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Tectonic Implications of U-Pb Zircon Ages of the Himalayan Orogenic Belt in Nepal
P. G. DeCelles, G. E. Gehrels, J. Quade, B. LaReau, and M. Spurlin

Supplementary Material

Supplemental Table 1. U-Pb isotopic data and apparent ages.
						Apparent age (Ma)
GRain type	Mass (mg)	U (ppm)	Pbc (pg)	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (raw)	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁸Pb (corr)	²⁰⁶Pb*/²³⁸U	±	²⁰⁷Pb*/²³⁵U	±	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	±
Budhi Ganga (Greater Himalaya, Dadeldhura nappe, 29°23´07.8´´N, 80°37´12.8´´E)
LE	9	649	13	2,440	4.7	521	3	520	4	515	14
LE	8	469	8	4,857	11.7	1034	5	1035	7	1038	10
LE	10	479	53	1,597	12.1	1506	7	1660	11	1860	8
LE	9	580	25	4,836	21.4	1628	6	1732	9	1861	6
GK1 (Siwalik Group, eastern Nepal, 26°52.043´N, 86°23.001´E)
CE	33	2915	9	3,178	32.9	32	0	33	1	147	23
CE	16	1222	12	1,632	7.2	102	1	117	1	426	22
CR	17	321	17	657	8.4	197	2	219	4	456	48
LE	15	1577	18	8,280	10.8	591	4	592	4	594	8
CE	22	2892	27	13,884	39.9	567	4	589	5	672	8
LE	22	1946	845	283	5.3	506	3	648	17	1182	48
CE	7	677	9	7,423	8.7	1296	7	1336	15	1400	8
CR	11	1497	9	13,294	20.3	753	4	1064	6	1774	6
LR	10	598	36	4,967	6.1	2469	14	2496	17	2518	6
CR	7	975	21	1,026	2.7	2526	19	2524	24	2523	9
CR	21	175	9	12,700	4.5	2562	12	2611	13	2649	5
GK2 (Siwalik Group, eastern Nepal, 26°52.781´N, 86°23.091´E)
CE	20	1288	8	13,940	16.5	441	3	448	4	485	8
CR	15	561	5	9,046	16.8	521	4	524	4	536	11
LR	29	481	7	24,920	11.2	828	5	833	6	847	7
CR	11	291	11	331	2.3	948	28	943	4	931	46
LR	16	563	6	15,170	12.9	1024	6	1025	7	1029	7
CE	16	852	7	22,420	7.5	646	4	1011	6	1915	5
LR	15	164	10	5,474	18.4	1954	10	1951	13	1948	7
GK3 (Siwalik Group, eastern Nepal, 26°53.174´N, 86°22.752´E)
CE	13	446	7	3,855	11.3	437	3	443	4	472	17
CE	16	101	6	2,335	5.0	500	6	501	6	504	16
CR	15	108	6	2,223	5.0	490	4	494	5	514	15
LE	12	161	7	1,920	3.2	687	6	689	8	699	15
LR	9	612	6	8,240	25.8	828	5	835	6	852	9
LE	14	404	9	6,360	16.6	967	6	968	8	968	8
CR	16	335	14	3,594	18.5	897	4	908	8	934	13
LE	12	258	8	4,350	3.4	982	7	981	9	981	10
LE	15	277	37	2,137	6.5	1680	11	1758	13	1852	7
GK4 (Siwalik Group, eastern Nepal, 26°54´22.5´´N, 86°23´05.4´´E)
CE	25	2056	7	3,845	24.5	51	1	58	1	336	18
LE	24	249	13	2,758	9.9	588	4	589	5	596	12
CE	23	351	8	3,870	14.9	380	3	424	4	674	14
LR	25	767	9	19,440	2.4	849	4	851	5	856	7
LE	24	245	15	3,960	4.8	915	5	916	8	916	13
CR	18	234	4	3,805	3.8	1031	6	1063	8	1130	8
CR	23	138	11	3,335	5.5	1056	7	1083	10	1138	13
CE	25	107	9	6,480	7.2	1857	10	1861	12	1865	7
LR	29	322	9	21,910	4.0	2036	12	2056	13	2075	5
LE	18	790	11	33,140	7.8	2188	13	2334	15	2456	5
LE	30	265	14	14,810	5.9	2158	14	2311	16	2449	5
TR2 (Greater Himalaya, Kathmandu nappe, 27°49´55.3´´N, 85°12´09.0´´E)
CE	14	601	11	3,815	22.9	479	3	480	5	482	17
CE	18	947	25	3,810	19.2	529	3	547	5	620	16
CE	47	974	31	11,110	12.0	708	5	731	5	802	6
CE	15	741	7	11,660	13.8	674	4	707	5	812	8
CE	29	410	8	12,090	27.3	493	3	538	3	729	6
TR3 (Greater Himalaya, Kathmandu nappe, 27°32´01.0´´N, 85°2.0´44.5´´E)
LR	18	442	8	5,260	2.9	497	3	498	4	503	13
CR	27	481	7	784	1.7	419	7	435	11	524	40
OE	11	1961	38	2,475	5.3	425	3	482	4	765	12
LE	13	335	7	4,840	30.4	775	4	789	6	830	10
LR	40	158	14	6,990	6.4	919	6	926	7	941	9
LR	40	160	14	6,690	11.1	924	5	932	7	952	9
LR	24	410	10	10,290	11.3	942	5	948	6	962	8
CE	19	798	8	1,744	6.5	867	7	897	10	973	14
CR	26	162	7	6,900	3.8	1025	7	1060	8	1134	8
LR	40	286	14	19,130	6.3	1314	10	1374	10	1468	5
CE	17	182	7	7,480	5.9	1490	8	1579	9	1632	5
OR	10	696	115	848	15.6	1233	6	1623	14	2172	12
CE	18	356	8	24,290	12.2	2539	14	2630	16	2701	5
OE	17	2602	59	11,590	7.2	1397	9	2086	14	2856	4
ARDZ1 (Greater Himalaya, Arun Gorge, 26°59´13.7´´N, 87°10´46.4´´E)
LR	2	1305	15	1,471	4.1	829	6	831	10	833	18
CR	5	307	14	1,111	5.5	941	7	942	13	943	22
CE	4	304	10	1,084	9.1	885	9	904	14	953	21
LR	3	646	10	2,220	6.8	1086	8	1103	11	1137	12
CE	2	148	25	136	1.9	967	28	1073	65	1296	94
CE	4	503	23	1,271	6.4	1350	8	1434	14	1561	13
CR	3	252	21	853	7.5	1654	11	1663	20	1674	17
CR	4	142	14	730	4.6	1588	18	1587	26	1586	21
CE	4	277	16	1,270	4.9	1707	11	1706	17	1705	12
CR	3	109	16	508	7.9	2114	29	2172	39	2228	19
ARDZ2 (Lesser Himalaya, Arun Gorge, 27°24´36.3´´N, 87°6´42.0´´E)
CE	4	295	36	259	9.3	778	9	1036	21	1629	29
CE	3	101	23	268	3.1	1858	30	1869	39	1882	22
CE	3	554	16	1,081	7.8	1050	9	1360	15	1888	13
CE	5	376	32	1,011	5.8	1639	8	1779	16	1947	12
CE	4	234	13	1,368	20.1	1778	12	1867	17	1966	10
CR	3	89	22	300	4.5	2184	33	2185	40	2186	16
CR	2	235	12	923	7.5	2175	21	2207	24	2238	7
OE	2	70	14	284	7.7	2338	61	2348	63	2358	16
OE	4	142	16	865	7.2	2137	20	2273	23	2398	7
OE	6	137	16	1,415	4.9	2390	18	2406	21	2420	6
CE	3	274	17	788	9.6	1505	15	2096	23	2739	7
ARDZ3 (Greater Himalaya, Arun Gorge, 27°24´8.4´´N, 87°3´54.9´´E)
LE	13	926	17	5,700	12.9	812	4	822	6	847	10
LE	11	158	18	790	5.1	815	7	829	15	868	30
CE	16	248	7	3,550	5.0	644	4	698	5	879	9
LR	9	116	10	620	2.1	572	9	643	17	905	39
CE	16	331	12	3,970	14.2	878	4	903	7	964	11
LR	11	306	7	3,040	6.9	893	5	910	6	949	8
OE	9	743	15	2,564	20.6	585	3	725	5	1185	8
LE	11	178	15	1,992	3.0	1442	8	1505	11	1596	8
CR	7	227	13	2,240	4.9	1713	10	1836	13	1979	6
ARDZ4 (Greater Himalaya, Arun Gorge, 27°24´40´´N, 87°5´33.0´´E)
CE	7	294	9	1,519	7.5	664	5	708	9	852	17
CE	8	374	28	1,437	19.5	1219	7	1435	12	1771	10
CE	6	1487	23	2,388	26.9	579	4	892	8	1776	8
CE	11	1477	17	1,050	16.6	725	5	1042	11	1784	12
ARDZ5 (Lesser Himalaya, Arun Gorge, 27°22´40´´N, 87°15´48.0´´E)
OR	7	659	13	2,150	13.9	613	4	979	7	1928	8
CR	7	97	7	1,930	12.9	1804	17	1866	19	1936	7
CR	10	191	19	2,015	4.3	1918	12	1930	15	1942	8
CR	12	535	16	8,040	11.6	1867	11	1906	12	1948	5
CR	7	281	13	3,666	6.6	2135	12	2145	15	2154	7
OR	7	718	12	3,205	8.3	777	5	1237	9	2160	7
CR	7	208	13	2,961	9.1	2304	15	2309	17	2314	5
OR	7	909	21	2,048	29.9	698	4	1308	10	2523	6
CHUKH (Tethyan succession, Kali Gandaki Gorge, 28°48´53.3´´N, 83°51´29.5´´E)
LR	18	537	10	4,895	8.9	516	3	514	4	504	13
CR	19	598	21	304	1.4	500	8	502	15	513	51
CR	14	215	7	2,634	14.8	568	5	572	6	586	13
LR	19	1129	15	7,320	8.8	499	3	527	4	651	10
CR	18	307	9	5,555	3.6	842	4	855	5	888	9
LR	18	477	9	797	4.8	766	12	806	18	915	29
CR	11	209	10	2,201	7.7	907	6	913	8	927	11
LR	14	311	13	4,470	4.9	1217	7	1217	9	1218	9
LR	15	140	36	1,024	9.7	1558	8	1668	16	1810	13
LR	16	326	35	1,685	5.7	1032	6	1526	10	2299	5
FDQ (Tethyan succession, Kali Gandaki Gorge, 28°47´27.8´´N, 83°45´35.9´´E)
CE	11	237	6	230	1.2	485	34	459	40	329	110
CR	9	818	15	307	1.8	543	12	553	21	590	62
CR	13	103	48	162	1.2	500	8	519	34	603	130
CE	10	177	25	424	3.2	542	6	556	14	611	45
CR	11	172	20	932	6.8	920	7	927	14	942	25
CR	11	148	6	901	5.6	963	8	959	15	949	26
LR	11	66	10	1,926	10.9	2077	16	2356	21	2608	6
SALY (Greater Himalaya, Dadeldhura nappe, 29°11´13.2´´N, 80°36´18.5´´E)
CE	8	600	12	2,100	11.1	478	3	475	5	460	15
LE	10	386	17	1,146	14.9	479	3	478	7	472	28
LE	12	596	9	3,936	20.4	479	3	481	5	488	16
LE	10	911	7	6,170	53.1	478	3	480	4	489	10
KUSHMA2 (Lesser Himalaya, western Nepal, 29°40´59.8´´N, 81°20´03.3´´E)
CR	8	281	7	3,940	39.5	1219	7	1443	10	1792	7
CR	15	40	6	1,830	3.8	1814	17	1827	19	1842	8
CR	22	85	8	4,530	3.5	1726	8	1781	11	1847	6
CE	18	163	15	3,410	7.7	1717	9	1781	13	1866	9
CR	19	294	8	13,750	5.7	1764	9	1809	10	1860	5
CR	12	122	7	4,135	21.6	1815	10	1837	12	1862	7
CE	18	195	7	9,480	6.4	1830	8	1845	10	1862	5
CR	14	163	9	5,195	6.9	1848	8	1856	10	1865	6
CR	15	186	8	6,515	5.9	1828	9	1847	10	1869	5
CE	15	115	11	3,230	6.4	1861	9	1865	13	1869	9
CE	19	61	8	3,140	4.9	1866	10	1868	13	1870	8
DAMGAD (Tethyan succession, Dadeldhura nappe, 29°18´17.7´´N, 80°44´15.7´´E)
CE	13	63	5	849	3.5	508	11	500	15	466	39
CR	6	240	5	1,435	3.6	504	7	505	9	510	23
LR	13	294	7	3,162	4.3	536	3	537	6	538	18
CE	5	541	9	2,825	9.6	845	7	845	9	848	11
CR	9	167	11	1,375	4.9	893	7	894	11	896	18
CR	20	48	18	570	3.9	932	10	925	22	910	41
PE	8	1135	9	9,530	31.1	854	4	872	5	915	6
CE	16	76	7	1,765	6.2	943	9	944	11	946	14
LR	20	193	5	6,950	17.8	940	5	943	6	951	8
CR	22	163	21	5,495	5.8	951	4	953	6	956	8
LR	9	476	9	5,150	4.5	957	6	958	8	960	10
LR	22	51	5	2,075	2.3	1016	9	1024	11	1041	11
LE	15	556	5	16,625	10.2	1084	5	1091	6	1104	5
LE	5	2651	13	17,245	11.9	1497	8	1531	9	1578	5
LR	22	164	5	12,670	2.3	1574	6	1582	7	1592	4
CE	7	462	7	4,450	3.9	945	6	1216	9	1734	8
LR	21	374	51	2,220	22.9	1360	17	1529	14	1772	10
CR	7	131	7	3,875	5.4	2211	15	2318	18	2414	5
LR	8	1482	9	36,380	27.2	2433	14	2449	15	2463	4
LR	17	512	7	37,170	11.3	2332	11	2419	11	2493	3
LE	14	592	7	33,130	13.1	2444	12	2480	14	2509	4
LR	9	861	9	24,330	11.2	2452	13	2503	15	2544	5
SANGRAM (Lesser Himalaya, western Nepal, 29°24´26.3´´N, 80°37´41.4´´E)
LR	14	328	8	3,665	6.5	621	4	627	6	650	15
CR	14	223	10	565	3.1	1650	30	1634	37	1614	25
CR	12	41	5	1,540	6.4	1682	19	1697	21	1715	9
LR	13	87	32	560	4.7	1462	10	1570	24	1718	24
LR	15	151	8	530	5.6	1792	39	1812	43	1834	15
LR	11	48	7	1,520	8.2	1739	18	1790	21	1851	9
CR	15	733	7	3,082	5.9	1763	11	1807	13	1858	8
CR	9	76	8	1,750	22.4	1727	14	1823	17	1935	7
CR	14	34	5	1,875	11.5	1919	20	1939	22	1961	8
LR	14	273	7	15,900	14.9	2438	10	2455	12	2469	5
LR	10	48	7	2,057	6.3	2449	20	2463	21	2476	5
BUDAR2 (Lesser Himalaya, western Nepal, Dadeldhura Road)
MR	16	506	35	1,768	9.7	723	3	1021	7	1732	8
MR	14	500	32	1,835	7.3	793	4	1095	7	1757	7
MR	9	380	19	2,575	6.0	1296	5	1514	8	1834	6
LR	15	319	7	1,128	5.7	1508	19	1652	24	1841	11
CR	11	109	19	1,285	4.7	1785	11	1812	16	1843	10
MR	16	84	12	2,075	4.1	1612	10	1716	12	1846	7
CR	9	76	9	1,578	5.3	1733	14	1785	17	1847	8
CR	12	110	10	2,515	15.9	1638	10	1737	12	1859	6
CR	12	80	8	2,349	5.1	1706	11	1777	13	1861	6
CR	10	99	14	1,347	14.5	1711	12	1782	16	1866	9
CR	12	98	11	3,245	7.7	2396	12	2428	15	2454	6
ANNAPURNA (Tethyan succession, Kali Gandaki Gorge, 28°43´26.9´´N, 83°38´55.2´´E)
CR	4	135	7	458	8.3	599	19	627	22	731	30
CR	6	152	12	645	1.9	770	10	785	14	828	25
CR	4	193	9	2,323	9.5	2523	19	2585	20	2634	3
ULLERI (Ulleri augen gneiss, western Nepal, 29°40´19.7´´N, 81°19´31.8´´E)
CE	10	474	11	1,795	9.8	416	3	697	6	1757	9
CE	9	678	215	339	4.6	1034	8	1301	23	1773	26
CE	12	1645	57	3,611	26.7	974	12	1260	17	1790	8
CE	15	1056	32	5,388	19.9	996	5	1288	7	1815	6
CE	7	304	8	4,107	17.5	1321	9	1523	12	1818	8
CE	9	961	23	6,894	12.7	1625	9	1716	11	1829	5
CE	8	305	11	3,685	19.2	1441	10	1615	14	1848	10
LAKARPARTA (Lesser Himalaya, western Nepal, 29°29´02.4´´N, 81°3´06.0´´E)
LR	7	362	58	419	3.9	992	7	1224	18	1661	23
LR	6	339	15	1,850	5.3	1227	7	1399	10	1673	8
GR	5	176	27	453	3.5	1381	12	1504	30	1682	30
LR	7	216	26	738	3.4	1212	9	1394	19	1684	19
LR	6	171	23	755	4.2	1496	12	1582	21	1699	18
LR	11	407	15	2,110	8.4	1174	7	1435	11	1847	7
CR	7	284	40	915	3.8	1696	11	1787	19	1892	14
LR	6	304	63	528	5.3	1606	10	1779	19	1988	15
LR	8	459	615	106	2.1	1475	18	1727	52	2046	9
SYANGIA (Lesser Himalaya, western Nepal, 29°29´29.2´´N, 81°4´35.6´´E)
LR	9	106	10	1,595	6.6	1555	13	1576	16	1604	11
LR	4	933	41	1,120	6.9	1192	6	1363	12	1644	13
CR	9	186	24	1,040	3.2	1409	12	1540	18	1726	14
LR	8	136	9	842	5.7	1090	10	1401	17	1913	14
CR	8	269	35	1,223	4.8	1862	13	1849	17	1836	10
GR	9	236	62	965	5.7	2573	20	2321	25	2106	12
LR	7	346	52	805	3.9	1717	9	2051	17	2406	10
LR	9	98	12	1,680	5.8	2339	17	2390	20	2434	7
CR	9	86	13	1,488	7.1	2184	17	2341	19	2480	7
GR	9	57	19	732	3.9	2414	23	2461	29	2501	11
CR	7	93	33	495	6.1	2417	22	2478	30	2529	12
* = radiogenic Pb Zircon type: D = dark pink, M = medium pink, L = light pink, C = colorless, G = gray, O = cloudy, R = rounded/spherical, E = euhedral. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (raw) = measured ratio, uncorrected for blank, spike, or fractionation. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁸Pb (corr) = ratio corrected for blank, spike, and fractionation. Pbc = total common Pb in analysis. All zircon grains were abraded in an air abrasion device to ~2/3 of their original diameter. U concentration has an uncertainty of up to 25% due to uncertainty in weight of grain. Constants used: l²³⁵ = 9.8485 × 10^-10, l²³⁸ = 1.55125 × 10^-10, ²³⁸U/²³⁵U = 137.88. Data reduction from Ludwig (A Computer Program for Processing Pb-U-Th Isotope Data, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-542, 1991).

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