Beyond the Printed Page
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THIS IS NOW...
The latest SCIENCE Web projects to appear in Beyond the Printed Page.
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Supplemental material for the report Stereoselective Bimolecular Phenoxy Radical Coupling by an Auxiliary (Dirigent) Protein Without an
Active Center by Davin et al.
The sequences of proline-rich motifs in 15 mammalian potassium channels and two N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. (20 December 1996)
Video clips showing vortex dynamics in superconducting films by Harada et al.
Supplementary data tables for the paper by Hosler et al. (27 September 1996)
Supplementary information for the paper by Cole et al. (27 September 1996)
Supplementary information for the paper by Lin et al. (13 September 1996)
Breakthrough of the Year nomination form (6 September 1996)
A Three-Color, Solid-State, Three-Dimensional Display (30 August 1996)
The Methanococcus jannaschii Genome Database (23 August 1996)
Possible Life on Mars? (7 August 1996)
Rates of DNA-Mediated Electron Transfer Between Metallointercalators (29 July 1996)
Modification of Phytohormone Response by a Peptide Encoded by ENOD40 of Legumes and a Nonlegume (19 July 1996)
Immunology Futures: Analysis and results of the 5 April questionnaire (12 July 1996)
AIDS resources: A listing of links to AIDS related sites (28 June 1996)
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THAT WAS THEN...
Past projects from Beyond the Printed Page--now archived as a library of
SCIENCE's World Wide Web efforts.
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Spontaneous Waves of Neural Activity in the Retina (24 May 1996)
Reverberation of Neural Activity in the Entorhinal Cortex and Hippocampus of the Rat Brain (24 May 1996)
Cardiovascular Medicine (3 May 1996)
Questionnaire: Immunology Futures (5 April 1996)
Women and Minorities '96: Maintaining Diversity in Science (29 March 1996)
Observation of Dynamic Interaction of Vortices with Pinning Centers by Lorentz Microscopy (8 March 1996)
- Ligand Binding: Molecular Mechanics Calculation of the Streptavidin-Biotin Rupture Force (16 February 1996)
Enhanced Perspectives (9 February 1996)
Indeterminate Organization of the Visual System (9 February 1996)
Science Education: Rethinking Europe's Universities (2 February 1996)
Biomedicine '96 Meeting: Medical Research from Bench to Bedside
Genetic Clues to Alzheimer's Disease (12 January 1996)
Temporal Processing Deficits of Language-Learning Impaired Children Ameliorated by Training (5 January 1996)
Language Comprehension in Language-Learning Impaired Children Improved with Acoustically Modified Speech (5 January 1996)
An STS-Based Map of the Human Genome (22 December 1995)
Transcription Against an Applied Force (8 December 1995)
What Does the Future Hold for Copyright and Scholarly Publishing? (1 December 1995)
Pharmacia Biotech & SCIENCE Prize for Young Scientists in Molecular Biology (10 November 1995)
Genome Issue (20 October 1995)
Speech Recognition with Primarily Temporal Cues (13 October 1995)
Titins: Giant Proteins in Charge of Muscle Ultrastructure and Elasticity (13 October 1995)
Careers '95: The Future of the Ph.D. (6 October 1995)
Anisotropy and Spiral Organizing Centers in Patterned Excitable Media
Computers '95: Fluid Dynamics (8 September 1995)
Genome Sequence Data on H. influenzae (28 July 1995)
Science Conduct On-Line (23 June 1995)
- Supplementary information for the paper by Harada et al.
- Five video clips showing vortex dynamics in superconducting films.
Harada 1 (234K),
2 (234K),
3 (240K),
4 (234K),
5 (230K)
- Supplementary information for the paper by Hosler et al.
- Table 1. Lead isotope data from Mexican copper deposits by state and mine.
Table 2. Lead isotope data and chemical compositions (weight percent) of Mesoamerican artifacts in Mexico by site or
region.
Table 3. Lead isotope data from Mesoamerican artifacts by state and site or region.
- Supplementary information for the paper by Cole et al.
- Supplementary information for the paper by Lin et al.
- A Protein Phosphorylation Switch at the Conserved Allosteric Site in Glycogen Phosphorylase data is available at this site. The paper describes the mechanism by which covalent phosphorylation acts as a switch to control the activity of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. The supplementary materials provide an animated view of the conformational changes in the protein, the ability to manipulate models of the enzyme with the programs Chemscape Chime and RasMol, and views of the protein structure not shown in the printed version of the paper.
- Breakthrough of the Year
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The last week for nominations of Breakthrough of the Year 1996 is 25-31 October!
Every December, Science recognizes one key breakthrough plus 10 "Runners-Up." This year, we invite your nominations for the top slot. We're looking for research in any discipline that opens whole new avenues of science, brings different fields together, and offers great potential benefits to society. Nomination form.
- A Three-Color, Solid-State, Three-Dimensional Display (see paper)
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QuickTime movie (1.7 MB): Dynamic Lissajous figures created at the intersection if two infrared laser beams that are being deflected with mechanical Galvanometer scanners. The host material is praseodymen doped ZBLAN glass and the lasers are infrared diode lasers from SDL Inc.
Download a QuickTime viewer.
- Rates of DNA-Mediated Electron Transfer Between Metallointercalators
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References and Notes
27.Caption for figure mentioned in (27):
Time-resolved transient absorption data monitoring the ground-state recovery kinetics of D-Os(phen)2dppz2+ bound to mixed-sequence DNA in the presence of increasing concentrations of D-Rh(phi)2bpy3+. (Bottom to top): 0, 1, and 3 equiv of Rh(III). Conditions are as given in Fig. 2 of the Report. Fitting was performed analogously to Fig. 3, except that k1 = 1.1 x 1010 s-1; again, when k1 is not set, its value remains constant (±15%) for each point in the titration. The rate constant k2 was found to be (7 ± 1) x 108 s-1, the shorter intrinsic decay constant of DNA-bound *Os(II); the longer decay constant for unquenched *Os(II), 1 x 108 s-1, was incorporated into a constant offset. Although the shapes of the decay curves clearly change as a function of Rh(III), the change in curvature indicates an increase in the fraction of k1 rather than a change in the values of the rate constants.
Description of laser apparatus and data mentioned in note (27):
Instrumentation for Time Correlated Single Photon Counting and Transient Absorption Experiments:
The time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) apparatus utilizes a cavity-dumped femtosecond mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser centered near 830 nm [M. Ramaswamy, M. Ulman, J. Paye, J. G. Fujimoto, Optics Lett. 18, 572 (1993)]. Samples are excited with frequency-doubled light at variable repetition rates (usually 40 kHz). Typical emission count rates are = 1 kHz detected with a Hamamatsu multichannel plate photomultiplier tube (R3809U-01). The data displayed represents the sum of several scans obtained in reverse timing. Full width at half maximum is ~ 50 ps. The pump-/probe transient absorption experiments employ a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier [J. Squier, F. Salin, G. Mourou, D. Harter, Optics Lett. 16, 324 (1991)], as described in D. A. V. Kliner, J. C. Alfano, P. F. Barbara, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 5375 (1993). The system typically produces 140 fs pulses centered near 780 nm with a pulse energy of ~180 mJ at 2 kHz repetition rate. Amplified pulses are partitioned in a 30:/70 beam splitter, initiating the pump and probe light sources. The larger fraction is focused into a spinning quartz disk for continuum generation. 420 nm probe light is selected by a variable-wavelength interference filter and split into signal and reference paths. The smaller fraction of the amplified pulse is mechanically chopped at 1 kHz and focused onto a 1-mm BBO crystal for second harmonic frequency gnereation. The resultant 390 nm pump light (~10 mJ/ pulse-1) is focused and crossed with the probe light through a static 2 mm quartz sample cuvette. Time-resolved dynamics are obtained by scanning a variable delay in the probe light interaction with the sample relative to the pump light interaction. Signal and reference probe intensities were measured by large-area avalanche photodiodes (EG&G) and divided in an analog processor. The change in absorbance measured from probe intensity with the pump on relative to probe intensity with pump blocked was obtained from a boxcar operating in toggle mode. Typically, 2000 shots were averaged per time point and 2-8 scans were averaged per data set.
29.Caption for figure mentioned in (29):
Steady-state emission quenching of (!) D-Ru(phen)2dppz2+ and (_) L-Ru(phen)2dppz2+ by D-Rh(phi)2bpy3+ in the presence of mixed-sequence DNA. Conditions are as given in Fig. 2 of the Report.
- Modification of Phytohormone Response by a Peptide Encoded by ENOD40 of Legumes and a Nonlegume
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Sequence alignment of full ENDO40 gene sequences from soybean, pea, alfalfa, and tocacco plants.
- Spontaneous Waves of Neural Activity in the Retina
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Clip 1 (1.8 MB): A movie of spontaneous wave domains. The first frame is a fluorescence image of the ganglion cell layer of a fura-2 stained retina. The total field is over 1 mm2. Next, a movie of the data summarized in the first frame of Figure 1 is shown. Increases in [Ca2+]i correspond to cells going dark (12). The first wave seen in the video sequence corresponds to the red wave in the lower left hand corner of the figure. The final wave in the sequence corresponds to the purple wave in the center of the field.
Clip 2 (3.3 MB): Waves can be elicited by a short pressure ejection of artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing K+ (13). The first frame is a fluorescence image of a fura-2 stained retina at a lower magnification than the first segment (the total field is over 4mm2). The white spot shows the location of the micropipette tip. Following the fluorescent image, local depolarization induced by the pressure ejection, followed by an elicited wave traveling down and toward the left is shown. A second puff, 20 seconds after the first, evoked only a local depolarization since it occurred within the refractory period of the tissue (as in Figure 2B). By this method, we could determine the area of tissue that is directly depolarized by the pressure ejection of K+. This video clip corresponds to the first frame of Fig. 4C. Note that several spontaneous waves also occur during the sequence.
Clip 3 (1.6 MB): Waves can be elicited by pressure ejection of 200 M nicotine. The first frame is a fluorescence image of a fura-2 stained retina. The total field is 0.25 mm2, which is a higher magnification view than shown in Clip 1 of the videotape. The fura-2 labeled cell bodies can be seen clearly. The white circle show the location of the micropipette tip. The elicited wave travels upward from the region round the pipette and then circles around to the center of the frame.
- Reverberation of Neural Activity in the Entorhinal Cortex and Hippocampus of the Rat Brain
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Clip 1 (2.9 MB): Supplement to Figure 1. Reverberation of neural activity in EC and the activity transfer from EC to the hippocampus.
Clip 2 (1 MB): Supplement to Figure 2. Gating the entry of neural acitvity into the hippocampus.
- Cardiovascular Medicine
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Embryonic Heart Development
A series of film clips showing the developmental timecourse of the
cardiovascular system in the chick. The series begins with a
20-hour-old embryo and finishes when it is about 6 days
old. Rhythmic contractions of the heart are first visible at about 30
hours of development. The film clips were provided by Deepak
Srivastava (The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas).
Cardiology Compass
From the Washington University School of Medicine, this is a helpful
guide for navigation to information resources and multimedia features
related to the cardiovascular system.
- Questionnaire: Immunology Futures
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Progress in immunology has spawned many exciting therapeutic
possibilities. But which ones are most desirable, and which are most
important, practical, and cost-effective? The Science Immunology Futures
Questionnaire, designed with these questions in mind, was available for a month for your participation but is now closed to further comment. We appreciate the time that many of you took to fill out the questionnaire, which is still available for your perusal. Please check Science On-Line 12 July for our analysis and summary of the results of the questionaire.
- Women and Minorities '96: Maintaining Diversity in Science
- In this special issue, Science reporters examine the impact of tight budgets and '90s politics on career prospects for women and minorities in science. Recent court rulings severely limit affirmative action, and so could disrupt longstanding efforts to encourage women and minorities in science. Proposed legislation in Congress and in California would go even further, outlawing any preferences on the basis of race or gender. At the University of California--often the nation's bellwether on diversity--observers predict fewer blacks and Hispanics on campus. But despite this chilly climate, new and successful strategies to tap the talent of all groups are emerging. We also profile top-ranked women and minority scientists, who explain how they got ahead and offer strategies for success in today's competitive environment. The full text of this special issue is available on Science's Next Wave.
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Observation of Dynamic Interaction of Vortices with Pinning Centers by Lorentz Microscopy
- Videos show movement of magnetic vortices around defects and closely
packed vortices forming a lattice domain. A related Perspective also provides videos of
strong and weak pinning vortex channels.
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Enhanced Perspectives
- The full texts of eleven Perspectives are now available in an enhanced
form. Added to the Perspectives are hypernotes linking the text to the
vast array of scientific information available on-line.
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Indeterminate Organization of the Visual System
- Wiring up the brain. More details about Hilgetag et al.'s
algorithm to determine the hierarchical organization of the brain and
commentary by D. C. Van Essen and D. J. Felleman that goes beyond that in
the print magazine.
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Science Education: Rethinking Europe's Universities
- In this special news report, SCIENCE's correspondents examine
the sweeping changes taking place in universities across Europe. They
found that the forces driving the changes and the responses to them are
far from uniform. Germany and France are struggling to cope with more
students while funding has stagnated; the United Kingdom is broadening
access to university education while stimulating more competition among
institutions; the Netherlands is trying to shorten the time it takes
students to graduate; and the former countries of the Soviet bloc are
struggling with the legacy of communism--the separation of research and
teaching, and limited finances. The full text of this special report is
available on SCIENCE's Next Wave, along with forums and reports
from young scientists in Europe.
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Biomedicine '96 Meeting: Medical Research from Bench to Bedside
- SCIENCE, the Association of American Physicians (AAP), the
American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), and the American
Federation for Clinical Research (AFCR) present Biomedicine '96, May 3
to 6, 1996, in Washington, DC. The program, orginally published in
SCIENCE November 3, 1995, is now available on-line. Please visit
the AFCR home page for complete program information and details on how to
register or become an exhibitor.
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Interactive Forum on "Genetic Clues to Alzheimer's Disease"
- Dewji and Singer propose a hypothesis to explain why the proteins
beta-amyloid and S182/STM2 underlie familial Alzheimer's disease. On our
interactive forum, you can post your own comments on their proposal and
see the reaction of others in the community.
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Temporal Processing Deficits of Language-Learning Impaired Children Ameliorated by Training
- Frequency modulated sweeps forming a continuum from long duration and
long interstimulus interval to short duration and short interstimulus
interval were used as training stimuli in the "Circus Sequence" training
game. Similarly, synthetic phonemes ranging from highly modified to
normal consonant transition duration and intensity were used as stimuli in
the "Phoneme Identification" training game.
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Language Comprehension in Language-Learning Impaired Children Improved with Acoustically Modified Speech
- Acoustically modified speech was used as part of a program for training
language-learning impaired children.
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An STS-Based Map of the Human Genome (22 December)
- Hudson et al. report in this issue on the construction of a physical
map of the human genome that was based on unique DNA landmarks called
sequence-tagged sites (STSs). The map integrates radiation hybrid,
genetic, and YAC-contig maps and should provide the foundation for
large-scale sequencing efforts. A compressed version of one chromosome is
shown in the printed pages, but here we provide a link to the WWW server
at the Whitehead Institute, which contains complete maps for all 24
chromosomes as well as the raw data on which the maps were based.
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Transcription Against an Applied Force
- A movie of RNA polymerase transcribing and pulling on DNA and
directions for viewing are presented. These data are from the experiment
described in Figure 2 of the paper by Yin et al. (8 December
1995).
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What Does the Future Hold for Copyright and Scholarly Publishing?
- This feature includes a policy piece discussing the ruling in the
American Geophysical Union et al. v. Texaco case, a
questionnaire to gather data for a study on photocopying and fair use, and
an interactive forum posing questions on copyright and electronic
publishing.
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Pharmacia Biotech & SCIENCE Prize for Young Scientists in Molecular Biology.
- Full text of the winning essays is provided along with biographical
information and photos of the four winners.
Rules and entry forms
for the 1996 competition are also available on-line.
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Speech Recognition with Primarily Temporal Cues
- Examples of the audio stimulus and corresponding spectrograms are
presented in relation to a paper published by Shannon et al. (13
Oct.) on speech perception.
- SCIENCE Genome Maps VI-- Caenorhabditis elegans
- You can't follow the Genome Project without a road map! The 20 October
issue of SCIENCE contains a chart that summarizes progress in the
Caenorhabditis elegans Genome Project and indicates in a flow
chart some ways in which information about sequence can be used. The Web
version has a map-image format, and links to C. elegans-related
databases are active.
- A Time To Sequence
- In a Policy Forum, Maynard Olson, from the University of Washington,
Seattle, expresses his view that the time has come to focus on large-scale
sequencing of the human genome and to divert resources from such areas as
technology development, analysis of gene function, and the launching of
new model organism projects. You have the opportunity to participate in
an electronic discussion of the issues raised in this Policy Forum.
- Genetic Discrimination and Health Insurance
- Genetic information has begun to have a profound effect on health care,
as discussed in the Policy Forum by Kathy Hudson et al.
Representatives of the NIH-DOE Working Group on Ethical, Legal, and Social
Implications (ELSI) of the Human Genome Project and the National Action
Plan on Breast Cancer discuss the potential for genetic discrimination in
health insurance and submit recommendations for federal and state
agencies. You have the opportunity to participate in an electronic
discussion of the issues raised in this Policy Forum.
- The Mycoplasma genitalium sequence database
- The 20 October issue of SCIENCE presents the report by Fraser et
al. of the sequencing and assembly of Mycoplasma
genitalium, which is one of the smallest free-living organisms. We
also provide a link to the web site established by The Institute for
Genomic Research (TIGR) for genome sequence data on M.
genitalium.
- Database of the Physical Map of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 4
- Detailed understanding of plant genomes has lately led to the
identification of genes involved in the control of traits such as flower
formation, fruit ripening, and endogenous resistance to pests. The first
physical map of a plant chromosome, chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis
thaliana, is reported by Schmidt et al. In this issue of
SCIENCE, we are also providing a link to a web site that
presents complete details of the map, including names and order of clones
and genetic sites used to assemble the contigs.
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Titins: Giant Proteins in Charge of Muscle Ultrastructure and Elasticity
- How large is large? For proteins, most lie within the range of 180 to
900 amino acid residues per molecule (masses of 20,000 to 100,000
daltons). Labeit and Kolmerer present the molecular cloning and sequencing
of titin, a protein from human heart of 26,926 residues (3 million
daltons). Analysis of the sequence domains, the messenger RNA splicing
patterns in various tissues, and the structural organization of other
muscle proteins suggests that titin serves two functions. First, it
specifies the global arrangement of thick, myosin-containing filaments in
muscle and, second, selective expression of domains explains the different
elasticity of muscles.
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Welcome to "Careers '95: The Future of the Ph.D.''
- In this special issue of SCIENCE, news reporters explore the
tough issues facing science Ph.D.'s now and in the coming years. Chief
among them is the job crunch: Do contracting science budgets mean that
it's finally time for Ph.D. "population control"? More and more
scientists and policymakers are arguing that the number of graduate
students--and even whole departments--must be scaled back. Other stories
examine how Ph.D. programs are changing to adapt to a job market that no
longer promises a career in academia, and how research universities
themselves are adapting to tighter fiscal realities. Readers can also
follow links to National Academy of Sciences reports on science careers,
graduate school rankings, and previous careers-related articles from
SCIENCE. The Careers section appears as part of
SCIENCE's Next Wave, a
new electronic network for young scientists.
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Anisotropy and Spiral Organizing Centers in Patterned Excitable Media
- This feature includes two movies that show chemical waves propagating
along a membrane that was prepared with a patterned catalyst. This allows
the evolution of the wave pattern to be programmed into the substrate.
Computers '95: Fluid Dynamics
"Computers '95--Fluid Dynamics" is a Web version of the special section on computers that appears in the 8 September issue. Four scientist-written articles describe efforts to understand fluid flows in the sun, the ocean and atmosphere, and the Earth's interior by simulating them on computers. Accompanying news stories report on the search for the additional computer power that could make such simulations more realistic. The news stories also examine recent developments on the Internet and in the world of on-line databases.
The electronic version of the section includes links to Web sites where the viewer will find fluid-dynamics simulations and additional information related to the news stories. It also offers a message forum in which viewers can comment on our coverage.
Genome Sequence Data on H. influenzae
The 28 July issue of SCIENCE presents the report of the first
sequencing and assembly of the complete genome of a free-living organism,
Haemophilus influenzae Rd. We are also providing a link to the
Web site established by The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) for
genome sequence data on H. influenzae. This site provides a more
complete version of Table 3 in R. D. Fleischmann et al.
"Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus
influenzae Rd." It contains all the predicted coding regions
organized by biological role, the database match and accession numbers
used to identify the coding regions, gene identification numbers, gene
names, supplemental sequence identity information, and the coordinates of
the predicted coding region. Links are presented between each predicted
coding region and its translation product, role, and alignment. Users will
be able to search the TIGR database by gene name, nucleotide sequence, and
protein sequence queries.
Science Conduct On-Line
"Science Conduct On-Line" is an interactive World Wide Web project that
incorporates the "Conduct in Science" section from the 23 June issue of
SCIENCE. This special 14-page report focuses on "gray areas" of
behavior such as allocating credit for research work, assigning authorship
of research papers, and sharing materials. In addition, the on-line
project offers interaction with a panel of five experts in science
conduct. Each expert has devised a scenario that poses difficult choices
in science conduct. After reading the scenarios, you can offer the experts
your views of how the situation should be handled. They will read your
responses and select some for posting on the Web with their own comments.
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