Spatial Cell Biology

 Location, Location, Location

Stella Hurtley
Science 27 November 2009: 1205.
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Perspective

Anatomic Demarcation of Cells: Genes to Patterns

Howard Y. Chang
Science 27 November 2009: 1206-1207.
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Reviews

Actin, a Central Player in Cell Shape and Movement

Thomas D. Pollard and John A. Cooper
Science 27 November 2009: 1208-1212.
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Subcellular mRNA Localization in Animal Cells and Why It Matters

Christine E. Holt and Simon L. Bullock
Science 27 November 2009: 1212-1216.
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The Extracellular Matrix: Not Just Pretty Fibrils

Richard O. Hynes
Science 27 November 2009: 1216-1219.
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Cell Signaling in Space and Time: Where Proteins Come Together and When They’re Apart

John D. Scott and Tony Pawson
Science 27 November 2009: 1220-1224.
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Why and How Bacteria Localize Proteins

L. Shapiro, H. H. McAdams, and R. Losick
Science 27 November 2009: 1225-1228.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 27 November 2009: 1159.
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Editorial:
On Incentives for Innovation

Bruce Alberts
Science 27 November 2009: 1163.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 27 November 2009: 1164.
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Science Podcast

Science 27 November 2009: 1287.
The show includes speciation by sexual selection, a Medieval Climate Anomaly, the fate of stimulus funding for science, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 27 November 2009: 1287.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

Biotechnology
Bankruptcy Won't Stop deCODE, Says Its Founder, Stefánsson

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 27 November 2009: 1172.
deCODE genetics Inc. filed for bankruptcy last week, but the company will continue operations with a loan from a potential buyer. And its flamboyant leader, Kari Stefánsson, says he hopes to stay on as leader of deCODE's hunt for disease-causing genes. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Fusion
Schedule Concerns Delay ITER's Go-Ahead

Daniel Clery
Science 27 November 2009: 1172.
The scientific and engineering team building the ITER fusion reactor failed to win an expected endorsement from the project's governing council last week. The council sent the team back to do more work on the proposed construction schedule for the mammoth undertaking. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Infectious Diseases
Farm Fungicides Linked to Resistance in a Human Pathogen

Martin Enserink
Science 27 November 2009: 1173.
A team of Dutch researchers claims that the massive use of fungicides to protect European orchards, vineyards, and grain fields may be contributing to resistance against drugs used to treat people with life-threatening infections of Aspergillus fumigatus. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

AIDS
Asia Grapples With Unexpected Wave of HIV Infections

Dennis Normile
Science 27 November 2009: 1174.
Across Asia-Pacific, a region so far largely spared the worst of the AIDS epidemic, HIV infections are rising rapidly, primarily among men having sex with men (MSM). With this concern in mind, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations Development Programme this week sponsored a meeting in Bangkok to bolster the region's HIV prevention, treatment, and care for MSM. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Newsmaker Interview
Carlos Minc Pushes a Bold Agenda As Brazil's Environment Chief

Antonio Regalado
Science 27 November 2009: 1175.
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Random Samples

Science 27 November 2009: 1171.
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News Focus

Science and the Stimulus
Science and the Stimulus

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 27 November 2009: 1176-1177.
An $18 billion burst of funding from the $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act is nurturing U.S. research. Where did it go, and is it being spent wisely? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Science and the Stimulus
Shovel-Ready Science Drives DOE Decisions

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 27 November 2009: 1177-1178.
The Recovery Act enhanced the ability of the Department of Energy's national laboratories to tackle big problems and got the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy off to a fast start. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Science and the Stimulus
NIH Hopes Stimulus Isn't a Roller-Coaster Ride

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 27 November 2009: 1179-1180.
A once-in-a-lifetime increase is a lifesaver for thousands of scientists. But will it also give them a false sense of hope? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Science and the Stimulus
NSF Boosts Success Rates, But at What Price?

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 27 November 2009: 1181-1182.
Dipping into a backlog of highly rated proposals is a safe bet. But are there enough high-risk, high-reward ideas in the pot? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Science and the Stimulus
Medicine Under the Microscope

Eliot Marshall
Science 27 November 2009: 1183-1185.
A billion dollars in stimulus money will go to evaluating which medical treatments and procedures work best. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Science and the Stimulus
A User's Guide to Cancer Treatment

Jenny Marder
Science 27 November 2009: 1184.
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Letters

 Retraction

Zhiwen Zhang, Jeff Gildersleeve, Yu-Ying Yang, Ran Xu, Joseph A. Loo, Sean Uryu, Chi-Huey Wong, and Peter G. Schultz
Science 27 November 2009: 1187.
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 Where Are the Parasites?

Susan J. Kutz, Andy P. Dobson, and Eric P. Hoberg
Science 27 November 2009: 1187-1188.
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 Still Vulnerable to Killer Tsunamis

A. D. Ziegler, P. P. Wong, and C. Grundy-Warr
Science 27 November 2009: 1188-1189.
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 Teaching Strategies Based on Research

P. Dee Boersma and Lin Zurfluh
Science 27 November 2009: 1189.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 27 November 2009: 1189.
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Books et al.

Sociology
Asking About Origins

Gagan D. S. Sood
Science 27 November 2009: 1190-1191.
To consider how social relations structure individual behavior and vice versa, Martin examines relationships over scales ranging from families and gangs to armies and nation-states. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Physics
Quantum Theory's Silent Pioneer

Mary Jo Nye
Science 27 November 2009: 1191-1192.
Farmelo explores the life and science of the brilliant and reticent theoretical physicist Paul A. M. Dirac. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 27 November 2009: 1191.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 20 November 2009. Summary »|  

Education Forum

Biosecurity
Educating Scientists About Dual Use

Jennifer L. Sta. Ana, Mark S. Frankel, and Kavita M. Berger
Science 27 November 2009: 1193.
Harmful misuse of biological research must be addressed through education, but such programs are in short supply and can be improved. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Chemistry
Calcite Biocomposites Up Close

Mark D. Hollingsworth
Science 27 November 2009: 1194-1195.
Electron tomography is used to probe the processes involved in the formation of biomineral composite structures. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Cell Biology
Nuclear Export of Small RNAs

Murray Stewart
Science 27 November 2009: 1195-1196.
The machinery that exports small RNAs from the cell nucleus is fine-tuned to recognize when the processing of each class of RNA has been completed. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Virology
Moving Forward in HIV Vaccine Development

Norman L. Letvin
Science 27 November 2009: 1196-1198.
Clinical trial results of a vaccine regimen to prevent HIV infection show modest protection and suggest that changes are needed in the direction of future research. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Microbiology
Variety—the Splice of Life—in Microbial Communities

Jillian F. Banfield and Mark Young
Science 27 November 2009: 1198-1199.
Splicing of viral fragments into bacterial and archaeal genomes may provide protection against viral predation. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Systems Biology
Excavating the Functional Landscape of Bacterial Cells

Howard Ochman and Rahul Raghavan
Science 27 November 2009: 1200-1201.
Functional analyses of a reduced bacterial genome suggest levels of complexity and control previously assumed to be restricted to eukaryotes. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Computer Science
What Can Virtual Worlds and Games Do for National Security?

V. S. Subrahmanian and John Dickerson
Science 27 November 2009: 1201-1202.
Virtual environments based on behavorial models allow analysts to explore different outcomes of proposed actions in military conflicts. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Video »|  Supporting Online Material »|  

Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 27 November 2009: 1203-1204.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Induced Chromosomal Proximity and Gene Fusions in Prostate Cancer

Ram-Shankar Mani, Scott A. Tomlins, Kaitlin Callahan, Aparna Ghosh, Mukesh K. Nyati, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Nallasivam Palanisamy, and Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Science 27 November 2009: 1230.
Published online 29 October 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1178124] (in Science Express Brevia)
Androgen signaling facilitates the formation of an oncogenic fusion gene in prostate cancer cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Haploid Genetic Screens in Human Cells Identify Host Factors Used by Pathogens

Jan E. Carette, Carla P. Guimaraes, Malini Varadarajan, Annie S. Park, Irene Wuethrich, Alzbeta Godarova, Maciej Kotecki, Brent H. Cochran, Eric Spooner, Hidde L. Ploegh, and Thijn R. Brummelkamp
Science 27 November 2009: 1231-1235.
A method identifies human factors required for successful microbial pathogenesis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Proteome Organization in a Genome-Reduced Bacterium

Sebastian Kühner, Vera van Noort, Matthew J. Betts, Alejandra Leo-Macias, Claire Batisse, Michaela Rode, Takuji Yamada, Tobias Maier, Samuel Bader, Pedro Beltran-Alvarez, Daniel Castaño-Diez, Wei-Hua Chen, Damien Devos, Marc Güell, Tomas Norambuena, Ines Racke, Vladimir Rybin, Alexander Schmidt, Eva Yus, Ruedi Aebersold, Richard Herrmann, Bettina Böttcher, Achilleas S. Frangakis, Robert B. Russell, Luis Serrano, Peer Bork, and Anne-Claude Gavin
Science 27 November 2009: 1235-1240.
The simplified proteome of a bacterium provides insight into the organization of proteins into molecular machines. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Directed Transport of Atoms in a Hamiltonian Quantum Ratchet

Tobias Salger, Sebastian Kling, Tim Hecking, Carsten Geckeler, Luis Morales-Molina, and Martin Weitz
Science 27 November 2009: 1241-1243.
A quantum ratchet, which operates without dissipation, is created with a Bose-Einstein condensate and optical potentials. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Visualizing the 3D Internal Structure of Calcite Single Crystals Grown in Agarose Hydrogels

Hanying Li, Huolin L. Xin, David A. Muller, and Lara A. Estroff
Science 27 November 2009: 1244-1247.
Electron tomography shows that physical interactions may be sufficient to incorporate macromolecules into a calcite crystal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Formation of Compositionally Abrupt Axial Heterojunctions in Silicon-Germanium Nanowires

C.-Y. Wen, M. C. Reuter, J. Bruley, J. Tersoff, S. Kodambaka, E. A. Stach, and F. M. Ross
Science 27 November 2009: 1247-1250.
A solid alloy catalyst is used to synthesize atomically sharp interfaces in silicon-germanium nanowires. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Selective Phenol Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone Over a Dual Supported Pd–Lewis Acid Catalyst

Huizhen Liu, Tao Jiang, Buxing Han, Shuguang Liang, and Yinxi Zhou
Science 27 November 2009: 1250-1252.
The cooperation of two common catalysts unexpectedly facilitates selective synthesis of a commodity chemical compound. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Climate-Driven Basin-Scale Decadal Oscillations of Oceanic Phytoplankton

Elodie Martinez, David Antoine, Fabrizio D’Ortenzio, and Bernard Gentili
Science 27 November 2009: 1253-1256.
Satellite data show that upper ocean chlorophyll and sea surface temperatures are connected on a multidecadal time scale. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly

Michael E. Mann, Zhihua Zhang, Scott Rutherford, Raymond S. Bradley, Malcolm K. Hughes, Drew Shindell, Caspar Ammann, Greg Faluvegi, and Fenbiao Ni
Science 27 November 2009: 1256-1260.
The global pattern of warming that characterized the Medieval Climate Anomaly was a dynamical response to solar forcing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Extensive, Recent Intron Gains in Daphnia Populations

Wenli Li, Abraham E. Tucker, Way Sung, W. Kelley Thomas, and Michael Lynch
Science 27 November 2009: 1260-1262.
Interpopulation genome polymorphisms in the water flea, Daphnia, indicate multiple recent intron gains. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Impact of Genome Reduction on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Regulation

Eva Yus, Tobias Maier, Konstantinos Michalodimitrakis, Vera van Noort, Takuji Yamada, Wei-Hua Chen, Judith A. H. Wodke, Marc Güell, Sira Martínez, Ronan Bourgeois, Sebastian Kühner, Emanuele Raineri, Ivica Letunic, Olga V. Kalinina, Michaela Rode, Richard Herrmann, Ricardo Gutiérrez-Gallego, Robert B. Russell, Anne-Claude Gavin, Peer Bork, and Luis Serrano
Science 27 November 2009: 1263-1268.
Reconstruction of a bacterial metabolic network reveals strategies for metabolic control with a genome of reduced size. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Transcriptome Complexity in a Genome-Reduced Bacterium

Marc Güell, Vera van Noort, Eva Yus, Wei-Hua Chen, Justine Leigh-Bell, Konstantinos Michalodimitrakis, Takuji Yamada, Manimozhiyan Arumugam, Tobias Doerks, Sebastian Kühner, Michaela Rode, Mikita Suyama, Sabine Schmidt, Anne-Claude Gavin, Peer Bork, and Luis Serrano
Science 27 November 2009: 1268-1271.
Sequencing of a tiny bacterium’s RNA reveals many noncoding RNAs and complex gene regulation reminiscent of eukaryotes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Core of an RNA-Polymerase Ribozyme

David M. Shechner, Robert A. Grant, Sarah C. Bagby, Yelena Koldobskaya, Joseph A. Piccirilli, and David P. Bartel
Science 27 November 2009: 1271-1275.
The structure of a ligase ribozyme suggests how RNA might be able to replicate itself. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A High-Resolution Structure of the Pre-microRNA Nuclear Export Machinery

Chimari Okada, Eiki Yamashita, Soo Jae Lee, Satoshi Shibata, Jun Katahira, Atsushi Nakagawa, Yoshihiro Yoneda, and Tomitake Tsukihara
Science 27 November 2009: 1275-1279.
Exportin-5:RanGTP surrounds microRNAs to protect them from degradation as it exports them from the nucleus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crystal Structure of a Nucleocapsid-Like Nucleoprotein-RNA Complex of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Rajiv G. Tawar, Stéphane Duquerroy, Clemens Vonrhein, Paloma F. Varela, Laurence Damier-Piolle, Nathalie Castagné, Kirsty MacLellan, Hugues Bedouelle, Gérard Bricogne, David Bhella, Jean-François Eléouët, and Félix A. Rey
Science 27 November 2009: 1279-1283.
In negative-strand RNA viruses, viral RNA wraps around a nucleocapsid helix with the bases accessible to the viral polymerase. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|