This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 30 July 2010: 488.
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Editorial:
Reframing Science Standards

Bruce Alberts
Science 30 July 2010: 491.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 30 July 2010: 492.
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Science Podcast

Science 30 July 2010: 576.
The show includes dopamine and impulsivity, tough times for psychiatric drug development, your Letters to Science, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 30 July 2010: 576.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

Archaeology
Copper Mine Threatens Ancient Monastery in Afghanistan

Andrew Lawler
Science 30 July 2010: 496-497.
A Chinese company intends to blow up an ancient Buddhist monastery south of Kabul to make way for a massive copper mine. The plan has sparked outrage among Afghan and French archaeologists. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

2011 Budget
NSF Funding Request Faring Well in Congress

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 30 July 2010: 497.
While the 2011 budget requests of other U.S. research agencies are struggling to stay afloat in choppy fiscal seas, so far the National Science Foundation's is sailing through Congress largely intact. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Volcanology
Is China's Riskiest Volcano Stirring Or Merely Biding Its Time?

Richard Stone
Science 30 July 2010: 498-499.
Last month, a South Korean geologist declared that a 2744-meter-tall volcano on the border of China and North Korea is showing signs of waking from a century-long slumber. But Chinese volcanologists discount the threat and insist that the volcano is quiet. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

High Energy Physics
Fermilab Physicists Don't See Higgs, Argue They Should Keep Looking

Adrian Cho
Science 30 July 2010: 498-499.
Quelling rumors, Fermilab physicists announced at the International Conference on High Energy Physics that they had not yet spotted a long-sought particle called the Higgs boson—although they have narrowed the range of its mass. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 30 July 2010: 499.
ScienceInsider reported this week that Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D–NV) declared the effort to pass a mandatory cap on comprehensive greenhouse gas emissions dead as he couldn't muster a bipartisan supermajority of 60 lawmakers, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

International Conference
Money Woes Cast Shadow Over HIV/AIDS, But Ray of Light in South Africa

Jon Cohen
Science 30 July 2010: 500-501.
At the 18th International AIDS Conference last week, the South African government—which from 1999 to 2008 had a president who questioned whether HIV even caused disease and a health minister who advocated lemons and garlic for treatment—declared that "Today, we are guided by science." Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 30 July 2010: 501.
ScienceNOW reported this week that a bacterium can bring leaves back from the dead; astronomers have vetted a new method for finding habitable planets—by testing it on Earth; and "locked-in" patients can communicate with the outside world through sniffing, thanks to a new technology; among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 30 July 2010: 495.
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News Focus

Is Pharma Running Out of Brainy Ideas?

Greg Miller
Science 30 July 2010: 502-504.
Recent cutbacks raise concerns about the future of drug development for nervous system disorders. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Ecology
Europe Tries to Save Its Eels

Gretchen Vogel
Science 30 July 2010: 505-507.
New national efforts to save the European eel face political and scientific challenges. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Exploration
Making Smarter, Savvier Robots

Sam Kean
Science 30 July 2010: 508-509.
What machines of the future really need to learn, say experts who plan to have them explore the far reaches of the solar system, is more independent behavior. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Immigration Law Jeopardizes University Collaboration

José Antonio de la Peña, Meredith Hay, Carlos Arámburo de la Hoz, and Joaquin Ruiz
Science 30 July 2010: 511.
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 Graduate Education: The Future Is Now

William B. Russel and Suzanne Ortega
Science 30 July 2010: 511.
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 Sustainability: A Household Word

Jianguo Liu
Science 30 July 2010: 512.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 30 July 2010: 512.
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 Studies Support Probable Long-Term Safety of MRI

Scott K. Holland, Anna W. Byars, Elena Plante, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, Kim Dietrich, and Mekibib Altaye
Science 30 July 2010: 512-513.
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Books et al.

Science Policy
Trapped in the Lower Left Quadrant?

Michael Stampfer
Science 30 July 2010: 514-515.
Drawing heavily on his own experiences, Madsen discusses the development of the European Research Area and obstacles still facing efforts to create a "competitive knowledge-based economy." Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 30 July 2010: 514.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 23 July 2010. Summary »|  

Art Exhibition
Shared Resources

Andreas Keller
Science 30 July 2010: 515.
Thirty-seven artists from around the world use insects, bones, silkworm cocoons, and other natural materials to craft installations at the interface between art and science. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Essays on Science and Society

SPORE^* Series Winner
MIT OpenCourseWare: Unlocking Knowledge, Empowering Minds

Cecilia d'Oliveira, Stephen Carson, Kate James, and Jeff Lazarus
Science 30 July 2010: 525-526.
A collection of more than 2000 course syllabi, lecture notes, assignments, and exams is provided free of charge. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Policy Forum

Health-Care Policy
To Reform U.S. Health Care, Start with Systematic Reviews

Kay Dickersin
Science 30 July 2010: 516-517.
Before initiating new research, a formal synthesis of currently available knowledge should determine whether it is necessary. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Genomics
E. coli, What a Noisy Bug

Sanjay Tyagi
Science 30 July 2010: 518-519.
Investigators detail striking genome-wide variation in gene expression between individual cells. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Planetary Science
Winds of Change on Titan

Ralph D. Lorenz
Science 30 July 2010: 519-520.
Periodic strong winds blowing opposite to the prevailing wind may explain the dune orientation on Titan. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Medicine
Reconstructing the Lung

William R. Wagner and Bartley P. Griffith
Science 30 July 2010: 520-522.
Engineering functional lung tissue on the structural scaffold of the native organ in rodents points to a possible strategy for lung regeneration. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Chemistry
Connecting Biomass and Petroleum Processing with a Chemical Bridge

Joseph J. Bozell
Science 30 July 2010: 522-523.
Biomass-derived sugars can be converted to fuels via conventional petrochemical processing. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Physics
An Atomic View of Quantum Phase Transitions

Brian DeMarco
Science 30 July 2010: 523-524.
The transformation of individual cold atoms between quantum phases has been imaged. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 30 July 2010: 527.
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Review

New Opportunities for an Ancient Material

Fiorenzo G. Omenetto and David L. Kaplan
Science 30 July 2010: 528-531.
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Brevia

Dopaminergic Network Differences in Human Impulsivity

Joshua W. Buckholtz, Michael T. Treadway, Ronald L. Cowan, Neil D. Woodward, Rui Li, M. Sib Ansari, Ronald M. Baldwin, Ashley N. Schwartzman, Evan S. Shelby, Clarence E. Smith, Robert M. Kessler, and David H. Zald
Science 30 July 2010: 532.
Highly impulsive individuals have diminished regulatory control of dopamine release. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Quantifying E. coli Proteome and Transcriptome with Single-Molecule Sensitivity in Single Cells

Yuichi Taniguchi, Paul J. Choi, Gene-Wei Li, Huiyi Chen, Mohan Babu, Jeremy Hearn, Andrew Emili, and X. Sunney Xie
Science 30 July 2010: 533-538.
Measurement of protein and messenger RNA copy numbers in single Escherichia coli cells gives a system-wide view of stochastic gene expression. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tissue-Engineered Lungs for in Vivo Implantation

Thomas H. Petersen, Elizabeth A. Calle, Liping Zhao, Eun Jung Lee, Liqiong Gui, MichaSam B. Raredon, Kseniya Gavrilov, Tai Yi, Zhen W. Zhuang, Christopher Breuer, Erica Herzog, and Laura E. Niklason
Science 30 July 2010: 538-541.
Published online 24 June 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1189345] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Decellularized rat lungs rebuilt with new cells in vitro can function at a rudimentary level when implanted back into a rat. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Single-Shot Readout of a Single Nuclear Spin

Philipp Neumann, Johannes Beck, Matthias Steiner, Florian Rempp, Helmut Fedder, Philip R. Hemmer, Jörg Wrachtrup, and Fedor Jelezko
Science 30 July 2010: 542-544.
Published online 1 July 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1189075] (in Science Express Reports)
The quantum state of a single nitrogen vacancy in diamond can be read out nondestructively in a single-shot measurement. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Strain-Induced Pseudo–Magnetic Fields Greater Than 300 Tesla in Graphene Nanobubbles

N. Levy, S. A. Burke, K. L. Meaker, M. Panlasigui, A. Zettl, F. Guinea, A. H. Castro Neto, and M. F. Crommie
Science 30 July 2010: 544-547.
Strain creates energy levels in graphene that are similar to those seen in very high applied magnetic fields. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Probing the Superfluid–to–Mott Insulator Transition at the Single-Atom Level

W. S. Bakr, A. Peng, M. E. Tai, R. Ma, J. Simon, J. I. Gillen, S. Fölling, L. Pollet, and M. Greiner
Science 30 July 2010: 547-550.
Published online 17 June 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1192368] (in Science Express Reports)
Imaging of atoms that were optically trapped in lattice sites reveals local dynamics of a quantum phase transition. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ultrathin PbS Sheets by Two-Dimensional Oriented Attachment

Constanze Schliehe, Beatriz H. Juarez, Marie Pelletier, Sebastian Jander, Denis Greshnykh, Mona Nagel, Andreas Meyer, Stephan Foerster, Andreas Kornowski, Christian Klinke, and Horst Weller
Science 30 July 2010: 550-553.
Self-assembled two-dimensional nanocrystals of lead sulfide have excellent photoconductive properties. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Steric Effects in the Chemisorption of Vibrationally Excited Methane on Ni(100)

Bruce L. Yoder, Régis Bisson, and Rainer D. Beck
Science 30 July 2010: 553-556.
The reaction underlying industrial hydrogen production depends subtly on the reagent’s orientation toward the catalyst. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Decrease in the CO₂ Uptake Capacity in an Ice-Free Arctic Ocean Basin

Wei-Jun Cai, Liqi Chen, Baoshan Chen, Zhongyong Gao, Sang H. Lee, Jianfang Chen, Denis Pierrot, Kevin Sullivan, Yongchen Wang, Xinping Hu, Wei-Jen Huang, Yuanhui Zhang, Suqing Xu, Akihiko Murata, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, E. Peter Jones, and Haisheng Zhang
Science 30 July 2010: 556-559.
Published online 22 July 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1189338] (in Science Express Reports)
The current carbon dioxide levels in the Arctic Ocean basin will limit further uptake under ice-free conditions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Microbial Biosynthesis of Alkanes

Andreas Schirmer, Mathew A. Rude, Xuezhi Li, Emanuela Popova, and Stephen B. del Cardayre
Science 30 July 2010: 559-562.
Alkane biosynthesis genes were identified in cyanobacteria and engineered into Escherichia coli for recombinant hydrocarbon production. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Btbd7 Regulates Epithelial Cell Dynamics and Branching Morphogenesis

Tomohiro Onodera, Takayoshi Sakai, Jeff Chi-feng Hsu, Kazue Matsumoto, John A. Chiorini, and Kenneth M. Yamada
Science 30 July 2010: 562-565.
A regulatory gene suppresses cell adhesion and enhances cell motility to help form branched organs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Early Chordate Origins of the Vertebrate Second Heart Field

Alberto Stolfi, T. Blair Gainous, John J. Young, Alessandro Mori, Michael Levine, and Lionel Christiaen
Science 30 July 2010: 565-568.
The mammalian heart and pharyngeal muscles of tunicates may originate from the same precursor cells in a shared ancestor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Identification of a Cell of Origin for Human Prostate Cancer

Andrew S. Goldstein, Jiaoti Huang, Changyong Guo, Isla P. Garraway, and Owen N. Witte
Science 30 July 2010: 568-571.
A new experimental model identifies basal cells, rather than luminal cells, as the origin of prostate cancer. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Astrocytes Control Breathing Through pH-Dependent Release of ATP

Alexander V. Gourine, Vitaliy Kasymov, Nephtali Marina, Feige Tang, Melina F. Figueiredo, Samantha Lane, Anja G. Teschemacher, K. Michael Spyer, Karl Deisseroth, and Sergey Kasparov
Science 30 July 2010: 571-575.
Published online 15 July 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1190721] (in Science Express Reports)
Central nervous system glial cells are key players in the chemo-reflex essential for breathing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Patterns of Diversity in Marine Phytoplankton"

Jef Huisman
Science 30 July 2010: 512.
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Response to Comment on "Patterns of Diversity in Marine Phytoplankton"

Andrew D. Barton, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Glenn Flierl, Jason Bragg, and Michael J. Follows
Science 30 July 2010: 512.
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