Ardipithecus ramidus

 Light on the Origin of Man

Brooks Hanson
Science 2 October 2009: 60-61.
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Video: The Analysis of Ardipithecus ramidus--One of the Earliest Known Hominids

Science 2 October 2009: 60.
In this special video, Science presents Ardipithecus ramidus--the most detailed picture of early hominid life. Summary »|   Full Text »|  

Research Articles

Ardipithecus ramidus and the Paleobiology of Early Hominids

Tim D. White, Berhane Asfaw, Yonas Beyene, Yohannes Haile-Selassie, C. Owen Lovejoy, Gen Suwa, and Giday WoldeGabriel
Science 2 October 2009: 64, 75-86.
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The Geological, Isotopic, Botanical, Invertebrate, and Lower Vertebrate Surroundings of Ardipithecus ramidus

Giday WoldeGabriel, Stanley H. Ambrose, Doris Barboni, Raymonde Bonnefille, Laurent Bremond, Brian Currie, David DeGusta, William K. Hart, Alison M. Murray, Paul R. Renne, M. C. Jolly-Saad, Kathlyn M. Stewart, and Tim D. White
Science 2 October 2009: 65, 65e1-65e5.
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Taphonomic, Avian, and Small-Vertebrate Indicators of Ardipithecus ramidus Habitat

Antoine Louchart, Henry Wesselman, Robert J. Blumenschine, Leslea J. Hlusko, Jackson K. Njau, Michael T. Black, Mesfin Asnake, and Tim D. White
Science 2 October 2009: 66, 66e1-66e4.
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Macrovertebrate Paleontology and the Pliocene Habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus

Tim D. White, Stanley H. Ambrose, Gen Suwa, Denise F. Su, David DeGusta, Raymond L. Bernor, Jean-Renaud Boisserie, Michel Brunet, Eric Delson, Stephen Frost, Nuria Garcia, Ioannis X. Giaourtsakis, Yohannes Haile-Selassie, F. Clark Howell, Thomas Lehmann, Andossa Likius, Cesur Pehlevan, Haruo Saegusa, Gina Semprebon, Mark Teaford, and Elisabeth Vrba
Science 2 October 2009: 67, 87-93.
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The Ardipithecus ramidus Skull and Its Implications for Hominid Origins

Gen Suwa, Berhane Asfaw, Reiko T. Kono, Daisuke Kubo, C. Owen Lovejoy, and Tim D. White
Science 2 October 2009: 68, 68e1-68e7.
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Paleobiological Implications of the Ardipithecus ramidus Dentition

Gen Suwa, Reiko T. Kono, Scott W. Simpson, Berhane Asfaw, C. Owen Lovejoy, and Tim D. White
Science 2 October 2009: 69, 94-99.
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Careful Climbing in the Miocene: The Forelimbs of Ardipithecus ramidus and Humans Are Primitive

C. Owen Lovejoy, Scott W. Simpson, Tim D. White, Berhane Asfaw, and Gen Suwa
Science 2 October 2009: 70, 70e1-70e8.
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The Pelvis and Femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: The Emergence of Upright Walking

C. Owen Lovejoy, Gen Suwa, Linda Spurlock, Berhane Asfaw, and Tim D. White
Science 2 October 2009: 71, 71e1-71e6.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Author Summary »|  

Combining Prehension and Propulsion: The Foot of Ardipithecus ramidus

C. Owen Lovejoy, Bruce Latimer, Gen Suwa, Berhane Asfaw, and Tim D. White
Science 2 October 2009: 72, 72e1-72e8.
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The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes

C. Owen Lovejoy, Gen Suwa, Scott W. Simpson, Jay H. Matternes, and Tim D. White
Science 2 October 2009: 73, 100-106.
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Reexamining Human Origins in Light of Ardipithecus ramidus

C. Owen Lovejoy
Science 2 October 2009: 74, 74e1-74e8.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 2 October 2009: 13.
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Editorial:
Understanding Human Origins

Bruce Alberts
Science 2 October 2009: 17.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 2 October 2009: 19.
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Science Podcast

Science 2 October 2009: 157.
The show includes the most detailed snapshot of early hominid life, the origin of community structure, your letters to Science, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 2 October 2009: 157.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

HIV/AIDS Research
Surprising AIDS Vaccine Success Praised and Pondered

Jon Cohen
Science 2 October 2009: 26-27.
Last week, HIV/AIDS researchers reacted to the news that a large clinical trial of an AIDS vaccine worked—the first success in 2 decades of effort. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Space Science
Mars Mission Delayed as Mad Dash to Prep Probe Falls Short

Richard Stone
Science 2 October 2009: 27.
Russia and China postpone until 2011 a mission to send a pair of probes to Mars and Phobos, the larger of the two martian moons, and return samples from Phobos—the first such mission in more than 30 years. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Climate Change
What Happened to Global Warming? Scientists Say Just Wait a Bit

Richard A. Kerr
Science 2 October 2009: 28-29.
The blogosphere has been having a field day with global warming's apparent decade-long stagnation, but Climate researchers are beginning to answer back in their preferred venue, the peer-reviewed literature. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Biosecurity
Lawmakers Signal Tougher Controls on Pathogen Research

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 2 October 2009: 28-29.
Concerns over the security of new biocontainment labs that have sprung up around the United States since the 2001 anthrax letter attacks threaten to slow the booming biodefense industry. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 2 October 2009: 29.
ScienceInsider this week reported on a new graduate university in Saudi Arabia, a case involving fabricated data at Switzerland's top university, and Chinese President Hu Jintao at the U.N. General Assembly summit on climate change, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Forensic Science
Scientists Decry Isotope, DNA Testing of ‘Nationality’

John Travis
Science 2 October 2009: 30-31.
Scientists are greeting with dismay a project to use DNA and isotope analysis of tissue from asylum-seekers to evaluate their nationality and help decide who can enter the United Kingdom. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 2 October 2009: 31.
Highlights from ScienceNOW this week include the upside of recessions, evolution's move forward, coyotes mating with wolves, and taking the tally of curious triangles. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 2 October 2009: 25.
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News Focus

Origins
On the Origin of Ecological Structure

Erik Stokstad
Science 2 October 2009: 33-35.
What dictates the kinds and proportions of organisms in a community? In the 10th essay in Science's series in honor of the Year of Darwin, Erik Stokstad explores the question of the relative importance of the various forces that act on a biological community. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Ardipithecus ramidus
A New Kind of Ancestor: Ardipithecus Unveiled

Ann Gibbons
Science 2 October 2009: 36-40.
In this special issue of Science, the oldest known hominin skeleton, Ardipithecus ramidus, reveals the upright origins of humankind Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Feature »|  

Ardipithecus ramidus
Habitat for Humanity

Ann Gibbons
Science 2 October 2009: 40.
Heaps of sediment are all that's left behind from a fossil-mining operation in Aramis, Ethiopia, that yielded one of the most important fossils in human evolution, as well as thousands of clues to its ecology and environment. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Ardipithecus ramidus
The View From Afar

Ann Gibbons
Science 2 October 2009: 41-43.
How do you find priceless hominin fossils in a hostile desert? Build a strong team and obsess over the details Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Think Big, Eat Small

Eric Dewailly and Philippe Rouja
Science 2 October 2009: 44.
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 Public Trust Doctrine: Too Limited

Robin Kundis Craig
Science 2 October 2009: 44.
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 Public Trust Doctrine: Too Broad

F. E. Guerra-Pujol
Science 2 October 2009: 44-45.
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 Public Trust Doctrine: In Need of Integration

Michelle E. Portman
Science 2 October 2009: 45.
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 Response--Public Trust Doctrine

Mary Turnipseed, Larry B. Crowder, Raphael D. Sagarin, and Stephen E. Roady
Science 2 October 2009: 45-46.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 2 October 2009: 46.
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Books et al.

Social Sciences
A Plunge into Networks

David Krackhardt
Science 2 October 2009: 47-48.
Drawing on models, techniques, and findings from sociology, physics, mathematics, and computer science, Jackson provides a foundation for analyzing and understanding social and economic networks. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Environment
What Powers Have Words?

Greg Garrard
Science 2 October 2009: 48.
In this combination of anthology and commentary, Felstiner argues that poetic language effectively leads people to appreciate nature, recognize the imperiled state of the environment, and take steps toward better stewardship of the world. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Poetry
Influenced by Darwin

Sherman J. Suter
Science 2 October 2009: 49.
Three of the poems read by their authors in the Darwin and Poetry session at Cambridge's Darwin Festival. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 2 October 2009: 49.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 25 September 2009. Summary »|  

Policy Forum

Public Health
Rethinking Influenza

Rino Rappuoli, Giuseppe Del Giudice, Gary J. Nabel, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Robin Robinson, David Salisbury, Klaus Stöhr, and John J. Treanor
Science 2 October 2009: 50.
We have already learned a great deal about fighting influenza, but we need to move from a reactive to a proactive and sustainable stance. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Paleontology
Pushing Back Amber Production

David Grimaldi
Science 2 October 2009: 51-52.
Amber from 320 million years ago is surprisingly similar to that formed much later by resins from flowering plants. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Materials Science
Poison-Tolerant Fuel Cells

J. R. Selman
Science 2 October 2009: 52-53.
Alternatives to nickel-based electrocatalysts are being pursued to circumvent the problems contributing to the performance degradation of high-temperature fuel cells. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Philosophy of Science
The Coordinates of Truth

Gary J. Nabel
Science 2 October 2009: 53-54.
What drives scientific discovery, and how can we make it happen more effectively? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Cell Signaling
Aging Is RSKy Business

Matt Kaeberlein and Pankaj Kapahi
Science 2 October 2009: 55-56.
Progress in defining a signaling pathway that controls mammalian life span raises the possibility of discovering treatments for aging-related diseases. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Atmosphere
Nitrous Oxide: No Laughing Matter

Donald J. Wuebbles
Science 2 October 2009: 56-57.
Rising atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide are contributing to global warming and stratospheric ozone destruction. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Cell Biology
A Revolving Door for Calcium

Nicolas Demaurex and Damon Poburko
Science 2 October 2009: 57-58.
A mitochondrial protein linked to seizures exchanges calcium and hydrogen ions, controlling cell respiration and calcium signaling. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

Quantum Simulators

Iulia Buluta and Franco Nori
Science 2 October 2009: 108-111.
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Brevia

Global Surface Wave Tomography Using Seismic Hum

Kiwamu Nishida, Jean-Paul Montagner, and Hitoshi Kawakatsu
Science 2 October 2009: 112.
Long-period surface waves from oceanic or atmospheric disturbances can be used for seismic mapping of the upper mantle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Fluxonium: Single Cooper-Pair Circuit Free of Charge Offsets

Vladimir E. Manucharyan, Jens Koch, Leonid I. Glazman, and Michel H. Devoret
Science 2 October 2009: 113-116.
Circuit engineering was used to mitigate the effects of quantum noise in superconducting quantum circuits. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Preferential Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Metallic Conductivity

Avetik R. Harutyunyan, Gugang Chen, Tereza M. Paronyan, Elena M. Pigos, Oleg A. Kuznetsov, Kapila Hewaparakrama, Seung Min Kim, Dmitri Zakharov, Eric A. Stach, and Gamini U. Sumanasekera
Science 2 October 2009: 116-120.
Reaction conditions that alter catalyst particles can bias the chirality and electronic properties of nanotube products. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Chiral Organic Ion Pair Catalysts Assembled Through a Hydrogen-Bonding Network

Daisuke Uraguchi, Yusuke Ueki, and Takashi Ooi
Science 2 October 2009: 120-123.
Published online 27 August 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176758] (in Science Express Reports)
A small cluster of hydrogen-bonded molecules acts as a highly selective asymmetric catalyst. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nitrous Oxide (N₂O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century

A. R. Ravishankara, John S. Daniel, and Robert W. Portmann
Science 2 October 2009: 123-125.
Published online 27 August 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176985] (in Science Express Reports)
Nitrous oxide causes more stratospheric ozone destruction than any other ozone-depleting substance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Enhanced Sulfur and Coking Tolerance of a Mixed Ion Conductor for SOFCs: BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.2–xYb_xO_3–

Lei Yang, Shizhong Wang, Kevin Blinn, Mingfei Liu, Ze Liu, Zhe Cheng, and Meilin Liu
Science 2 October 2009: 126-129.
A barium zirconate-cerate doped with yttrium and ytterbium can transport both protons and oxygen ions at high temperatures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid Resurgence of Marine Productivity After the Cretaceous-Paleogene Mass Extinction

Julio Sepúlveda, Jens E. Wendler, Roger E. Summons, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
Science 2 October 2009: 129-132.
Preserved lipids imply that primary production recovered perhaps within 50 years of the end-Cretaceous extinction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Identification of Carboniferous (320 Million Years Old) Class Ic Amber

P. Sargent Bray and Ken B. Anderson
Science 2 October 2009: 132-134.
Carboniferous amber has a chemistry similar to that of amber from angiosperms that evolved about 150 million years later. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Immune Activation by Life-Shortening Wolbachia and Reduced Filarial Competence in Mosquitoes

Zakaria Kambris, Peter E. Cook, Hoang K. Phuc, and Steven P. Sinkins
Science 2 October 2009: 134-136.
A bacterial infection in mosquitoes impairs their capacity to transmit human pathogens. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genetic Discontinuity Between Local Hunter-Gatherers and Central Europe’s First Farmers

B. Bramanti, M. G. Thomas, W. Haak, M. Unterlaender, P. Jores, K. Tambets, I. Antanaitis-Jacobs, M. N. Haidle, R. Jankauskas, C.-J. Kind, F. Lueth, T. Terberger, J. Hiller, S. Matsumura, P. Forster, and J. Burger
Science 2 October 2009: 137-140.
Published online 3 September 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176869] (in Science Express Reports)
Skeletal DNA shows the relationship between Ice Age hunter-gatherers, the first farmers, and modern Europeans. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 Signaling Regulates Mammalian Life Span

Colin Selman, Jennifer M. A. Tullet, Daniela Wieser, Elaine Irvine, Steven J. Lingard, Agharul I. Choudhury, Marc Claret, Hind Al-Qassab, Danielle Carmignac, Faruk Ramadani, Angela Woods, Iain C. A. Robinson, Eugene Schuster, Rachel L. Batterham, Sara C. Kozma, George Thomas, David Carling, Klaus Okkenhaug, Janet M. Thornton, Linda Partridge, David Gems, and Dominic J. Withers
Science 2 October 2009: 140-144.
A signaling pathway in mice mediates the effects of caloric restriction that protect against age-related diseases. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies Letm1 as a Mitochondrial Ca²⁺/H⁺ Antiporter

Dawei Jiang, Linlin Zhao, and David E. Clapham
Science 2 October 2009: 144-147.
A nuclear-encoded protein is responsible for the uptake of calcium and the export of protons across the mitochondrial membrane. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Resistance to Malaria Parasites in Anopheles gambiae

Stephanie A. Blandin, Rui Wang-Sattler, Marina Lamacchia, Julien Gagneur, Gareth Lycett, Ye Ning, Elena A. Levashina, and Lars M. Steinmetz
Science 2 October 2009: 147-150.
Genome-wide mapping reveals the molecular basis of phenotypic variation in resistance to Plasmodium in mosquitoes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coat Variation in the Domestic Dog Is Governed by Variants in Three Genes

Edouard Cadieu, Mark W. Neff, Pascale Quignon, Kari Walsh, Kevin Chase, Heidi G. Parker, Bridgett M. VonHoldt, Alison Rhue, Adam Boyko, Alexandra Byers, Aaron Wong, Dana S. Mosher, Abdel G. Elkahloun, Tyrone C. Spady, Catherine André, K. Gordon Lark, Michelle Cargill, Carlos D. Bustamante, Robert K. Wayne, and Elaine A. Ostrander
Science 2 October 2009: 150-153.
Published online 27 August 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1177808] (in Science Express Reports)
Huge variations in the coats of purebred dogs can be explained by the combinatorial effects of only three genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

JAK-STAT Signal Inhibition Regulates Competition in the Drosophila Testis Stem Cell Niche

Melanie Issigonis, Natalia Tulina, Margaret de Cuevas, Crista Brawley, Laurel Sandler, and Erika Matunis
Science 2 October 2009: 153-156.
Suppression of transcription signaling in somatic stem cells prevents them from out-competing neighboring germline stem cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|