This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 28 August 2009: 1043.
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Editorial:
Great Teachers for STEM

Maxine Singer
Science 28 August 2009: 1047.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 28 August 2009: 1048.
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Science Podcast

Science 28 August 2009: 1147.
The show includes global ozone depletion by nitrous oxide, dogs as a behavioral science model, your Letters to Science, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 28 August 2009: 1147.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

Human Genetics
Cash-Starved deCODE Is Looking For a Rescuer for Its Biobank

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 28 August 2009: 1054.
Iceland's deCODE Genetics announced earlier this month that it has enough cash to keep going for only a few more weeks. Halting its research efforts would bring to an end a remarkably productive run in the search for genes underlying common diseases. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

China
Confronting a Toxic Blowback From the Electronics Trade

Richard Stone
Science 28 August 2009: 1055.
The processing of electronic waste in China may create problems that dwarf other cases of environmental contamination, scientists argued at a symposium on flame-retardants in Beijing on 22 August. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Engineering Education
Changes at Berkeley Raise Fears of Shrinking Commitment to Diversity

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 28 August 2009: 1057.
A standalone center for underrepresented minorities and women engineering students at the University of California, Berkeley, has been merged into a larger student services office, raising questions about the school's commitment to diversity. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Insect Genetics
Sequencing 40 Silkworm Genomes Unravels History of Cultivation

Dennis Normile
Science 28 August 2009: 1058-1059.
In a paper published online this week by Science, a research team of primarily Chinese scientists reports on the use of modern genomic analyses to probe the domestication of the silkworm. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Climate Change
Joining Forces to Pump Up a Variable Sun's Climate Effects

Richard A. Kerr
Science 28 August 2009: 1058-1059.
A new computer model might reveal how sea and air currents amplify small changes in the sun's output into major swings in global climate. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 28 August 2009: 1059.
Highlights from Science's online daily news site, ScienceNOW, this week reveal that people walk in circles when lost, lightning can travel up, paleontologists discovered a runway used by the flying pterosaur, and astronomers may have finally discovered how spiral galaxies form. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Newsmaker Interview
Warning: Don't Let Your Elders Brainwash You

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 28 August 2009: 1060.
Catherine Cesarsky, the departing president of the International Astronomical Union, warns against the dangers of excessive planning in astronomy. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Nuclear Transplantation
Researchers Prevent Inheritance of Faulty Mitochondria in Monkeys

Sam Kean
Science 28 August 2009: 1061.
Shoukhrat Mitalipov and colleagues at the Oregon Health and Science University near Portland have achieved a technical feat in monkey cells that could lead to new methods for preventing the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 28 August 2009: 1061.
ScienceInsider this week reported on the University of California's ever-evolving budget plans, the unpredictable behavior of the novel H1N1 virus, the departure of two dozen pathologists from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, and other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 28 August 2009: 1053.
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News Focus

Animal Behavior
Going to the Dogs

Virginia Morell
Science 28 August 2009: 1062-1065.
Cognitive scientists once spurned the dog as too domesticated to study. But now many are leaping at the chance to use man's best friend to help understand how social cognition evolved. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Particle Physics
The Large Hadron Collider Redux: Hoping for a Long, Hard Slog

Adrian Cho
Science 28 August 2009: 1067-1069.
As they prepare to restart the Large Hadron Collider, accelerator physicists are confident that, instead of suffering a second catastrophic breakdown, the world's largest atom smasher will perform to the standards set by its predecessors—and give them lots of smaller headaches to struggle with. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Particle Physics
How to Make a Collider

Adrian Cho
Science 28 August 2009: 1069.
A synchrotron circulates particles in one direction, so it takes some extra work to make one into a collider. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Influenza: Accounting for Prior Immunity

James M. McCaw, Jodie McVernon, Emma S. McBryde, and John D. Mathews
Science 28 August 2009: 1071.
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 Influenza: H1N1 Goes to School

Bev Paterson, David N. Durrheim, and Frank Tuyl
Science 28 August 2009: 1071-1072.
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 Influenza: Making Privileged Data Public

Christopher E. Ormsby and Gustavo Reyes-Terán
Science 28 August 2009: 1072.
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 Response—Influenza

Christophe Fraser, Christl A. Donnelly, Simon Cauchemez, William P. Hanage, Maria D. van Kerkhove, T. Déirdre Hollingsworth, Jamie Griffin, Rebecca F. Baggaley, Helen E. Jenkins, Emily J. Lyons, Thibaut Jombart, Wes R. Hinsley, Nicholas C. Grassly, Francois Balloux, Azra C. Ghani, Andrew Rambaut, and Neil M. Ferguson
Science 28 August 2009: 1072-1073.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 28 August 2009: 1072.
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Books et al.

Paleontology
Much Hype and Many Errors

Richard F. Kay
Science 28 August 2009: 1074-1075.
This account of Darwinius masillae, its discovery, and its importance was rushed into print as part of the hype surrounding the public announcement of the work. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Risk Analysis
Five "Easy" Questions

Garry D. Brewer
Science 28 August 2009: 1075-1076.
This NRC report suggests approaches to overcoming obstacles to effective risk assessment such as lengthy delays in evaluating complex problems, substantial uncertainties that arise from the lack of data, the backlog of chemicals that have not been evaluated, and the continuing development of new materials requiring study. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Browsings

Science 28 August 2009: 1075.
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Books Received

Science 28 August 2009: 1075.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 21 August 2009. Summary »|  

Education Forum

Science Education
Introducing Modern Science into Schools

Julia Willingale-Theune, Alexandra Manaia, Philipp Gebhardt, Rossana De Lorenzi, and Matthias Haury
Science 28 August 2009: 1077-1078.
A multinational research institution provides advanced training to help high-school teachers bring inquiry into the classroom. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Perspectives

Paleontology
Flourishing After the End-Permian Mass Extinction

Charles R. Marshall and David K. Jacobs
Science 28 August 2009: 1079-1080.
Cephalopods, which live in the water column, recovered much faster from the end-Permian mass extinction than did bottom-dwelling fauna. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Physics
Chasing Arcs in Cuprate Superconductors

Michael R. Norman
Science 28 August 2009: 1080-1081.
Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of cuprate superconductors clarify the origin of their unusual electronic structure. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Cell Biology
Using Taste to Clear the Air(ways)

Sue C. Kinnamon and Susan D. Reynolds
Science 28 August 2009: 1081-1082.
Cilia of epithelial cells in the human airway increase their beating frequency in response to compounds that are sensed through receptors for bitter compounds. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Cell Signaling
Blocking Akt-ivity

David F. Restuccia and Brian A. Hemmings
Science 28 August 2009: 1083-1084.
Inhibiting the addition of ubiquitin molecules to the enzyme AKT could improve the effects of anticancer drugs. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Physics
Coupling Strongly, Discretely

James Hone and Vikram V. Deshpande
Science 28 August 2009: 1084-1085.
Mechanical systems acting as electronic quantum dots can be tuned at the level of single electrons. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Atmosphere
Antarctica's Orbital Beat

Peter Huybers
Science 28 August 2009: 1085-1086.
What do Antarctic ice core records really record? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 28 August 2009: 1087.
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Review

Antibiotics for Emerging Pathogens

Michael A. Fischbach and Christopher T. Walsh
Science 28 August 2009: 1089-1093.
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Brevia

Gene-for-Gene Resistance in Striga-Cowpea Associations

Jianxiong Li and Michael P. Timko
Science 28 August 2009: 1094.
A gene thought to defend plants against infectious bacterial pathogens also supplies defense against a parasitic plant. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

On the Origin and Spread of an Adaptive Allele in Deer Mice

Catherine R. Linnen, Evan P. Kingsley, Jeffrey D. Jensen, and Hopi E. Hoekstra
Science 28 August 2009: 1095-1098.
The light coat-color variant in deer mice is a mutation selected for its adaptive value for living in sand hills. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Spectroscopic Fingerprint of Phase-Incoherent Superconductivity in the Underdoped Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈₊

Jhinhwan Lee, K. Fujita, A. R. Schmidt, Chung Koo Kim, H. Eisaki, S. Uchida, and J. C. Davis
Science 28 August 2009: 1099-1103.
Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals the pseudogap regime of the cuprates to be an incoherent d-wave superconductor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Strong Coupling Between Single-Electron Tunneling and Nanomechanical Motion

G. A. Steele, A. K. Hüttel, B. Witkamp, M. Poot, H. B. Meerwaldt, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and H. S. J. van der Zant
Science 28 August 2009: 1103-1107.
Published online 23 July 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176076] (in Science Express Reports)
Individual electrons tunneling onto and out of a carbon nanotube can be used to tune its oscillatory motion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coupling Mechanics to Charge Transport in Carbon Nanotube Mechanical Resonators

Benjamin Lassagne, Yury Tarakanov, Jari Kinaret, Daniel Garcia-Sanchez, and Adrian Bachtold
Science 28 August 2009: 1107-1110.
Published online 23 July 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1174290] (in Science Express Reports)
Individual electrons tunneling onto and out of a carbon nanotube can be used to tune its oscillatory motion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Chemical Structure of a Molecule Resolved by Atomic Force Microscopy

Leo Gross, Fabian Mohn, Nikolaj Moll, Peter Liljeroth, and Gerhard Meyer
Science 28 August 2009: 1110-1114.
Derivitization of atomic force microscope tips with carbon monoxide molecules allows atoms to be resolved within adsorbed molecules. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Amplifying the Pacific Climate System Response to a Small 11-Year Solar Cycle Forcing

Gerald A. Meehl, Julie M. Arblaster, Katja Matthes, Fabrizio Sassi, and Harry van Loon
Science 28 August 2009: 1114-1118.
A combination of mechanisms explains the large response of sea surface temperatures caused by the 11-year solar cycle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Good Genes and Good Luck: Ammonoid Diversity and the End-Permian Mass Extinction

Arnaud Brayard, Gilles Escarguel, Hugo Bucher, Claude Monnet, Thomas Brühwiler, Nicolas Goudemand, Thomas Galfetti, and Jean Guex
Science 28 August 2009: 1118-1121.
In contrast to other groups, ammonoid diversity recovered within 1 million years of the end-Permian extinction to levels higher than before. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Enhancement of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by Ecological Restoration: A Meta-Analysis

José M. Rey Benayas, Adrian C. Newton, Anita Diaz, and James M. Bullock
Science 28 August 2009: 1121-1124.
Published online 30 July 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1172460] (in Science Express Reports)
Restoration, biodiversity, and ecosystem services are positively linked in a wide range of ecosystem types across the globe. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Unprecedented Restoration of a Native Oyster Metapopulation

David M. Schulte, Russell P. Burke, and Romuald N. Lipcius
Science 28 August 2009: 1124-1128.
Published online 30 July 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176516] (in Science Express Reports)
The height of oyster reefs above the river bed promotes their restoration in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Functional Characterization of the Antibiotic Resistance Reservoir in the Human Microflora

Morten O. A. Sommer, Gautam Dantas, and George M. Church
Science 28 August 2009: 1128-1131.
Large numbers of previously unidentified antibiotic resistance genes occur in gut bacteria. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Motile Cilia of Human Airway Epithelia Are Chemosensory

Alok S. Shah, Yehuda Ben-Shahar, Thomas O. Moninger, Joel N. Kline, and Michael J. Welsh
Science 28 August 2009: 1131-1134.
Published online 23 July 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1173869] (in Science Express Reports)
Airway epithelia directly sense and respond to noxious substances. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The E3 Ligase TRAF6 Regulates Akt Ubiquitination and Activation

Wei-Lei Yang, Jing Wang, Chia-Hsin Chan, Szu-Wei Lee, Alejandro D. Campos, Betty Lamothe, Lana Hur, Brian C. Grabiner, Xin Lin, Bryant G. Darnay, and Hui-Kuan Lin
Science 28 August 2009: 1134-1138.
Localization and activation of signaling proteins in cancer cells are controlled by ubiquitin labeling. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

SDH5, a Gene Required for Flavination of Succinate Dehydrogenase, Is Mutated in Paraganglioma

Huai-Xiang Hao, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Margit Schraders, Noah Dephoure, Jean-Pierre Bayley, Henricus Kunst, Peter Devilee, Cor W. R. J. Cremers, Joshua D. Schiffman, Brandon G. Bentz, Steven P. Gygi, Dennis R. Winge, Hannie Kremer, and Jared Rutter
Science 28 August 2009: 1139-1142.
Published online 23 July 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1175689] (in Science Express Reports)
Analysis of a yeast mitochondrial protein reveals a human tumor susceptibility gene. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Eos Mediates Foxp3-Dependent Gene Silencing in CD4⁺ Regulatory T Cells

Fan Pan, Hong Yu, Eric V. Dang, Joseph Barbi, Xiaoyu Pan, Joseph F. Grosso, Dinili Jinasena, Sudarshana M. Sharma, Erin M. McCadden, Derese Getnet, Charles G. Drake, Jun O. Liu, Michael C. Ostrowski, and Drew M. Pardoll
Science 28 August 2009: 1142-1146.
Published online 20 August 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176077] (in Science Express Reports)
A transcription factor required for gene suppression in regulatory T cells is identified. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Floral Iridescence, Produced by Diffractive Optics, Acts As a Cue for Animal Pollinators"

Nathan I. Morehouse and Ronald L. Rutowski
Science 28 August 2009: 1072.
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Response to Comment on "Floral Iridescence, Produced by Diffractive Optics, Acts As a Cue for Animal Pollinators"

Heather M. Whitney, Mathias Kolle, Piers Andrew, Lars Chittka, Ullrich Steiner, and Beverley J. Glover
Science 28 August 2009: 1072.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|