This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 13 February 2009: 849.
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Editorial:
Presidents Who Value Science

James J. McCarthy
Science 13 February 2009: 853.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 13 February 2009: 854.
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Science Podcast

Science 13 February 2009: 954.
Summary: The 13 February 2009 show includes how toddler gesturing may improve children's vocabulary, a new global view of the Moon, an update on the Neandertal genome, and more. Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 13 February 2009: 954.
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News of the Week

PUBLIC HEALTH: International Groups Battle Cholera in Zimbabwe

Robert Koenig
Science 13 February 2009: 860-861.
Summary: An outbreak of cholera in Zimbabwe has crossed the country's borders and is creating "an extraordinary public health crisis," outside experts say. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIODEFENSE: Army Halts Work at Lab After Finding Untracked Material

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 13 February 2009: 861.
Summary: The U.S. Army has halted work at its largest biodefense lab after inspectors found four vials of a deadly pathogen that were not listed in the lab's electronic database. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

FORENSIC SCIENCE: Journal Flinches as Article on Voice Analyzer Sparks Lawsuit Threat

Adrian Cho
Science 13 February 2009: 863.
Summary: A company claiming that a journal article criticizing their voice-analyzer technology was defamatory got the journal to pull the article from its Web site after threatening a lawsuit. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOCHEMISTRY: Taking Stock of A Cell's Protein Production

Robert F. Service
Science 13 February 2009: 864.
Summary: In a paper published online by Science this week, researchers report a new technique that takes a snapshot of a cell's protein production—information that could offer insights into a wide range of diseases and into the earliest stages in the development of life. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOMARKERS: Metabolite in Urine May Point To High-Risk Prostate Cancer

Jennifer Couzin
Science 13 February 2009: 865.
Summary: Researchers at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, have identified a metabolite in urine that they hope can be used to identify invasive prostate cancer at an early stage. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENCE INSIDER: From the Science Policy Blog

Science 13 February 2009: 865.
Summary: The Science news staff offers some highlights from its policy blog, ScienceInsider. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 13 February 2009: 857.
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Newsmakers

Science 13 February 2009: 859.
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News Focus

NEANDERTAL GENOMICS: Tales of a Prehistoric Human Genome

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 13 February 2009: 866-871.
Summary: After a mad scramble, researchers have completed a rough draft of a female Neandertal genome, which will offer a new view of Homo sapiens as well as our extinct cousins. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

NEANDERTAL GENOMICS: Wanted: Clean Neandertal DNA

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 13 February 2009: 868.
Summary: Now that one group has finished a rough draft of the genome, other groups are working to remain in the Neandertal sequencing game—but first they need to find well-preserved Neandertal DNA. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEANDERTAL GENOMICS: A Neandertal Primer

Michael Balter
Science 13 February 2009: 870.
Summary: The rough draft of the Neandertal nuclear genome may usher in a brave new world of research on these extinct humans, but after 150 years of study, we already know a few things about them. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PLANETARY SCIENCE: Phoenix Rose Again, But Not All Worked Out as Planned

Richard A. Kerr
Science 13 February 2009: 872-873.
Summary: For better and for worse, Phoenix often wandered from its scripted mission on Mars, but there was some groundbreaking science behind the often distracting headlines. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

JOINT MATHEMATICS MEETINGS: Can Mathematics Map the Way Toward Less-Bizarre Elections?

Barry Cipra
Science 13 February 2009: 874.
Summary: At the Joint Mathematics Meetings, speakers discussed ideas ranging from pie-in-the-sky theoretical to crust-on-the-ground practical for dealing with the perennially fraught issue of deciding which voters get to reelect which members of the various legislative bodies. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

JOINT MATHEMATICS MEETINGS: Taking a Cue From Infinite Kinkiness

Barry Cipra
Science 13 February 2009: 874-875.
Summary: Mathematicians explored the mathematics of fractal billiards, in which a point-mass cue ball rattles around inside a shape whose boundary seemingly consists of nothing but corners, at the Joint Mathematics Meetings. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

JOINT MATHEMATICS MEETINGS: The Joys of Longer Hangovers

Barry Cipra
Science 13 February 2009: 875.
Summary: Mathematicians at the Joint Mathematics Meetings showed a better way to get an overhang with a large set of bricks by translating the problem of stacking bricks into a problem about random walks. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Robot Rights

Shesen Guo and Ganzhou Zhang
Science 13 February 2009: 876.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Adapting to Climate Change

Craig E. Franklin, Frank Seebacher;, Hans O. Pörtner, Anthony P. Farrell, Rainer Knust, Gisela Lannig, Felix C. Mark, and Daniela Storch
Science 13 February 2009: 876-877.
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 Social Science Evolves to Include Biology

David P. Barash
Science 13 February 2009: 877.
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 LIFE IN SCIENCE: No Restroom for the Weary

Katsuyuki Sakai
Science 13 February 2009: 877.
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Books et al.

NEUROSCIENCE: Singing in the Brain

Lucie H. Salwiczek
Science 13 February 2009: 878.
Summary: The contributors offer advanced graduates and researchers a thorough survey of our current understanding of birdsong neurobiology. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

EARTH SCIENCES: Bounties from Biomarkers

Katherine H. Freeman
Science 13 February 2009: 879.
Summary: Writing for the interested nonspecialist, the authors interweave an account of the development of biomarker research and sketches of what these fossil organic molecules tell us about the histories of Earth and life. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 13 February 2009: 879.
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Policy Forum

ECOLOGY: Should Whales Be Culled to Increase Fishery Yield?

Leah R. Gerber, Lyne Morissette, Kristin Kaschner, and Daniel Pauly
Science 13 February 2009: 880-881.
Summary: We examine the scientific evidence for the assertion that commercial fisheries are negatively impacted by whales in tropical breeding areas. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Perspectives

GEOCHEMISTRY: Probes of the Ancient and the Inaccessible

Franck Poitrasson
Science 13 February 2009: 882-883.
Summary: Iron isotopes may be witnesses of the interplanetary impact that formed the Moon or probes of processes occurring at Earth's core-mantle interface. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CELL BIOLOGY: The ABCs of Lipophile Transport

Timothy Hla and Dong-Soon Im
Science 13 February 2009: 883-884.
Summary: Proteins pump lipophilic molecules out of cells, establishing gradients that guide cell movement during development. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

VIROLOGY: Making Nice with Viruses

Donald B. Stoltz and James B. Whitfield
Science 13 February 2009: 884-885.
Summary: Genomics reveals the origin of a polydnavirus lineage and a new way for viruses and their hosts to live together. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PLANETARY SCIENCE: Seeing the Missing Half

Gregory A. Neumann and Erwan Mazarico
Science 13 February 2009: 885-887.
Summary: Results from the Japanese SELENE mission shed light on differences between the far and nearsides of the Moon. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

CLIMATE CHANGE: Sentinels of Change

Craig E. Williamson, Jasmine E. Saros, and David W. Schindler
Science 13 February 2009: 887-888.
Summary: Lakes and reservoirs provide key insights into the effects and mechanisms of climate change. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSICS: Fast Electrons Tie Quantum Knots

Jan Zaanen
Science 13 February 2009: 888-890.
Summary: Special relativity and quantum physics combine to generate unusual arrangements of electron spins in two different solids. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROSCIENCE: Pains and Pleasures of Social Life

Matthew D. Lieberman and Naomi I. Eisenberger
Science 13 February 2009: 890-891.
Summary: Analyses of brain activity reveal a link between social and physical pains and pleasures. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

Network Analysis in the Social Sciences

Stephen P. Borgatti, Ajay Mehra, Daniel J. Brass, and Giuseppe Labianca
Science 13 February 2009: 892-895.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Tracking Long-Distance Songbird Migration by Using Geolocators

Bridget J. M. Stutchbury, Scott A. Tarof, Tyler Done, Elizabeth Gow, Patrick M. Kramer, John Tautin, James W. Fox, and Vsevolod Afanasyev
Science 13 February 2009: 896.
Miniature recorders mounted on purple martins and wood thrush allow mapping of migration routes between North America and the Neotropics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Lunar Global Shape and Polar Topography Derived from Kaguya-LALT Laser Altimetry

H. Araki, S. Tazawa, H. Noda, Y. Ishihara, S. Goossens, S. Sasaki, N. Kawano, I. Kamiya, H. Otake, J. Oberst, and C. Shum
Science 13 February 2009: 897-900.
An analysis of lunar high-resolution topographic data helps explain how surface features are supported by the lithosphere. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Farside Gravity Field of the Moon from Four-Way Doppler Measurements of SELENE (Kaguya)

Noriyuki Namiki, Takahiro Iwata, Koji Matsumoto, Hideo Hanada, Hirotomo Noda, Sander Goossens, Mina Ogawa, Nobuyuki Kawano, Kazuyoshi Asari, Sei-itsu Tsuruta, Yoshiaki Ishihara, Qinghui Liu, Fuyuhiko Kikuchi, Toshiaki Ishikawa, Sho Sasaki, Chiaki Aoshima, Kosuke Kurosawa, Seiji Sugita, and Tadashi Takano
Science 13 February 2009: 900-905.
A gravity field model reveals differences in the lithosphere between the Moon's far- and nearsides. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Long-Lived Volcanism on the Lunar Farside Revealed by SELENE Terrain Camera

Junichi Haruyama, Makiko Ohtake, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Tomokatsu Morota, Chikatoshi Honda, Yasuhiro Yokota, Masanao Abe, Yoshiko Ogawa, Hideaki Miyamoto, Akira Iwasaki, Carle M. Pieters, Noriaki Asada, Hirohide Demura, Naru Hirata, Junya Terazono, Sho Sasaki, Kazuto Saiki, Atsushi Yamaji, Masaya Torii, and Jean-Luc Josset
Science 13 February 2009: 905-908.
Published online 6 November 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1163382] (in Science Express Reports)
Images of the Moon by the SELENE spacecraft and revised dates of lava flows by crater counts imply that episodic volcanism on the farside lasted to 2.5 billion years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Lunar Radar Sounder Observations of Subsurface Layers Under the Nearside Maria of the Moon

Takayuki Ono, Atsushi Kumamoto, Hiromu Nakagawa, Yasushi Yamaguchi, Shoko Oshigami, Atsushi Yamaji, Takao Kobayashi, Yoshiya Kasahara, and Hiroshi Oya
Science 13 February 2009: 909-912.
A period of reduced volcanism may account for extensive regions of radar-reflective minerals that underlie some major lunar basalt flows. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Equilibrium Iron Isotope Fractionation at Core-Mantle Boundary Conditions

Veniamin B. Polyakov
Science 13 February 2009: 912-914.
Calculated iron fractionation factors at high pressures may explain the different isotopic values found for Earth, Mars, and meteorites. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet

S. Mühlbauer, B. Binz, F. Jonietz, C. Pfleiderer, A. Rosch, A. Neubauer, R. Georgii, and P. Böni
Science 13 February 2009: 915-919.
Magnetic ordering arises from a repeating network of spins caught in a spiral vortex structure. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Observation of Unconventional Quantum Spin Textures in Topological Insulators

D. Hsieh, Y. Xia, L. Wray, D. Qian, A. Pal, J. H. Dil, J. Osterwalder, F. Meier, G. Bihlmayer, C. L. Kane, Y. S. Hor, R. J. Cava, and M. Z. Hasan
Science 13 February 2009: 919-922.
Spin imaging reveals an insulating state that results from the entanglement of a macroscopic number of spins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coherence Factors in a High-T_c Cuprate Probed by Quasi-Particle Scattering Off Vortices

T. Hanaguri, Y. Kohsaka, M. Ono, M. Maltseva, P. Coleman, I. Yamada, M. Azuma, M. Takano, K. Ohishi, and H. Takagi
Science 13 February 2009: 923-926.
Published online 22 January 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1166138] (in Science Express Reports)
The momentum-dependent coherence factors in a high-temperature superconductor are revealed by introducing magnetic vortices. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Polydnaviruses of Braconid Wasps Derive from an Ancestral Nudivirus

Annie Bézier, Marc Annaheim, Juline Herbinière, Christoph Wetterwald, Gabor Gyapay, Sylvie Bernard-Samain, Patrick Wincker, Isabel Roditi, Manfred Heller, Maya Belghazi, Rita Pfister-Wilhem, Georges Periquet, Catherine Dupuy, Elisabeth Huguet, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff, Beatrice Lanzrein, and Jean-Michel Drezen
Science 13 February 2009: 926-930.
Virus-like particles used by parasitic wasps to manipulate host defenses are encoded by virus-related genes incorporated into the wasp genome. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Effects of Genetic Perturbation on Seasonal Life History Plasticity

Amity M. Wilczek, Judith L. Roe, Mary C. Knapp, Martha D. Cooper, Cristina Lopez-Gallego, Laura J. Martin, Christopher D. Muir, Sheina Sim, Alexis Walker, Jillian Anderson, J. Franklin Egan, Brook T. Moyers, Renee Petipas, Antonis Giakountis, Erika Charbit, George Coupland, Stephen M. Welch, and Johanna Schmitt
Science 13 February 2009: 930-934.
Published online 15 January 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1165826] (in Science Express Reports)
Interactions among mutation, germination timing, and climate alter flowering patterns in Arabidopsis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Hallucinogen N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Is an Endogenous Sigma-1 Receptor Regulator

Dominique Fontanilla, Molly Johannessen, Abdol R. Hajipour, Nicholas V. Cozzi, Meyer B. Jackson, and Arnold E. Ruoho
Science 13 February 2009: 934-937.
An endogenous compound is a ligand for a ubiquitously expressed receptor that binds many synthetic drugs and has been implicated in psychiatric disease. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

When Your Gain Is My Pain and Your Pain Is My Gain: Neural Correlates of Envy and Schadenfreude

Hidehiko Takahashi, Motoichiro Kato, Masato Matsuura, Dean Mobbs, Tetsuya Suhara, and Yoshiro Okubo
Science 13 February 2009: 937-939.
Envy is strongest against those with similar attributes, and the most joy is gained from the pain of those envied the most. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Neural Mechanism for Microsaccade Generation in the Primate Superior Colliculus

Ziad M. Hafed, Laurent Goffart, and Richard J. Krauzlis
Science 13 February 2009: 940-943.
The same neural structure involved in voluntary fast eye movements controls small involuntary movements that occur during gaze fixation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An ABC Transporter Controls Export of a Drosophila Germ Cell Attractant

Sara Ricardo and Ruth Lehmann
Science 13 February 2009: 943-946.
Similar lipid modification and export pathways produce the attractants important in migration of budding yeast and fruit fly germ cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Orphan G Protein–Coupled Receptor 3 Modulates Amyloid-Beta Peptide Generation in Neurons

Amantha Thathiah, Kurt Spittaels, Marcel Hoffmann, Mik Staes, Adrian Cohen, Katrién Horré, Mieke Vanbrabant, Frea Coun, Veerle Baekelandt, André Delacourte, David F. Fischer, Dirk Pollet, Bart De Strooper, and Pascal Merchiers
Science 13 February 2009: 946-951.
A neuronal G protein-coupled receptor can stimulate the generation of the Aβ peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Differences in Early Gesture Explain SES Disparities in Child Vocabulary Size at School Entry

Meredith L. Rowe and Susan Goldin-Meadow
Science 13 February 2009: 951-953.
Pre-verbal communication through gestures can improve a child's vocabulary. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Dynamic Shifts of Limited Working Memory Resources in Human Vision"

Nelson Cowan and Jeffrey N. Rouder
Science 13 February 2009: 877.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Response to Comment on "Dynamic Shifts of Limited Working Memory Resources in Human Vision"

Paul M. Bays and Masud Husain
Science 13 February 2009: 877.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|