2008 Visualization Challenge

Jeff Nesbit and Monica Bradford
Science 26 September 2008: 1767.
Summary: This year's edition of the annual challenge drew 181 entries from 21 countries. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

2008 Visualization Challenge Winners

Rachel Zelkowitz
Science 26 September 2008: 1768.
Summary: Science and the National Science Foundation announce the winners and honorable mentions in the categories of photography, illustration, informational graphics, interactive media, and noninteractive media in this year's International Science & Engineering Visualization Challenge. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Slide Show »|  Contributor Lists »|  

This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 26 September 2008: 1737.
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Editorial:
If All You Do Is Vote ...

John Edward Porter
Science 26 September 2008: 1741.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 26 September 2008: 1742.
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Science Podcast

Science 26 September 2008: 1853.
Summary: The 26 September 2008 show includes Earth's potentially oldest rocks, science policy and the U.S. presidential election, this year's International Science & Engineering Visualization Challenge, and more. Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 26 September 2008: 1853.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

SCIENCE EDUCATION: Misjudged Talk Opens Creationist Rift at Royal Society

Daniel Clery
Science 26 September 2008: 1752-1753.
Summary: Last week, a talk titled "Should Creationism Be a Part of the Science Curriculum?" cost the speaker, Michael Reiss, his job as director of education at the Royal Society, Britain's academy of science. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PARTICLE PHYSICS: After Spectacular Start, the LHC Injures Itself

Adrian Cho
Science 26 September 2008: 1753.
Summary: Nine days after starting up without a hitch, an event known as a "quench" has damaged the Large Hadron Collider so severely that it will be out of action until next spring. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SPACE SCIENCE: Rising Costs Could Delay NASA's Next Mission to Mars and Future Launches

Andrew Lawler
Science 26 September 2008: 1754.
Summary: Faced with a dramatically higher price tag, NASA managers will decide next month whether to postpone the launch of a sophisticated Mars rover for 2 years. Pushing back the mission could delay or even force the cancellation of future missions. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GEOCHEMISTRY: Geologists Find Vestige of Early Earth--Maybe World's Oldest Rock

Richard A. Kerr
Science 26 September 2008: 1755.
Summary: On page 1828 of this week's issue of Science, geologists report the discovery of rock in northern Quebec on Hudson Bay that records the existence of the earliest crust. The Canadian rock may also be the oldest known rock by 300 million years. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

JOHN BEDDINGTON INTERVIEW: U.K. Science Adviser Makes His U.S. Debut

Daniel Clery
Science 26 September 2008: 1756-1757.
Summary: Last week, during his first visit to the United States as the U.K. government's chief scientific adviser, John Beddington sat down with Science's news editors to discuss topics as varied as food, fuel, and physics. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GEOPHYSICS: Solid Rock Imposes Its Will on a Core's Magnetic Dynamo

Richard A. Kerr
Science 26 September 2008: 1756-1757.
Summary: A secret to how the churning of the core's fluid iron generates a planet's magnetic field, according to two papers in this week's issue of Science (pp. 1800 and 1822), may lie in the far slower roiling of the solid rock overlying the core. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 26 September 2008: 1755.
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Random Samples

Science 26 September 2008: 1749.
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Newsmakers

Science 26 September 2008: 1751.
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News Focus

PROTEOMICS: Proteomics Ponders Prime Time

Robert F. Service
Science 26 September 2008: 1758-1761.
Summary: Improved technologies for tracking thousands of proteins at once have spawned talk of a full-scale project to reveal all the proteins in each tissue--but the price tag would be daunting. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PROTEOMICS: Will Biomarkers Take Off at Last?

Robert F. Service
Science 26 September 2008: 1760.
Summary: After years of disappointments, proteomics researchers say they're cautiously optimistic that they will be able to detect proteins that are markers for specific diseases. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ELECTION 2008: Scientists Strive for a Seat at the Table of Each Campaign

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 26 September 2008: 1762-1763.
Summary: When it comes to soliciting scientific advice, Barack Obama welcomes a cast of thousands, whereas John McCain plays it close to the vest. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

AGING: Searching for the Secrets of the Super Old

Mitch Leslie
Science 26 September 2008: 1764-1765.
Summary: More and more people are living past 110. Can they show us all how to age gracefully? Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Fixing the Leaky Faucet

Judy Illes
Science 26 September 2008: 1776.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Redefining Academic Success

Susan M. Fitzpatrick and John T. Bruer
Science 26 September 2008: 1776.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Caught in the Middle?

Sanjay S. P. Magavi
Science 26 September 2008: 1776.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Just Give Them Fellowships

Angelo P. Pernetta
Science 26 September 2008: 1776-1777.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Destabilizing the Pyramid Scheme

Duaine R. Jackola
Science 26 September 2008: 1777-1778.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Biotechnology Innovation in Africa

Eddy C. Agbo, Simon Agwale, Camellus O. Ezeugwu, Boitumelo Semete, Hulda Swai, Anthony Ikeme, and Richard I. Somiari
Science 26 September 2008: 1778.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 26 September 2008: 1778.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books et al.

ECONOMICS: For Equality, Education Matters

Thomas Lemieux
Science 26 September 2008: 1779.
Summary: The authors lay out an economic framework for thinking about how technological change and human capital accumulation interact to affect pay and inequality, which, they argue, provides a crucial perspective for understanding the evolution of the U.S. economy. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Regime Change in Scientific Depiction

Alan Richardson
Science 26 September 2008: 1780.
Summary: The authors explore changes in the meanings of objectivity through a consideration of images, in particular those from scientific atlases and reference books. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 26 September 2008: 1780.
Summary »|  

Education Forum

ASSESSMENT: School Performance Will Fail to Meet Legislated Benchmarks

M. J. Bryant, K. A. Hammond, K. M. Bocian, M. F. Rettig, C. A. Miller, and R. A. Cardullo
Science 26 September 2008: 1781-1782.
Summary: Federally mandated progress goals may translate into widespread failure of California elementary schools. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Perspectives

PHYSICS: For Quantum Information, Two Wrongs Can Make a Right

Jonathan Oppenheim
Science 26 September 2008: 1783-1784.
Summary: A channel too noisy to send quantum information can send secret messages, and, when combined with a similarly noisy channel, can reliably send quantum states. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PLANETARY SCIENCE: The Past Martian Dynamo

Benoit Langlais and Hagay Amit
Science 26 September 2008: 1784-1785.
Summary: Numerical dynamo modeling studies may explain the observation that strong magnetic fields are only found in Mars' southern hemisphere. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CANCER: The Metastasis Cascade

Christoph A. Klein
Science 26 September 2008: 1785-1787.
Summary: The view of evolution of tumor cells toward metastasis takes a new twist. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SOCIAL SCIENCE: Unlocking the Potential of the Spoken Word

Douglas W. Oard
Science 26 September 2008: 1787-1788.
Summary: Advances in speech processing may soon place speech and writing on a more equal footing, with broad implications for many aspects of society. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ECONOMICS: Can Neural Data Improve Economics?

Eric Maskin
Science 26 September 2008: 1788-1789.
Summary: Researchers are exploring how neurobiology can guide economic experiments and refine economic models. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CHEMISTRY: Nonlinear Thinking About Molecular Energy Transfer

Richard M. Stratt
Science 26 September 2008: 1789-1790.
Summary: Although solvent molecules move about randomly in a liquid, an experiment showed that changing their initial arrangement affected the rate of a chemical process. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 26 September 2008: 1792-1794.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

Assembling Materials with DNA as the Guide

Faisal A. Aldaye, Alison L. Palmer, and Hanadi F. Sleiman
Science 26 September 2008: 1795-1799.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Magnetic Source Separation in Earth's Outer Core

Kenneth A. Hoffman and Brad S. Singer
Science 26 September 2008: 1800.
Analysis of Earth's magnetic field as it has changed and reversed suggests that its dipole arises from a distinct part of the outer core than that of the rest of the field. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Core Signaling Pathways in Human Pancreatic Cancers Revealed by Global Genomic Analyses

Siân Jones, Xiaosong Zhang, D. Williams Parsons, Jimmy Cheng-Ho Lin, Rebecca J. Leary, Philipp Angenendt, Parminder Mankoo, Hannah Carter, Hirohiko Kamiyama, Antonio Jimeno, Seung-Mo Hong, Baojin Fu, Ming-Tseh Lin, Eric S. Calhoun, Mihoko Kamiyama, Kimberly Walter, Tatiana Nikolskaya, Yuri Nikolsky, James Hartigan, Douglas R. Smith, Manuel Hidalgo, Steven D. Leach, Alison P. Klein, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Michael Goggins, Anirban Maitra, Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue, James R. Eshleman, Scott E. Kern, Ralph H. Hruban, Rachel Karchin, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Giovanni Parmigiani, Bert Vogelstein, Victor E. Velculescu, and Kenneth W. Kinzler
Science 26 September 2008: 1801-1806.
Published online 4 September 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164368] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Sequencing of DNA mutations shows that the same 12 signaling pathways are disrupted in most pancreatic tumors, suggesting these as key to tumor development. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Integrated Genomic Analysis of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme

D. Williams Parsons, Siân Jones, Xiaosong Zhang, Jimmy Cheng-Ho Lin, Rebecca J. Leary, Philipp Angenendt, Parminder Mankoo, Hannah Carter, I-Mei Siu, Gary L. Gallia, Alessandro Olivi, Roger McLendon, B. Ahmed Rasheed, Stephen Keir, Tatiana Nikolskaya, Yuri Nikolsky, Dana A. Busam, Hanna Tekleab, Luis A. Diaz, Jr., James Hartigan, Doug R. Smith, Robert L. Strausberg, Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie, Sueli Mieko Oba Shinjo, Hai Yan, Gregory J. Riggins, Darell D. Bigner, Rachel Karchin, Nick Papadopoulos, Giovanni Parmigiani, Bert Vogelstein, Victor E. Velculescu, and Kenneth W. Kinzler
Science 26 September 2008: 1807-1812.
Published online 4 September 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164382] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Comprehensive analysis of mutations in a brain cancer identifies previously unidentified cancer genes and a frequently mutated protein that may serve as a therapeutic marker. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Quantum Communication with Zero-Capacity Channels

Graeme Smith and Jon Yard
Science 26 September 2008: 1812-1815.
Published online 21 August 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1162242] (in Science Express Reports)
Two quantum communication channels, each of which is so noisy that it has zero capacity to independently transmit information, can do so when used together. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Synthesis and Solid-State NMR Structural Characterization of ¹³C-Labeled Graphite Oxide

Weiwei Cai, Richard D. Piner, Frank J. Stadermann, Sungjin Park, Medhat A. Shaibat, Yoshitaka Ishii, Dongxing Yang, Aruna Velamakanni, Sung Jin An, Meryl Stoller, Jinho An, Dongmin Chen, and Rodney S. Ruoff
Science 26 September 2008: 1815-1817.
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of graphite oxide made with 100 percent carbon-13 reveals a complex bonding network involving several carbon species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Linear Response Breakdown in Solvation Dynamics Induced by Atomic Electron-Transfer Reactions

Arthur E. Bragg, Molly C. Cavanagh, and Benjamin J. Schwartz
Science 26 September 2008: 1817-1822.
A solvent equilibrates faster around a sodium-electron ion pair formed from Na⁺ than from Na^-, violating a widely used approximation for modeling solvent dynamics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mars' Paleomagnetic Field as the Result of a Single-Hemisphere Dynamo

Sabine Stanley, Linda Elkins-Tanton, Maria T. Zuber, and E. Marc Parmentier
Science 26 September 2008: 1822-1825.
A model of Mars' early magnetic field with a north-south gradient in heat flow from the core yields a strong field only in the south, explaining the relic magnetism in the crust. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Structure and Dynamics of Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems

D. Coumou, T. Driesner, and C. A. Heinrich
Science 26 September 2008: 1825-1828.
A three-dimensional model shows that mid-ocean hydrothermal systems self-organize into broad warm downflows feeding narrow, pipelike hot upflows. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Neodymium-142 Evidence for Hadean Mafic Crust

Jonathan O'Neil, Richard W. Carlson, Don Francis, and Ross K. Stevenson
Science 26 September 2008: 1828-1831.
An unusual isotopic anomaly in rocks along the Hudson Bay suggests that they formed 4.28 billion years ago and support early formation of a separate reservoir in Earth's mantle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Infants' Perseverative Search Errors Are Induced by Pragmatic Misinterpretation

József Topál, György Gergely, Ádám Miklósi, Ágnes Erdohegyi, and Gergely Csibra
Science 26 September 2008: 1831-1834.
Infants may make mistakes in certain tasks because of the powerful effects of social interaction with an adult, not because of brain immaturity as was previously assumed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Antigen Recognition by Variable Lymphocyte Receptors

Byung Woo Han, Brantley R. Herrin, Max D. Cooper, and Ian A. Wilson
Science 26 September 2008: 1834-1837.
The receptor that binds antigens in jawless vertebrates differs from the immunoglobulins of jawed vertebrates and uses a variable concave surface and Carboxyl terminal for recognition. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Disruption of the CFTR Gene Produces a Model of Cystic Fibrosis in Newborn Pigs

Christopher S. Rogers, David A. Stoltz, David K. Meyerholz, Lynda S. Ostedgaard, Tatiana Rokhlina, Peter J. Taft, Mark P. Rogan, Alejandro A. Pezzulo, Philip H. Karp, Omar A. Itani, Amanda C. Kabel, Christine L. Wohlford-Lenane, Greg J. Davis, Robert A. Hanfland, Tony L. Smith, Melissa Samuel, David Wax, Clifton N. Murphy, August Rieke, Kristin Whitworth, Aliye Uc, Timothy D. Starner, Kim A. Brogden, Joel Shilyansky, Paul B. McCray, Jr., Joseph Zabner, Randall S. Prather, and Michael J. Welsh
Science 26 September 2008: 1837-1841.
Newborn pigs carrying a mutated copy of the gene defective in cystic fibrosis exhibit many features of the human disease and may provide fresh insights for therapy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Seeding and Propagation of Untransformed Mouse Mammary Cells in the Lung

Katrina Podsypanina, Yi-Chieh Nancy Du, Martin Jechlinger, Levi J. Beverly, Dolores Hambardzumyan, and Harold Varmus
Science 26 September 2008: 1841-1844.
Published online 28 August 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1161621] (in Science Express Reports)
In mice, normal mammary cells can colonize the lung, suggesting that metastases might arise from displaced normal cells acquiring genetic changes that confer malignancy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Coevolution of Cultural Groups and Ingroup Favoritism

Charles Efferson, Rafael Lalive, and Ernst Fehr
Science 26 September 2008: 1844-1849.
Results of a laboratory game show that cultural groups and ingroup favoritism arise spontaneously when individuals display an external marker that predicts their actions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Understanding Overbidding: Using the Neural Circuitry of Reward to Design Economic Auctions

Mauricio R. Delgado, Andrew Schotter, Erkut Y. Ozbay, and Elizabeth A. Phelps
Science 26 September 2008: 1849-1852.
Brain areas sensitive to loss are selectively engaged during bidding in an auction, suggesting that the desire to avoid loss underlies the phenomenon of overbidding. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|