This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 19 September 2008: 1601.
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Editorial:
Scilence

Norman R. Augustine
Science 19 September 2008: 1605.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 19 September 2008: 1606.
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Science Podcast

Science 19 September 2008: 1699.
The 19 September 2008 show includes traces of the inner solar system from the Stardust mission, trust in the World Wide Web, a survey of Yale graduates, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 19 September 2008: 1699.
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News of the Week

MUSEUMS: California Academy Practices What It Preaches About Sustainable Living

Greg Miller
Science 19 September 2008: 1616-1617.
The new California Academy of Sciences building, which opens to the public 27 September, has eco-friendly features that are expected to qualify the museum as the largest public space in the world to earn the U.S. Green Building Council's highest rating for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MUSEUMS: Smithsonian Takes the Plunge With Ocean Exhibit

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 19 September 2008: 1617.
A new permanent exhibit opening next week at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History showcases the popular Washington, D.C., museum's expanding presence in marine research. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ECOLOGY: Privatization Prevents Collapse of Fish Stocks, Global Analysis Shows

Erik Stokstad
Science 19 September 2008: 1619.
On page 1678 of this week's issue of Science, a trio of researchers shows that stocks are much less likely to collapse if fishers own rights to fish them, called catch shares. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

EARTH MONITORING: Troubled U.S. Satellite Program Runs Into Additional Hurdles

Eli Kintisch
Science 19 September 2008: 1620.
Problems with a key sensor could further delay the first flight of a troubled $12.5 billion U.S. weather and climate satellite program. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Lower Malaria Numbers Reflect Better Estimates and a Glimmer of Hope

Martin Enserink
Science 19 September 2008: 1620.
According to a new report by the World Health Organization, the number of malaria cases and deaths are down worldwide. But the report's authors say the drop isn't a sign we're winning the battle, just that the methodology of gathering data is better. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING: House Weighs Proposal to Block Mandatory 'Open Access'

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 19 September 2008: 1621.
Last week, members of a powerful House committee held the first-ever congressional hearing on a controversial policy requiring researchers to make their papers freely available to the public at a U.S. National Institutes of Health Web site--and floated a proposal to overturn it. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 19 September 2008: 1619.
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Random Samples

Science 19 September 2008: 1613.
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Newsmakers

Science 19 September 2008: 1615.
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News Focus

SCIENCE EDUCATION: And Then There Was One

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 19 September 2008: 1622-1628.
A decade after 26 members of the entering class of 1991 earned their Ph.D.s from Yale's elite molecular biophysics and biochemistry program, only one holds a tenured faculty position. But is an exodus from academia a bad thing? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: Australia's New Era for GM Crops

Elizabeth Finkel
Science 19 September 2008: 1629.
The new leaders of Western Australia have promised to rescind a moratorium on transgenic crops that has put a damper on R&D. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Tailoring AIDS Prevention

Paul R. De Lay
Science 19 September 2008: 1631.
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 HIV Testing for Whole Populations

Alfred M. Prince;, Daniel Halperin, Malcolm Potts, Doug Kirby, Jeff Klausner, Richard Wamai, Ann Swidler, Elliot Marseille, Julia Walsh, and Norman Hearst
Science 19 September 2008: 1631-1634.
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 Effects of Expanded Mosquito Range

Sarah N. Bevins
Science 19 September 2008: 1634.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: The Life of a Magus and Martyr

Michael Dirda
Science 19 September 2008: 1636-1637.
The author discusses the nomadic life of the 16th-century philosopher and former priest whose execution in Rome in 1600 made him an early martyr for science. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSICS: Master of the Universe

Peter Coles
Science 19 September 2008: 1637.
In this technically challenging text, the Nobel Prize-winning author offers a thorough, authoritative account of cosmology that will reward students and established researchers alike. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 19 September 2008: 1637.
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Policy Forum

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS: Development and Conservation Goals in World Bank Projects

Peter Kareiva, Amy Chang, and Michelle Marvier
Science 19 September 2008: 1638-1639.
Biodiversity protection does not undermine poverty alleviation goals in development projects, especially under sustainable finance and market mechanisms. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Perspectives

COMPUTER SCIENCE: Weaving a Web of Trust

Jennifer Golbeck
Science 19 September 2008: 1640-1641.
Analysis of online social networks may provide a metric for establishing trust in user-generated content. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Apoptosis Turbocharges Epithelial Morphogenesis

Lance A. Davidson
Science 19 September 2008: 1641-1642.
Mechanical forces that contribute to tissue movement during animal morphogenesis may include those generated by cell death during development. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CLIMATE CHANGE: Illuminating the Modern Dance of Climate and CO₂

Peter Cox and Chris Jones
Science 19 September 2008: 1642-1644.
Records of Earth's past climate imply higher atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in the future. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

MICROBIOLOGY: Desperately Seeking New Antibiotics

David J. Payne
Science 19 September 2008: 1644-1645.
New approaches for discovering the next generation of antibiotics are needed to combat the rise in bacteria that are resistant to current drugs. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CHEMISTRY: Fluorous Tags Unstick Messy Chemical Biology Problems

Dennis P. Curran
Science 19 September 2008: 1645-1646.
Separation and identification of biological molecules from complex mixtures can be made easier with fluorinated labeling groups and separation media. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Ancient Permafrost and a Future, Warmer Arctic

Duane G. Froese, John A. Westgate, Alberto V. Reyes, Randolph J. Enkin, and Shari J. Preece
Science 19 September 2008: 1648.
The existence of a 700,000-year-old patch of permafrost in sub-Arctic Canada shows that ground ice far from the pole can resist melting during warm intervals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Transient Electronic Structure and Melting of a Charge Density Wave in TbTe₃

F. Schmitt, P. S. Kirchmann, U. Bovensiepen, R. G. Moore, L. Rettig, M. Krenz, J.-H. Chu, N. Ru, L. Perfetti, D. H. Lu, M. Wolf, I. R. Fisher, and Z.-X. Shen
Science 19 September 2008: 1649-1652.
Published online 14 August 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1160778] (in Science Express Reports)
Photoemission spectroscopy is extended to reveal the dynamics of correlated electronic phase transitions, showing how ordered electrons "melt" upon heating of TbTe₃. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coupled Superconducting and Magnetic Order in CeCoIn₅

M. Kenzelmann, Th. Strässle, C. Niedermayer, M. Sigrist, B. Padmanabhan, M. Zolliker, A. D. Bianchi, R. Movshovich, E. D. Bauer, J. L. Sarrao, and J. D. Thompson
Science 19 September 2008: 1652-1654.
Published online 21 August 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1161818] (in Science Express Reports)
Unlike other superconductors, magnetic ordering coexists with and is stabilized by superconductivity in the exotic superconductor CeCoIn. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Shape Changes of Supported Rh Nanoparticles During Oxidation and Reduction Cycles

P. Nolte, A. Stierle, N. Y. Jin-Phillipp, N. Kasper, T. U. Schulli, and H. Dosch
Science 19 September 2008: 1654-1658.
Pyramidal rhodium nanoparticles flatten upon surface oxidation at high temperatures but revert upon reduction, allowing the study of how structure affects catalytic activity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Polymer Pen Lithography

Fengwei Huo, Zijian Zheng, Gengfeng Zheng, Louise R. Giam, Hua Zhang, and Chad A. Mirkin
Science 19 September 2008: 1658-1660.
Published online 14 August 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1162193] (in Science Express Reports)
An array that can support millions of thin, flexible polymer pens can be used to deposit tiny molecular ink dots of variable size over large areas. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

4D Electron Diffraction Reveals Correlated Unidirectional Behavior in Zinc Oxide Nanowires

Ding-Shyue Yang, Changshi Lao, and Ahmed H. Zewail
Science 19 September 2008: 1660-1664.
Ultrafast electron diffraction reveals that exciting the electrons of a zinc oxide nanowire causes a sudden extension, more than a hundred times longer than expected from heating. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Chondrulelike Objects in Short-Period Comet 81P/Wild 2

Tomoki Nakamura, Takaaki Noguchi, Akira Tsuchiyama, Takayuki Ushikubo, Noriko T. Kita, John W. Valley, Michael E. Zolensky, Yuki Kakazu, Kanako Sakamoto, Etsuko Mashio, Kentaro Uesugi, and Tsukasa Nakano
Science 19 September 2008: 1664-1667.
Stardust samples from a comet, thought to be from the outer solar system, include grains like those in chondrules, primitive grains that formed in the inner solar system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Political Attitudes Vary with Physiological Traits

Douglas R. Oxley, Kevin B. Smith, John R. Alford, Matthew V. Hibbing, Jennifer L. Miller, Mario Scalora, Peter K. Hatemi, and John R. Hibbing
Science 19 September 2008: 1667-1670.
Individuals' views on political issues relate to their physiological reactions to threatening stimuli: Desire to protect their group's interests correlates with greater reactivity to threat. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Alternative Menaquinone Biosynthetic Pathway Operating in Microorganisms

Tomoshige Hiratsuka, Kazuo Furihata, Jun Ishikawa, Haruyuki Yamashita, Nobuya Itoh, Haruo Seto, and Tohru Dairi
Science 19 September 2008: 1670-1673.
Some pathogens synthesize the essential vitamin menaquinone by an unusual pathway, presenting a potential target for new antibiotics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Inhibitor of FtsZ with Potent and Selective Anti-Staphylococcal Activity

David J. Haydon, Neil R. Stokes, Rebecca Ure, Greta Galbraith, James M. Bennett, David R. Brown, Patrick J. Baker, Vladimir V. Barynin, David W. Rice, Sveta E. Sedelnikova, Jonathan R. Heal, Joseph M. Sheridan, Sachin T. Aiwale, Pramod K. Chauhan, Anil Srivastava, Amit Taneja, Ian Collins, Jeff Errington, and Lloyd G. Czaplewski
Science 19 September 2008: 1673-1675.
A small synthetic molecule directed against a microbial protein required for cell division protects mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus from death. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Suppression of Cotton Bollworm in Multiple Crops in China in Areas with Bt Toxin–Containing Cotton

Kong-Ming Wu, Yan-Hui Lu, Hong-Qiang Feng, Yu-Ying Jiang, and Jian-Zhou Zhao
Science 19 September 2008: 1676-1678.
Planting engineered cotton that expresses a natural toxin reduces pest damage to both the cotton itself and to other crops planted nearby, reducing the need for insecticidal spray. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse?

Christopher Costello, Steven D. Gaines, and John Lynham
Science 19 September 2008: 1678-1681.
Global catch statistics since 1950 suggest that fisheries will be half as likely to collapse if fisherman have a sustainability incentive through a guaranteed right of harvest. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Parasite Treatment Affects Maternal Investment in Sons

T. E. Reed, F. Daunt, M. E. Hall, R. A. Phillips, S. Wanless, and E. J. A. Cunningham
Science 19 September 2008: 1681-1682.
Published online 7 August 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1159466] (in Science Express Reports)
Mother seabirds that are infected by parasitic nematodes are less able to gather food and feed their fast-growing sons, shifting the sex ratio and affecting population viability. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Apoptotic Force and Tissue Dynamics During Drosophila Embryogenesis

Yusuke Toyama, Xomalin G. Peralta, Adrienne R. Wells, Daniel P. Kiehart, and Glenn S. Edwards
Science 19 September 2008: 1683-1686.
During development, programmed cellular death within sheets of cells can generate forces that accelerate tissue fusion; a similar process may apply to wound healing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Clusters of Hyperactive Neurons Near Amyloid Plaques in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Marc Aurel Busche, Gerhard Eichhoff, Helmuth Adelsberger, Dorothee Abramowski, Karl-Heinz Wiederhold, Christian Haass, Matthias Staufenbiel, Arthur Konnerth, and Olga Garaschuk
Science 19 September 2008: 1686-1689.
In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, neurons close to the characteristic deposits of amyloid show high activity, in contrast to the overall reduction in brain function. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reward-Predictive Cues Enhance Excitatory Synaptic Strength onto Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

Garret D. Stuber, Marianne Klanker, Bram de Ridder, M. Scott Bowers, Ruud N. Joosten, Matthijs G. Feenstra, and Antonello Bonci
Science 19 September 2008: 1690-1692.
When a rat learns to associate a cue with a reward, dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain acquire an enhanced response to that cue through the action of glutamate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Molecular Coupling of Xist Regulation and Pluripotency

Pablo Navarro, Ian Chambers, Violetta Karwacki-Neisius, Corinne Chureau, Céline Morey, Claire Rougeulle, and Philip Avner
Science 19 September 2008: 1693-1695.
X chromosome inactivation in stem cells is reversed, a step in allowing them to become pluripotent, when three factors repress the inactivation RNA. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Age and Evolution of the Grand Canyon Revealed by U-Pb Dating of Water Table–Type Speleothems"

Joel Pederson, Richard Young, Ivo Lucchitta, L. Sue Beard, and George Billingsley
Science 19 September 2008: 1634.
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Comment on "Age and Evolution of the Grand Canyon Revealed by U-Pb Dating of Water Table–Type Speleothems"

Philip A. Pearthree, Jon E. Spencer, James E. Faulds, and P. Kyle House
Science 19 September 2008: 1634.
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Response to Comments on the "Age and Evolution of the Grand Canyon Revealed by U-Pb Dating of Water Table–Type Speleothems"

Victor Polyak, Carol Hill, and Yemane Asmerom
Science 19 September 2008: 1634.
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