Robotics

A Robotic Future

Marc S. Lavine, David Voss, and Robert Coontz
Science 16 November 2007: 1083.
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News

Making Machines That Make Others of Their Kind

Adrian Cho
Science 16 November 2007: 1084-1085.
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Robots' Allure: Can It Remedy What Ails Computer Science?

Benjamin Lester
Science 16 November 2007: 1086-1087.
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Perspective

Learning in and from Brain-Based Devices

Gerald M. Edelman
Science 16 November 2007: 1103-1105.
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Reviews

Self-Organization, Embodiment, and Biologically Inspired Robotics

Rolf Pfeifer, Max Lungarella, and Fumiya Iida
Science 16 November 2007: 1088-1093.
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Mobile Robots: Motor Challenges and Materials Solutions

John D. Madden
Science 16 November 2007: 1094-1097.
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Robotics in Remote and Hostile Environments

James G. Bellingham and Kanna Rajan
Science 16 November 2007: 1098-1102.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 16 November 2007: 1033.
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Editorial:
Robot Ethics

Robert J. Sawyer
Science 16 November 2007: 1037.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 16 November 2007: 1039.
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Science Podcast

Science 16 November 2007: 1159.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 16 November 2007: 1159.
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News of the Week

AIDS RESEARCH: Did Merck's Failed HIV Vaccine Cause Harm?

Jon Cohen
Science 16 November 2007: 1048-1049.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: Privacy Policies Take a Toll on Research, Survey Finds

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 16 November 2007: 1049.
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ENVIRONMENT: Panel Calls for Pilot Program for National Indicators

Erik Stokstad
Science 16 November 2007: 1051.
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SCIENTIFIC WORK FORCE: New Analysis Questions Push for More Degrees

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 16 November 2007: 1052.
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U.S. STATE ELECTIONS: New Jersey Rejects Bonds for Stem Cell Institute

Constance Holden
Science 16 November 2007: 1053.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Scientists Say Continued Warming Warrants Closer Look at Drastic Fixes

Eli Kintisch
Science 16 November 2007: 1054-1055.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Panel Discussion »|  

BEHAVIOR: Robot Cockroach Tests Insect Decision-Making Behavior

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 16 November 2007: 1055.
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ScienceScope

Science 16 November 2007: 1051.
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Random Samples

Science 16 November 2007: 1045.
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Newsmakers

Science 16 November 2007: 1047.
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News Focus

SCIENTIFIC FACILITIES: Oceanography's Third Wave

Robert F. Service
Science 16 November 2007: 1056-1058.
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PUBLIC HEALTH: In the HIV Era, an Old TB Vaccine Causes New Problems

Martin Enserink
Science 16 November 2007: 1059.
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ROBOTICS: Robotic Cars Tackle Crosstown Traffic--and Not One Another

Adrian Cho
Science 16 November 2007: 1060-1061.
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BEHAVIORAL GENETICS: Evidence Linking DISC1 Gene to Mental Illness Builds

Jean Marx
Science 16 November 2007: 1062-1063.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 16 November 2007: 1065.
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 The Origins of Human Bipedalism

Jeffrey H. Schwartz;, S. K. S. Thorpe, R. L. Holder, and R. H. Crompton
Science 16 November 2007: 1065.
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 What's in a Name?

Renato Baserga
Science 16 November 2007: 1066.
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 The Carbon Benefits of Fuels and Forests

Gregg Marland, Michael Obersteiner, Bernhard Schlamadinger;, Renton Righelato, and Dominick V. Spracklen
Science 16 November 2007: 1066-1068.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 16 November 2007: 1066.
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 Eyeing a New Network

Ian M. MacDonald, Brian P. Brooks, and Paul A. Sieving
Science 16 November 2007: 1068.
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Books et al.

MEDICINE: The Universal Darwinism of Disease

David C. Krakauer
Science 16 November 2007: 1070.
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Books Received

Science 16 November 2007: 1070.
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PHARMACEUTICALS: A Company with Great Impact

Anna E. Simmons
Science 16 November 2007: 1071-1073.
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Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH: Biobanks in Developing Countries: Needs and Feasibility

S. K. Sgaier, P. Jha, P. Mony, A. Kurpad, V. Lakshmi, R. Kumar, and N. K. Ganguly
Science 16 November 2007: 1074-1075.
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Perspectives

PHYSICS: When Oxides Meet Face to Face

Elbio Dagotto
Science 16 November 2007: 1076-1077.
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GENETICS: Widespread Monoallelic Expression

Rolf Ohlsson
Science 16 November 2007: 1077-1078.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: DNA Circuits Get Up to Speed

Roy Bar-Ziv
Science 16 November 2007: 1078-1079.
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CANCER: The Gene Topography of Cancer

Jeffrey M. Trent and Jeffrey W. Touchman
Science 16 November 2007: 1079-1080.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: Hidden Mars

Peter H. Schultz
Science 16 November 2007: 1080-1081.
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Brevia

Hurricane Katrina's Carbon Footprint on U.S. Gulf Coast Forests

Jeffrey Q. Chambers, Jeremy I. Fisher, Hongcheng Zeng, Elise L. Chapman, David B. Baker, and George C. Hurtt
Science 16 November 2007: 1107.
Hurricane Katrina killed or damaged about 320 million large trees, representing a loss of about 105 teragrams of stored carbon. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

The Genomic Landscapes of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers

Laura D. Wood, D. Williams Parsons, Siân Jones, Jimmy Lin, Tobias Sjöblom, Rebecca J. Leary, Dong Shen, Simina M. Boca, Thomas Barber, Janine Ptak, Natalie Silliman, Steve Szabo, Zoltan Dezso, Vadim Ustyanksky, Tatiana Nikolskaya, Yuri Nikolsky, Rachel Karchin, Paul A. Wilson, Joshua S. Kaminker, Zemin Zhang, Randal Croshaw, Joseph Willis, Dawn Dawson, Michail Shipitsin, James K. V. Willson, Saraswati Sukumar, Kornelia Polyak, Ben Ho Park, Charit L. Pethiyagoda, P. V. Krishna Pant, Dennis G. Ballinger, Andrew B. Sparks, James Hartigan, Douglas R. Smith, Erick Suh, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Phillip Buckhaults, Sanford D. Markowitz, Giovanni Parmigiani, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Victor E. Velculescu, and Bert Vogelstein
Science 16 November 2007: 1108-1113.
Published online 11 October 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1145720] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Tumor growth seems to be driven by many genes mutated at low frequencies, most of which act through well-known signaling pathways. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Authors' Summary »|  Supporting Online Material »|  

Orbital Reconstruction and Covalent Bonding at an Oxide Interface

J. Chakhalian, J. W. Freeland, H.-U. Habermeier, G. Cristiani, G. Khaliullin, M. van Veenendaal, and B. Keimer
Science 16 November 2007: 1114-1117.
Published online 11 October 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1149338] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A charge transfer from Mn atoms in an oxide layer to Cu atoms in a superconductor layer changes the orbital configuration of the Cu atoms and the properties of the layered structure. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Authors' Summary »|  Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Generation and Photonic Guidance of Multi-Octave Optical-Frequency Combs

F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer
Science 16 November 2007: 1118-1121.
A new theory of how photonic-crystal fibers guide light is used to design a hydrogen-filled fiber that emits light from 325 to 2300 nanometers at low input power. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Engineering Entropy-Driven Reactions and Networks Catalyzed by DNA

David Yu Zhang, Andrew J. Turberfield, Bernard Yurke, and Erik Winfree
Science 16 November 2007: 1121-1125.
Biochemical circuits based on nucleic acids can use output strands of oligonucleotides as catalysts for subsequent reactions to amplify small signals for use in sensors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Radar Sounding of the Medusae Fossae Formation Mars: Equatorial Ice or Dry, Low-Density Deposits?

Thomas R. Watters, Bruce Campbell, Lynn Carter, Carl J. Leuschen, Jeffrey J. Plaut, Giovanni Picardi, Roberto Orosei, Ali Safaeinili, Stephen M. Clifford, William M. Farrell, Anton B. Ivanov, Roger J. Phillips, and Ellen R. Stofan
Science 16 November 2007: 1125-1128.
Published online 1 November 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1148112] (in Science Express Reports)
Radar sounding of equatorial hills on Mars suggests that they contain a large subsurface feature with low density, either a large volume of water ice or light volcanic ash. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Three-Dimensional Splay Fault Geometry and Implications for Tsunami Generation

G. F. Moore, N. L. Bangs, A. Taira, S. Kuramoto, E. Pangborn, and H. J. Tobin
Science 16 November 2007: 1128-1131.
Detailed seismic imaging of a thrust fault off Japan shows that slip along a near-vertical splay fault may explain why this part of the fault system generated a devastating tsunami. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rise and Fall of Species Occupancy in Cenozoic Fossil Mollusks

Michael Foote, James S. Crampton, Alan G. Beu, Bruce A. Marshall, Roger A. Cooper, Phillip A. Maxwell, and Iain Matcham
Science 16 November 2007: 1131-1134.
New Zealand molluscan species, while extant, expand into diverse habitats, yielding a brief peak, then contract toward extinction, following a general pattern seen for genera. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Transgenerational Plasticity Is Adaptive in the Wild

Laura F. Galloway and Julie R. Etterson
Science 16 November 2007: 1134-1136.
A wild herb nongenetically adapts to local light conditions and passes the adaptation to offspring, illustrating how sedentary organisms cope with variable environments. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Widespread Monoallelic Expression on Human Autosomes

Alexander Gimelbrant, John N. Hutchinson, Benjamin R. Thompson, and Andrew Chess
Science 16 November 2007: 1136-1140.
Rather than being expressed from both the maternal and paternal alleles, 5% of human genes, a surprisingly large fraction, are expressed from only one allele. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Promotion of Tissue Inflammation by the Immune Receptor Tim-3 Expressed on Innate Immune Cells

Ana C. Anderson, David E. Anderson, Lisa Bregoli, William D. Hastings, Nasim Kassam, Charles Lei, Rucha Chandwaskar, Jozsef Karman, Ee W. Su, Mitsuomi Hirashima, Jeffrey N. Bruce, Lawrence P. Kane, Vijay K. Kuchroo, and David A. Hafler
Science 16 November 2007: 1141-1143.
A cell surface immune receptor, which usually suppresses immune responses, unexpectedly promotes inflammation when activated on immune cells of the brain. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Melatonin Suppresses Nighttime Memory Formation in Zebrafish

Oliver Rawashdeh, Nancy Hernandez de Borsetti, Gregg Roman, and Gregory M. Cahill
Science 16 November 2007: 1144-1146.
Zebrafish learn poorly at night, an effect of higher melatonin levels secreted from the pineal gland. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Fast-Forward Playback of Recent Memory Sequences in Prefrontal Cortex During Sleep

David R. Euston, Masami Tatsuno, and Bruce L. McNaughton
Science 16 November 2007: 1147-1150.
Neural firing patterns that occur in the prefrontal cortex during a complex task are replayed there during subsequent sleep at about seven times the awake rate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Time-Dependent Central Compensatory Mechanisms of Finger Dexterity After Spinal Cord Injury

Yukio Nishimura, Hirotaka Onoe, Yosuke Morichika, Sergei Perfiliev, Hideo Tsukada, and Tadashi Isa
Science 16 November 2007: 1150-1155.
After suffering damage to the spinal cord, monkeys recover finger function by sequential reorganization of distinct regions of the motor and premotor cortices. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Social Integration of Robots into Groups of Cockroaches to Control Self-Organized Choices

J. Halloy, G. Sempo, G. Caprari, C. Rivault, M. Asadpour, F. Tâche, I. Saïd, V. Durier, S. Canonge, J. M. Amé, C. Detrain, N. Correll, A. Martinoli, F. Mondada, R. Siegwart, and J. L. Deneubourg
Science 16 November 2007: 1155-1158.
Small autonomous robots integrated into groups of cockroaches can influence collective decision making and coax the group toward an inappropriate shelter. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Origin of Human Bipedalism As an Adaptation for Locomotion on Flexible Branches"

D. R. Begun, B. G. Richmond, and D. S. Strait
Science 16 November 2007: 1066.
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Response to Comment on "Origin of Human Bipedalism As an Adaptation for Locomotion on Flexible Branches"

R. H. Crompton and S. K. S. Thorpe
Science 16 November 2007: 1066.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|