This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 19 October 2007: 355.
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Editorial:
Feeding a Hungry World

Norman Borlaug
Science 19 October 2007: 359.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 19 October 2007: 361.
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Science Podcast

Science 19 October 2007: 478.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 19 October 2007: 478.
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News of the Week

GLOBAL WARMING: Nobel Peace Prize Won by Host of Scientists and One Crusader

Richard A. Kerr and Eli Kintisch
Science 19 October 2007: 372-373.
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NOBEL PRIZES: Chemistry Laureate Pioneered New School of Thought

Robert F. Service
Science 19 October 2007: 373.
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NOBEL PRIZES: Three Economists Lauded for Theory That Helps the Invisible Hand

Adrian Cho
Science 19 October 2007: 375.
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EVOLUTION: Natural Selection, Not Chance, Paints the Desert Landscape

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 19 October 2007: 376.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Coastal Artifacts Suggest Early Beginnings for Modern Behavior

Ann Gibbons
Science 19 October 2007: 377.
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ASTRONOMY: Space Sighting Suggests Stardust Doesn't Have to Come From Stars

Govert Schilling
Science 19 October 2007: 379.
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SCIENCE FUNDING: U.K. Spells Out Boost in Medical Research

Daniel Clery
Science 19 October 2007: 379.
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ScienceScope

Science 19 October 2007: 375.
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Random Samples

Science 19 October 2007: 369.
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Newsmakers

Science 19 October 2007: 371.
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News Focus

SCIENTIFIC FACILITIES: Location, Location, Location

Daniel Clery
Science 19 October 2007: 380-383.
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ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: Fresh Evidence Points to an Old Suspect: Calcium

Jean Marx
Science 19 October 2007: 384-385.
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FORENSIC SCIENCE: Dirty Science: Soil Forensics Digs Into New Techniques

Krista Zala
Science 19 October 2007: 386-387.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: In Search of the World's Most Ancient Mariners

Michael Balter
Science 19 October 2007: 388-389.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 19 October 2007: 390.
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 Of Aging Mice and Men

Richard Miller;, Hongjun Liu, and Toren Finkel
Science 19 October 2007: 390.
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 Replicating Genome-Wide Association Studies

Mark H. Kuniholm; and David B. Goldstein
Science 19 October 2007: 390-391.
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 A Measure of Respect for Translational Research

Abhay Sharma
Science 19 October 2007: 391-393.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 19 October 2007: 393.
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Books et al.

ECONOMICS: Genetically Capitalist?

Samuel Bowles
Science 19 October 2007: 394-396.
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PUBLIC HEALTH: A Crisis Is a Terrible Thing to Waste

Paul S. Keim
Science 19 October 2007: 396-397.
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Books Received

Science 19 October 2007: 397.
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Policy Forum

GENETICS: The Science and Business of Genetic Ancestry Testing

Deborah A. Bolnick, Duana Fullwiley, Troy Duster, Richard S. Cooper, Joan H. Fujimura, Jonathan Kahn, Jay S. Kaufman, Jonathan Marks, Ann Morning, Alondra Nelson, Pilar Ossorio, Jenny Reardon, Susan M. Reverby, and Kimberly TallBear
Science 19 October 2007: 399-400.
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Perspectives

PLANETARY SCIENCE: Sampling the Sun

Kurt Marti
Science 19 October 2007: 401-402.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: A New Twist for Mercury

Carl Lamborg
Science 19 October 2007: 402-403.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Unlocking Cell Fate

Ashley G. Rivenbark and Brian D. Strahl
Science 19 October 2007: 403-404.
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ASTRONOMY: Simmering, Not Boiling

Christian R. Kaiser
Science 19 October 2007: 404-405.
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GENETICS: Why Genomes in Pieces?

Laura F. Landweber
Science 19 October 2007: 405-407.
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CHEMISTRY: Nano-Golden Order

Robert L. Whetten and Ryan C. Price
Science 19 October 2007: 407-408.
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Review

Mathematics and Complex Systems

Richard Foote
Science 19 October 2007: 410-412.
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Brevia

Mitochondrial DNA as a Genomic Jigsaw Puzzle

William Marande and Gertraud Burger
Science 19 October 2007: 415.
The mitochondrial genes of the unicellular eukaryote Diplonema are fragmented among many small chromosomes, and their coding RNAs are pieced together to form messenger RNAs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Mass-Dependent and -Independent Fractionation of Hg Isotopes by Photoreduction in Aquatic Systems

Bridget A. Bergquist and Joel D. Blum
Science 19 October 2007: 417-420.
Published online 13 September 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1148050] (in Science Express Research Articles)
The odd isotopes of mercury are fractionated in a mass-independent manner during photoreduction, providing a tracer of mercury species and reactions through food webs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Paired-End Mapping Reveals Extensive Structural Variation in the Human Genome

Jan O. Korbel, Alexander Eckehart Urban, Jason P. Affourtit, Brian Godwin, Fabian Grubert, Jan Fredrik Simons, Philip M. Kim, Dean Palejev, Nicholas J. Carriero, Lei Du, Bruce E. Taillon, Zhoutao Chen, Andrea Tanzer, A. C. Eugenia Saunders, Jianxiang Chi, Fengtang Yang, Nigel P. Carter, Matthew E. Hurles, Sherman M. Weissman, Timothy T. Harkins, Mark B. Gerstein, Michael Egholm, and Michael Snyder
Science 19 October 2007: 420-426.
Published online 27 September 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1149504] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Sequencing of structure variations over segments of DNA from two individuals of different ethnic groups showed unexpected levels of diversity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Mussel-Inspired Surface Chemistry for Multifunctional Coatings

Haeshin Lee, Shara M. Dellatore, William M. Miller, and Phillip B. Messersmith
Science 19 October 2007: 426-430.
A wide variety of surfaces can be coated with a slightly basic dopamine solution, creating a universal adhesive that can be readily modified by secondary reactions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of a Thiol Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticle at 1.1 Å Resolution

Pablo D. Jadzinsky, Guillermo Calero, Christopher J. Ackerson, David A. Bushnell, and Roger D. Kornberg
Science 19 October 2007: 430-433.
Particles containing 102 gold atoms bound to 44 organosulfur molecules can be grown uniformly, allowing x-ray resolution of their pure gold core and chiral structure. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Constraints on Neon and Argon Isotopic Fractionation in Solar Wind

Alex Meshik, Jennifer Mabry, Charles Hohenberg, Yves Marrocchi, Olga Pravdivtseva, Donald Burnett, Chad Olinger, Roger Wiens, Dan Reisenfeld, Judith Allton, Karen McNamara, Eileen Stansbery, and Amy J. G. Jurewicz
Science 19 October 2007: 433-435.
Neon and argon isotopic ratios remain the same throughout the solar wind in samples returned by Genesis, ruling out some solar models that predicted changes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Southern Hemisphere and Deep-Sea Warming Led Deglacial Atmospheric CO₂ Rise and Tropical Warming

Lowell Stott, Axel Timmermann, and Robert Thunell
Science 19 October 2007: 435-438.
Published online 27 September 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143791] (in Science Express Reports)
Dating of benthic versus near-surface plankton in a Pacific Ocean core shows that southern high latitudes warmed 1500 years before the tropics during the last deglaciation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mixed-Layer Deepening During Heinrich Events: A Multi-Planktonic Foraminiferal ¹⁸O Approach

Harunur Rashid and Edward A. Boyle
Science 19 October 2007: 439-441.
Published online 20 September 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1146138] (in Science Express Reports)
Massive releases of icebergs into the North Atlantic during the last glacial period, and the associated storminess, periodically mixed the ocean to greater depths than usual. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Wasp Gene Expression Supports an Evolutionary Link Between Maternal Behavior and Eusociality

Amy L. Toth, Kranthi Varala, Thomas C. Newman, Fernando E. Miguez, Stephen K. Hutchison, David A. Willoughby, Jan Fredrik Simons, Michael Egholm, James H. Hunt, Matthew E. Hudson, and Gene E. Robinson
Science 19 October 2007: 441-444.
Published online 27 September 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1146647] (in Science Express Reports)
Analysis of a set of genes expressed in the brain of a primitive wasp shows that the care shown by worker wasps toward siblings probably evolved from maternal care behavior. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

JMJD6 Is a Histone Arginine Demethylase

Bingsheng Chang, Yue Chen, Yingming Zhao, and Richard K. Bruick
Science 19 October 2007: 444-447.
An enzyme is discovered that removes methyl groups from arginines in histone proteins, which together with DNA form the bulk of chromatin and help regulate gene expression. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Demethylation of H3K27 Regulates Polycomb Recruitment and H2A Ubiquitination

Min Gyu Lee, Raffaella Villa, Patrick Trojer, Jessica Norman, Kai-Ping Yan, Danny Reinberg, Luciano Di Croce, and Ramin Shiekhattar
Science 19 October 2007: 447-450.
Published online 30 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1149042] (in Science Express Reports)
An enzyme is described that removes methyl groups from a lysine in a human histone protein, a modification thought to help regulate gene expression. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Permuted tRNA Genes Expressed via a Circular RNA Intermediate in Cyanidioschyzon merolae

Akiko Soma, Akinori Onodera, Junichi Sugahara, Akio Kanai, Nozomu Yachie, Masaru Tomita, Fujio Kawamura, and Yasuhiko Sekine
Science 19 October 2007: 450-453.
RNA transcribed from split, noncontiguous transfer RNA genes in red algae is circularized, joining the discontinuous segments and allowing processing into mature transfer RNA. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Trojan Horse Strategy in Agrobacterium Transformation: Abusing MAPK Defense Signaling

Armin Djamei, Andrea Pitzschke, Hirofumi Nakagami, Iva Rajh, and Heribert Hirt
Science 19 October 2007: 453-456.
A bacterial plant pathogen co-opts one of the plant’s own defense proteins to facilitate transfer of its infectious DNA into the nucleus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of a NHEJ Polymerase-Mediated DNA Synaptic Complex

Nigel C. Brissett, Robert S. Pitcher, Raquel Juarez, Angel J. Picher, Andrew J. Green, Timothy R. Dafforn, Gavin C. Fox, Luis Blanco, and Aidan J. Doherty
Science 19 October 2007: 456-459.
Broken, nonhomologous prokaryotic DNA is repaired by a DNA polymerase that enables each end to search for complementarity on the opposing end. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of Hexameric DnaB Helicase and Its Complex with a Domain of DnaG Primase

Scott Bailey, William K. Eliason, and Thomas A. Steitz
Science 19 October 2007: 459-463.
The structures of the two enzymes that initiate replication on single-stranded DNA show that one stimulates the other by stabilizing it as a hexamer in an activated conformation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Network Analysis of Oncogenic Ras Activation in Cancer

Edward C. Stites, Paul C. Trampont, Zhong Ma, and Kodi S. Ravichandran
Science 19 October 2007: 463-467.
A model of cell signaling reveals why only one mutated form of an oncogene occurs in tumors and suggests a strategy for selective inhibition of oncogene-containing cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Light-Responsive Cryptochromes from a Simple Multicellular Animal, the Coral Acropora millepora

O. Levy, L. Appelbaum, W. Leggat, Y. Gothlif, D. C. Hayward, D. J. Miller, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg
Science 19 October 2007: 467-470.
Primitive photoreceptors in a reef-building coral respond to subtle changes in light, suggesting that they help trigger the mass spawning of corals on the Great Barrier Reef. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Human Neuroblasts Migrate to the Olfactory Bulb via a Lateral Ventricular Extension"

Nader Sanai, Mitchel S. Berger, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, and Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
Science 19 October 2007: 393.
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Response to Comment on "Human Neuroblasts Migrate to the Olfactory Bulb via a Lateral Ventricular Extension"

Maurice A. Curtis, Monica Kam, Ulf Nannmark, Richard L.M. Faull, and Peter S. Eriksson
Science 19 October 2007: 393.
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