2007 Visualization Challenge

Jeff Nesbit and Monica Bradford
Science 28 September 2007: 1857.
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2007 Visualization Challenge Winners

Benjamin Lester
Science 28 September 2007: 1858-1863.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 28 September 2007: 1829.
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Editorial:
European Young Investigators

Tim Hunt
Science 28 September 2007: 1833.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 28 September 2007: 1834.
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Science Podcast

Science 28 September 2007: 1939.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 28 September 2007: 1939.
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News of the Week

INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Vaccine-Related Polio Outbreak in Nigeria Raises Concerns

Leslie Roberts
Science 28 September 2007: 1842.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: Tougher Ozone Accord Also Addresses Global Warming

Eli Kintisch
Science 28 September 2007: 1843.
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BIOWEAPONS: Panel Wants U.S. Program to Retain Its Russian Roots

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 28 September 2007: 1845.
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NEUROSCIENCE: Uncovering the Magic in Magnetic Brain Stimulation

Greg Miller
Science 28 September 2007: 1846.
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ENGINEERING: Pollution Slows China's Canal Project

Xin Hao
Science 28 September 2007: 1846.
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CLIMATE CHANGE; A Far-South Start for Ice Age's End

Richard A. Kerr
Science 28 September 2007: 1847.
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ScienceScope

Science 28 September 2007: 1845.
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Random Samples

Science 28 September 2007: 1839.
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Newsmakers

Science 28 September 2007: 1841.
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News Focus

COSMOLOGY: A Singular Conundrum: How Odd Is Our Universe?

Adrian Cho
Science 28 September 2007: 1848-1850.
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EDUCATION RESEARCH: U.S. Says No to Next Global Test of Advanced Math, Science Students

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 28 September 2007: 1851.
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BIOSAFETY BREACHES: Accidents Spur a Closer Look at Risks at Biodefense Labs

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 28 September 2007: 1852-1854.
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ECOLOGY: Setting the Forest Alight

Paul Webster
Science 28 September 2007: 1854-1855.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 28 September 2007: 1864.
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 Birds Like Music, Too

Austen Gess
Science 28 September 2007: 1864.
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 Climate Change: Don't Forfeit the Game

Fred Krupp
Science 28 September 2007: 1864-1866.
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 Climate Change: One Goal at a Time

Hal Harvey
Science 28 September 2007: 1866.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Myths and Consequences

Michael Witzel
Science 28 September 2007: 1868-1869.
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EXHIBITION: ANTHROPOLOGY: The Disaster Business

Caroline Ash
Science 28 September 2007: 1869-1870.
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BROWSING

Science 28 September 2007: 1870.
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Books Received

Science 28 September 2007: 1870.
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Education Forum

RELEVANCE: Pharmacology in the High-School Classroom

Nicole C. Kwiek, Myra J. Halpin, Jerome P. Reiter, Leanne A. Hoeffler, and Rochelle D. Schwartz-Bloom
Science 28 September 2007: 1871-1872.
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Perspectives

ANTHROPOLOGY: Tracking Polynesian Seafarers

Ben Finney
Science 28 September 2007: 1873-1874.
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PHYSICS: Quantum Weirdness in the Lab

Robert W. Boyd, Kam Wai Clifford Chan, and Malcolm N. O'Sullivan
Science 28 September 2007: 1874-1875.
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GENOMICS: Deep Questions in the Tree of Life

Patrick J. Keeling
Science 28 September 2007: 1875-1876.
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PHYSICS: Does Our Universe Allow for Robust Quantum Computation?

Dave Bacon
Science 28 September 2007: 1876-1877.
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ECOLOGY: Antarctic Biodiversity

Peter Convey and Mark I. Stevens
Science 28 September 2007: 1877-1878.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 28 September 2007: 1879-1880.
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Review

Fluorine in Pharmaceuticals: Looking Beyond Intuition

Klaus Müller, Christoph Faeh, and François Diederich
Science 28 September 2007: 1881-1886.
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Brevia

Correlated Evolution and Dietary Change in Fossil Stickleback

Mark A. Purnell, Michael A. Bell, David C. Baines, Paul J. B. Hart, and Matthew P. Travis
Science 28 September 2007: 1887.
Wear patterns in fossilized teeth show that Miocene sticklebacks switched from surface- to bottom-feeding over 20,000 years, implying that changes in diet drove their evolution. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

The Dark Side of the Rings of Uranus

Imke de Pater, H. B. Hammel, Mark R. Showalter, and Marcos A. van Dam
Science 28 September 2007: 1888-1890.
Published online 23 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1148103] (in Science Express Reports)
Images of Uranus’ rings, which are currently oriented edge-on to Earth, reveal large changes in dust distribution since Voyager’s visit 20 years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Probing Quantum Commutation Rules by Addition and Subtraction of Single Photons to/from a Light Field

Valentina Parigi, Alessandro Zavatta, Myungshik Kim, and Marco Bellini
Science 28 September 2007: 1890-1893.
An experiment shows that quantum addition is not commutative: Adding a single photon to a light field and then subtracting one produces a different result than subtracting first. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Symmetrized Characterization of Noisy Quantum Processes

Joseph Emerson, Marcus Silva, Osama Moussa, Colm Ryan, Martin Laforest, Jonathan Baugh, David G. Cory, and Raymond Laflamme
Science 28 September 2007: 1893-1896.
A symmetry-based approach dramatically reduces the number of measurements needed to describe the decoherence of a quantum system, a necessity for practical information storage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nuclei-Induced Frequency Focusing of Electron Spin Coherence

A. Greilich, A. Shabaev, D. R. Yakovlev, Al. L. Efros, I. A. Yugova, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, and M. Bayer
Science 28 September 2007: 1896-1899.
Laser pulses can tune spin precessions of electrons in an ensemble of singly charged quantum dots to well-defined modes that remain stable in the dark for tens of minutes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Late Archean Biospheric Oxygenation and Atmospheric Evolution

Alan J. Kaufman, David T. Johnston, James Farquhar, Andrew L. Masterson, Timothy W. Lyons, Steve Bates, Ariel D. Anbar, Gail L. Arnold, Jessica Garvin, and Roger Buick
Science 28 September 2007: 1900-1903.
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A Whiff of Oxygen Before the Great Oxidation Event?

Ariel D. Anbar, Yun Duan, Timothy W. Lyons, Gail L. Arnold, Brian Kendall, Robert A. Creaser, Alan J. Kaufman, Gwyneth W. Gordon, Clinton Scott, Jessica Garvin, and Roger Buick
Science 28 September 2007: 1903-1906.
Sulfur isotopes and trace elements imply that oxygen levels in Earth’s atmosphere rose briefly 50 to 100 million years before the major increase 2.4 billion years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Stone Adze Compositions and the Extent of Ancient Polynesian Voyaging and Trade

Kenneth D. Collerson and Marshall I. Weisler
Science 28 September 2007: 1907-1911.
Isotopic and chemical data trace Polynesian adze heads on the Tuamotus to nearby island sources and to the Hawaiian Islands, 4000 km to the north, showing an extensive trade network. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Synchrony Dynamics During Initiation, Failure, and Rescue of the Segmentation Clock

Ingmar H. Riedel-Kruse, Claudia Müller, and Andrew C. Oates
Science 28 September 2007: 1911-1915.
Published online 16 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142538] (in Science Express Reports)
A model of the segmentation clock, coupled genetic oscillators that sequentially generate the body segments of animals, successfully predicts the results of system perturbations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid Emergence of Baculovirus Resistance in Codling Moth Due to Dominant, Sex-Linked Inheritance

S. Asser-Kaiser, E. Fritsch, K. Undorf-Spahn, J. Kienzle, K. E. Eberle, N. A. Gund, A. Reineke, C. P. W. Zebitz, D. G. Heckel, J. Huber, and J. A. Jehle
Science 28 September 2007: 1916-1918.
Moths have developed an unusual type of resistance to a widely used, environmentally benign viral pesticide, explaining recent damage to apple crops in Germany and France. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Elicits Coupled Neural and Hemodynamic Consequences

Elena A. Allen, Brian N. Pasley, Thang Duong, and Ralph D. Freeman
Science 28 September 2007: 1918-1921.
A procedure that targets circumscribed brain regions in people and animals suppresses and desynchronizes neural activity, effects that are faithfully reflected by brain imaging methods. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genomic Minimalism in the Early Diverging Intestinal Parasite Giardia lamblia

Hilary G. Morrison, Andrew G. McArthur, Frances D. Gillin, Stephen B. Aley, Rodney D. Adam, Gary J. Olsen, Aaron A. Best, W. Zacheus Cande, Feng Chen, Michael J. Cipriano, Barbara J. Davids, Scott C. Dawson, Heidi G. Elmendorf, Adrian B. Hehl, Michael E. Holder, Susan M. Huse, Ulandt U. Kim, Erica Lasek-Nesselquist, Gerard Manning, Anuranjini Nigam, Julie E. J. Nixon, Daniel Palm, Nora E. Passamaneck, Anjali Prabhu, Claudia I. Reich, David S. Reiner, John Samuelson, Staffan G. Svard, and Mitchell L. Sogin
Science 28 September 2007: 1921-1926.
The genome of the pathogenic intestinal parasite Giardia reveals simplified metabolic systems, unexpected evidence of sexual reproduction, and specialized classes of protein. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Mitochondria from Ancient Hair Shafts

M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Lynn P. Tomsho, Snjezana Rendulic, Michael Packard, Daniela I. Drautz, Andrei Sher, Alexei Tikhonov, Love Dalén, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Pavel Kosintsev, Paula F. Campos, Thomas Higham, Matthew J. Collins, Andrew S. Wilson, Fyodor Shidlovskiy, Bernard Buigues, Per G. P. Ericson, Mietje Germonpré, Anders Götherström, Paola Iacumin, Vladimir Nikolaev, Malgosia Nowak-Kemp, Eske Willerslev, James R. Knight, Gerard P. Irzyk, Clotilde S. Perbost, Karin M. Fredrikson, Timothy T. Harkins, Sharon Sheridan, Webb Miller, and Stephan C. Schuster
Science 28 September 2007: 1927-1930.
Mitochondrial DNA can be successfully sequenced from woolly mammoth hair kept either frozen in permafrost or at room temperature in a museum for 200 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structures of the CCR5 N Terminus and of a Tyrosine-Sulfated Antibody with HIV-1 gp120 and CD4

Chih-chin Huang, Son N. Lam, Priyamvada Acharya, Min Tang, Shi-Hua Xiang, Syed Shahzad-ul Hussan, Robyn L. Stanfield, James Robinson, Joseph Sodroski, Ian A. Wilson, Richard Wyatt, Carole A. Bewley, and Peter D. Kwong
Science 28 September 2007: 1930-1934.
A conserved region in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein binds to a sulfated tyrosine during entry into host cells, providing a possible target for therapeutics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Slit Receptor EVA-1 Coactivates a SAX-3/Robo–Mediated Guidance Signal in C. elegans

Kazuko Fujisawa, Jeffrey L. Wrana, and Joseph G. Culotti
Science 28 September 2007: 1934-1938.
A previously unknown membrane receptor helps guide developing axons in the nematode nervous system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "A Semi-Empirical Approach to Projecting Future Sea-Level Rise"

Simon Holgate, Svetlana Jevrejeva, Philip Woodworth, and Simon Brewer
Science 28 September 2007: 1866.
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Comment on "A Semi-Empirical Approach to Projecting Future Sea-Level Rise"

Torben Schmith, Søren Johansen, and Peter Thejll
Science 28 September 2007: 1866.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Response to Comments on "A Semi-Empirical Approach to Projecting Future Sea-Level Rise"

Stefan Rahmstorf
Science 28 September 2007: 1866.
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