Social Cognition

Living in Societies

Caroline Ash, Gilbert Chin, Elizabeth Pennisi, and Andrew Sugden
Science 7 September 2007: 1337.
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News

All Together Now--Pull!

Greg Miller
Science 7 September 2007: 1338-1340.
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Sanctuaries Aid Research and Vice Versa

Greg Miller
Science 7 September 2007: 1339.
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The Promise of Parallel Universes

Greg Miller
Science 7 September 2007: 1341-1343.
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The Art of Virtual Persuasion

Greg Miller
Science 7 September 2007: 1343.
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Reviews

Evolution in the Social Brain

R. I. M. Dunbar and Susanne Shultz
Science 7 September 2007: 1344-1347.
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Social Components of Fitness in Primate Groups

Joan B. Silk
Science 7 September 2007: 1347-1351.
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Prospection: Experiencing the Future

Daniel T. Gilbert and Timothy D. Wilson
Science 7 September 2007: 1351-1354.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 7 September 2007: 1289.
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Editorial:
The Brain/Education Barrier

Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek and John T. Bruer
Science 7 September 2007: 1293.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 7 September 2007: 1295.
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Science Podcast

Science 7 September 2007: 1406.
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Gordon Research Conferences

Science 7 September 2007: 1407-1415.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 7 September 2007: 1406.
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News of the Week

GENOMICS: Puzzling Decline of U.S. Bees Linked to Virus From Australia

Erik Stokstad
Science 7 September 2007: 1304-1305.
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BIOMEDICINE: HIV Drug Shows Promise as Potential Cancer Treatment

Jon Cohen
Science 7 September 2007: 1305.
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JAPAN: New Centers to Have Stronger Foreign Flavor

Dennis Normile
Science 7 September 2007: 1307.
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PSYCHOLOGY: Nonhuman Primates Demonstrate Humanlike Reasoning

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 7 September 2007: 1308.
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U.S. RESEARCH POLICY: Med Schools Add Labs Despite Budget Crunch

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 7 September 2007: 1309-1310.
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IMPACT CRATERING: A Big Splat in the Asteroid Belt Doomed Earth's Dinosaurs

Richard A. Kerr
Science 7 September 2007: 1310.
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GENOMICS: Venter's Genome Sheds New Light on Human Variation

Jon Cohen
Science 7 September 2007: 1311.
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ScienceScope

Science 7 August 2007: 1307.
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Random Samples

Science 7 September 2007: 1301.
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Newsmakers

Science 7 September 2007: 1303.
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News Focus

WILDLIFE BIOLOGY: Can the Wild Tiger Survive?

Virginia Morell
Science 7 September 2007: 1312-1314.
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GENOMICS: DNA Duplications and Deletions Help Determine Health

Jon Cohen
Science 7 September 2007: 1315-1317.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Silicon Adds to Its Roster of Skills

Science 7 September 2007: 1318.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Antisense Particles Send Up a Flare

Robert F. Service
Science 7 September 2007: 1318.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Dipstick Test Flags Spoiling Food

Robert F. Service
Science 7 September 2007: 1319.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 7 September 2007: 1321.
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 A Proposal for a Decade of the Mind Initiative

James S. Albus, George A. Bekey, John H. Holland, Nancy G. Kanwisher, Jeffrey L. Krichmar, Mortimer Mishkin, Dharmendra S. Modha, Marcus E. Raichle, Gordon M. Shepherd, and Giulio Tononi
Science 7 September 2007: 1321.
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 Clarifying Cougar Management in Oregon

Clair Kunkel
Science 7 September 2007: 1322.
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 Characterizing Health Risks

Erik Rifkin, Edward Bouwer;, Kari Stefansson, and Augustine Kong
Science 7 September 2007: 1322-1324.
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 Interpreting Sequences from Mastodon and T. rex

John M. Asara, John S. Garavelli, David A. Slatter, Mary H. Schweitzer, Lisa M. Freimark, Matthew Phillips, and Lewis C. Cantley
Science 7 September 2007: 1324-1325.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 7 September 2007: 1325.
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Books et al.

BEHAVIOR: The Social Origin of Mind

Alison Jolly
Science 7 September 2007: 1326-1327.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE: The Productivity of Prediction and Explanation

Matthew L. Jones
Science 7 September 2007: 1327.
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Books Received

Science 7 September 2007: 1327.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: On The Road to Academic Greatness--A Parable

Daniel S. Greenberg
Science 7 September 2007: 1328-1329.
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Perspectives

PLANETARY SCIENCE: The Case of Saturn's Spin

Morris Podolak
Science 7 September 2007: 1330-1331.
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CELL BIOLOGY: The Stress of Relaxation

H. Criss Hartzell
Science 7 September 2007: 1331-1332.
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PHYSICS: Heavy Fermions in the Original Fermi Liquid

Christopher A. Hooley and Andrew P. Mackenzie
Science 7 September 2007: 1332-1333.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: "C"ing Arctic Climate with Black Ice

Richard B. Alley
Science 7 September 2007: 1333-1334.
Published online 9 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1147470] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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Brevia

Leptin Regulates Striatal Regions and Human Eating Behavior

I. Sadaf Farooqi, Edward Bullmore, Julia Keogh, Jonathan Gillard, Stephen O'Rahilly, and Paul C. Fletcher
Science 7 September 2007: 1355.
Published online 9 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1144599] (in Science Express Brevia)
A brain-imaging study of two leptin-deficient individuals suggests that this appetite-suppressing hormone acts to diminish the perception of food’s rewarding properties. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Bilayer ³He: A Simple Two-Dimensional Heavy-Fermion System with Quantum Criticality

Michael Neumann, Ján Nyéki, Brian Cowan, and John Saunders
Science 7 September 2007: 1356-1359.
Published online 26 July 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143607] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Thermodynamic measurements show that a bilayer of fluid 3He, the simplest Fermi system, surprisingly shows quantum criticality and can be used to study this phenomenon. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis

Esther Herrmann, Josep Call, María Victoria Hernàndez-Lloreda, Brian Hare, and Michael Tomasello
Science 7 September 2007: 1360-1366.
Children who are 2 and a half years old deal with quantities, space, and causality as well as adult chimps but far surpass them on social learning tasks, communication, and theory of mind skills. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Muscular Thin Films for Building Actuators and Powering Devices

Adam W. Feinberg, Alex Feigel, Sergey S. Shevkoplyas, Sean Sheehy, George M. Whitesides, and Kevin Kit Parker
Science 7 September 2007: 1366-1370.
Patterning of muscle cells grown on centimeter-scale, flexible substrates allows the free films to form actuators with complex three-dimensional shapes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Imaging of Arsenic Cottrell Atmospheres Around Silicon Defects by Three-Dimensional Atom Probe Tomography

Keith Thompson, Philip L. Flaitz, Paul Ronsheim, David J. Larson, and Thomas F. Kelly
Science 7 September 2007: 1370-1374.
Three-dimensional atom probe tomography locates individual dopant atoms and defects inside silicon and shows that the environment around them helps fix their location. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Soft X-ray-Driven Femtosecond Molecular Dynamics

Etienne Gagnon, Predrag Ranitovic, Xiao-Min Tong, C. L. Cocke, Margaret M. Murnane, Henry C. Kapteyn, and Arvinder S. Sandhu
Science 7 September 2007: 1374-1378.
An ultrashort laser pulse is used to eject an electron from diatomic nitrogen and to examine how other electrons, thus activated, cause the molecule to fall apart. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Basal Dromaeosaurid and Size Evolution Preceding Avian Flight

Alan H. Turner, Diego Pol, Julia A. Clarke, Gregory M. Erickson, and Mark A. Norell
Science 7 September 2007: 1378-1381.
A small Cretaceous dinosaur from Mongolia represents the basal divergence of the lineage leading to birds and shows that dinosaur size varied in this lineage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

20th-Century Industrial Black Carbon Emissions Altered Arctic Climate Forcing

Joseph R. McConnell, Ross Edwards, Gregory L. Kok, Mark G. Flanner, Charles S. Zender, Eric S. Saltzman, J. Ryan Banta, Daniel R. Pasteris, Megan M. Carter, and Jonathan D. W. Kahl
Science 7 September 2007: 1381-1384.
Published online 9 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1144856] (in Science Express Reports)
A Greenland ice core shows that black carbon particles have altered snow reflectivity and Arctic climate and were particularly abundant in the atmosphere from 1850 to 1950. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Saturn's Gravitational Field, Internal Rotation, and Interior Structure

John D. Anderson and Gerald Schubert
Science 7 September 2007: 1384-1387.
Cassini gravity data imply that Saturn is spinning faster than has been thought, implying that its equatorial winds are slower and higher-latitude winds blow east and west. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Asymmetry in the Structure of the ABC Transporter-Binding Protein Complex BtuCD-BtuF

Rikki N. Hvorup, Birke A. Goetz, Martina Niederer, Kaspar Hollenstein, Eduardo Perozo, and Kaspar P. Locher
Science 7 September 2007: 1387-1390.
Published online 2 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1145950] (in Science Express Reports)
The structure of a bacterial transporter for vitamin B12 and its binding protein partner reveals an occluded state that may represent an intermediate step in transport. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

LeuT-Desipramine Structure Reveals How Antidepressants Block Neurotransmitter Reuptake

Zheng Zhou, Juan Zhen, Nathan K. Karpowich, Regina M. Goetz, Christopher J. Law, Maarten E. A. Reith, and Da-Neng Wang
Science 7 September 2007: 1390-1393.
Published online 9 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1147614] (in Science Express Reports)
The structure of an antidepressant drug bound to a bacterial transporter reveals how these drugs may work on neurotransmitter transporters in humans. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cysteine Redox Sensor in PKGIa Enables Oxidant-Induced Activation

Joseph R. Burgoyne, Melanie Madhani, Friederike Cuello, Rebecca L. Charles, Jonathan P. Brennan, Ewald Schröder, Darren D. Browning, and Philip Eaton
Science 7 September 2007: 1393-1397.
Published online 23 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1144318] (in Science Express Reports)
An unusual redox-triggered dimerization can, like nitric oxide, activate cyclic GMP–dependent kinase to reduce blood pressure by decreasing tension in blood vessel walls. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Common Sequence Variants in the LOXL1 Gene Confer Susceptibility to Exfoliation Glaucoma

Gudmar Thorleifsson, Kristinn P. Magnusson, Patrick Sulem, G. Bragi Walters, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hreinn Stefansson, Thorlakur Jonsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Gerdur Stefansdottir, Gisli Masson, Gudmundur A. Hardarson, Hjorvar Petursson, Arsaell Arnarsson, Mehdi Motallebipour, Ola Wallerman, Claes Wadelius, Jeffrey R. Gulcher, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Augustine Kong, Fridbert Jonasson, and Kari Stefansson
Science 7 September 2007: 1397-1400.
Published online 9 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1146554] (in Science Express Reports)
A genome-wide study reveals that a type of glaucoma characterized by accumulation of fibrillar deposits in the eye is associated with a gene variant that modifies elastin fibers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Fusarium graminearum Genome Reveals a Link Between Localized Polymorphism and Pathogen Specialization

Christina A. Cuomo, Ulrich Güldener, Jin-Rong Xu, Frances Trail, B. Gillian Turgeon, Antonio Di Pietro, Jonathan D. Walton, Li-Jun Ma, Scott E. Baker, Martijn Rep, Gerhard Adam, John Antoniw, Thomas Baldwin, Sarah Calvo, Yueh-Long Chang, David DeCaprio, Liane R. Gale, Sante Gnerre, Rubella S. Goswami, Kim Hammond-Kosack, Linda J. Harris, Karen Hilburn, John C. Kennell, Scott Kroken, Jon K. Magnuson, Gertrud Mannhaupt, Evan Mauceli, Hans-Werner Mewes, Rudolf Mitterbauer, Gary Muehlbauer, Martin Münsterkötter, David Nelson, Kerry O'Donnell, Thérèse Ouellet, Weihong Qi, Hadi Quesneville, M. Isabel G. Roncero, Kye-Yong Seong, Igor V. Tetko, Martin Urban, Cees Waalwijk, Todd J. Ward, Jiqiang Yao, Bruce W. Birren, and H. Corby Kistler
Science 7 September 2007: 1400-1402.
The genome of a filamentous pathogenic fungus shows excess polymorphism in regions with high levels of recombination. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates

Justin N. Wood, David D. Glynn, Brenda C. Phillips, and Marc D. Hauser
Science 7 September 2007: 1402-1405.
Apes, as well as New and Old World monkeys, can analyze goal-directed actions and infer the underlying rationale. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|