This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 31 August 2007: 1141.
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Editorial:
Mixed Grill

Donald Kennedy
Science 31 August 2007: 1145.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 31 August 2007: 1147.
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Science Podcast

Science 31 August 2007: 1237.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 31 August 2007: 1237.
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News of the Week

CANCER RESEARCH: Texas Voters Asked to Approve $3 Billion Cancer Initiative

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 31 August 2007: 1154-1155.
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PARTICLE PHYSICS: Fermilab Proposes Way Station on the Road to the ILC

Adrian Cho
Science 31 August 2007: 1155.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Synthesis Mimics Natural Craftsmanship

Robert F. Service
Science 31 August 2007: 1157.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Judge Orders More Timely U.S. Reports

Eli Kintisch
Science 31 August 2007: 1158.
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ENDANGERED SPECIES: U.S. Announces Recovery Plan for a Ghost Bird

Erik Stokstad
Science 31 August 2007: 1158.
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AUSTRALIAN SCIENCE: New Misconduct Rules Aim to Minister to an Ailing System

Elizabeth Finkel
Science 31 August 2007: 1159.
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ScienceScope

Science 31 August 2007: 1157.
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Random Samples

Science 31 August 2007: 1151.
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Newsmakers

Science 31 August 2007: 1153.
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News Focus

ONCOLOGY: In Their Prime, and Dying of Cancer

Jennifer Couzin
Science 31 August 2007: 1160-1162.
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SPACE EXPLORATION: Asian Powers Shoot for the Moon With Orbiting Research Missions

Dennis Normile and Pallava Bagla
Science 31 August 2007: 1163.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Murder in Mesopotamia?

Andrew Lawler
Science 31 August 2007: 1164-1165.
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ECOLOGY: Doing Battle With the Green Monster of Taihu Lake

Lucie Guo
Science 31 August 2007: 1166.
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EARTH MONITORING: Scientists Seeking New Homes for Orbiting Climate Sensors

Eli Kintisch
Science 31 August 2007: 1167.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 31 August 2007: 1168.
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 The Risks and Advantages of Framing Science

Earle M. Holland;, Andrew Pleasant;, Stephen Quatrano;, Robert Gerst;, Matthew C. Nisbet, and Chris Mooney
Science 31 August 2007: 1168-1170.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 31 August 2007: 1170.
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 Undergraduate Education in Jordan

Rana Dajani
Science 31 August 2007: 1170-1171.
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 Data-Driven Education Research

Melanie M. Cooper
Science 31 August 2007: 1171.
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Books et al.

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY: Postgenomic Musings

Massimo Pigliucci
Science 31 August 2007: 1172-1173.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE: The U.S. in the Rebuilding of European Science

Jean-Paul Gaudillière
Science 31 August 2007: 1173-1174.
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Books Received

Science 31 August 2007: 1174.
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Education Forum

RETENTION: Engineering Education Research Aids Instruction

Norman L. Fortenberry, Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, Peter N. Jordan, and Daniel W. Knight
Science 31 August 2007: 1175-1176.
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Perspectives

GEOPHYSICS: Mapping the Earth's Engine

William F. McDonough
Science 31 August 2007: 1177-1178.
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ENGINEERING: Privacy By Design

George Duncan
Science 31 August 2007: 1178-1179.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: miRNAs in Neurodegeneration

Sébastien S. Hébert and Bart De Strooper
Science 31 August 2007: 1179-1180.
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STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY: Getting DNA to Unwind

Roxana E. Georgescu and Mike O'Donnell
Science 31 August 2007: 1181-1182.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: Polymer Therapeutics

Kristi L. Kiick
Science 31 August 2007: 1182-1183.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 31 August 2007: 1184-1187.
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Brevia

Early Urban Development in the Near East

Jason A. Ur, Philip Karsgaard, and Joan Oates
Science 31 August 2007: 1188.
The distribution of artifacts found in northeastern Syria indicates that a large urban area existed there at the time that the first cities appeared in southern Mesopotamia. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Epoxide-Opening Cascades Promoted by Water

Ivan Vilotijevic and Timothy F. Jamison
Science 31 August 2007: 1189-1192.
Water near pH 7 facilitates a series of ring-opening reactions that yield a complex toxin produced in red tides, a reaction that has proven elusive in organic solvents. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Alfvén Waves in the Solar Corona

S. Tomczyk, S. W. McIntosh, S. L. Keil, P. G. Judge, T. Schad, D. H. Seeley, and J. Edmondson
Science 31 August 2007: 1192-1196.
A distinct type of plasma wave is seen propagating upward into the solar corona, but its energy is insufficient to explain how the corona is heated to millions of degrees. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Superconducting Interfaces Between Insulating Oxides

N. Reyren, S. Thiel, A. D. Caviglia, L. Fitting Kourkoutis, G. Hammerl, C. Richter, C. W. Schneider, T. Kopp, A.-S. Rüetschi, D. Jaccard, M. Gabay, D. A. Muller, J.-M. Triscone, and J. Mannhart
Science 31 August 2007: 1196-1199.
Published online 2 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1146006] (in Science Express Reports)
The interface of two oxide insulators, LaAlO₃ and SrTiO₃, becomes superconducting at 200 millikelvin. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Large Magnetic Anisotropy of a Single Atomic Spin Embedded in a Surface Molecular Network

Cyrus F. Hirjibehedin, Chiung-Yuan Lin, Alexander F. Otte, Markus Ternes, Christopher P. Lutz, Barbara A. Jones, and Andreas J. Heinrich
Science 31 August 2007: 1199-1203.
The tip of a scanning tunneling microscope can be used to place individual iron and manganese atoms on a copper film and form large atomic-scale magnetic anisotropies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Current-Induced Hydrogen Tautomerization and Conductance Switching of Naphthalocyanine Molecules

Peter Liljeroth, Jascha Repp, and Gerhard Meyer
Science 31 August 2007: 1203-1206.
Electron currents from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope can flip the positions of hydrogen atoms in a surface-adsorbed molecule and change its conductivity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coupled Ferric Oxides and Sulfates on the Martian Surface

J.-P. Bibring, R. E. Arvidson, A. Gendrin, B. Gondet, Y. Langevin, S. Le Mouelic, N. Mangold, R. V. Morris, J. F. Mustard, F. Poulet, C. Quantin, and C. Sotin
Science 31 August 2007: 1206-1210.
Published online 2 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1144174] (in Science Express Reports)
Satellite observations show that oxidized iron minerals appear with sulfate deposits in ancient rocks on Mars, suggesting that acidic groundwater pervaded several regions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Replication Origin Recognition and Deformation by a Heterodimeric Archaeal Orc1 Complex

Erin L. Cunningham Dueber, Jacob E. Corn, Stephen D. Bell, and James M. Berger
Science 31 August 2007: 1210-1213.
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Structural Basis of DNA Replication Origin Recognition by an ORC Protein

Martin Gaudier, Barbara S. Schuwirth, Sarah L. Westcott, and Dale B. Wigley
Science 31 August 2007: 1213-1216.
The DNA-bound structures of two protein factors that initiate DNA replication in archaea show how they dramatically deform the DNA duplex, priming it for unwinding. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of a Tyrosine Phosphatase Adhesive Interaction Reveals a Spacer-Clamp Mechanism

A. Radu Aricescu, Christian Siebold, Kaushik Choudhuri, Veronica T. Chang, Weixian Lu, Simon J. Davis, P. Anton van der Merwe, and E. Yvonne Jones
Science 31 August 2007: 1217-1220.
Between adhering cells, pairs of tyrosine phosphatases, one protruding from each cell and equal in length to the space between them, position each phosphatase near its substrate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A MicroRNA Feedback Circuit in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

Jongpil Kim, Keiichi Inoue, Jennifer Ishii, William B. Vanti, Sergey V. Voronov, Elizabeth Murchison, Gregory Hannon, and Asa Abeliovich
Science 31 August 2007: 1220-1224.
MicroRNAs are required for the maturation and function of midbrain dopamine neurons, and loss of a particular miRNA may underlie Parkinson’s disease. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cap-Independent Translation Is Required for Starvation-Induced Differentiation in Yeast

Wendy V. Gilbert, Kaihong Zhou, Tamira K. Butler, and Jennifer A. Doudna
Science 31 August 2007: 1224-1227.
Upon starvation, instead of translating mRNA from one end to the other, yeast translate some mRNAs from internal entry sites, generating an invasive growth phenotype. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Strand-Biased Spreading of Mutations During Somatic Hypermutation

Shyam Unniraman and David G. Schatz
Science 31 August 2007: 1227-1230.
The mutations that underlie antibody diversity are created by error-prone DNA repair triggered in the nontemplate DNA strand but not in the template strand. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Localization of a Stable Neural Correlate of Associative Memory

Leon G. Reijmers, Brian L. Perkins, Naoki Matsuo, and Mark Mayford
Science 31 August 2007: 1230-1233.
The neurons activated in the amygdala when a mouse learns to fear a particular location are also activated when the mouse recalls that fear. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Land-Use Allocation Protects the Peruvian Amazon

Paulo J. C. Oliveira, Gregory P. Asner, David E. Knapp, Angélica Almeyda, Ricardo Galván-Gildemeister, Sam Keene, Rebecca F. Raybin, and Richard C. Smith
Science 31 August 2007: 1233-1236.
Published online 9 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1146324] (in Science Express Reports)
Fine-scale satellite monitoring of deforestation and logging in Peruvian rainforests suggests that land-use and conservation policies are effective in reducing forest losses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Deep Mixing of ³He: Reconciling Big Bang and Stellar Nucleosynthesis"

Dana S. Balser, Robert T. Rood, and T. M. Bania
Science 31 August 2007: 1170.
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