This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 24 August 2007: 1005.
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Editorial:
STEM--But No Stem

Donald Kennedy
Science 24 August 2007: 1009.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 24 August 2007: 1010.
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Science Podcast

Science 24 August 2007: 1106.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 24 August 2007: 1106.
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News of the Week

PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Fossil Teeth From Ethiopia Support Early, African Origin for Apes

Ann Gibbons
Science 24 August 2007: 1016-1017.
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POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING: NSF, NIH Emphasize the Importance of Mentoring

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 24 August 2007: 1016.
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VIROLOGY: China, Vietnam Grapple With 'Rapidly Evolving' Pig Virus

Dennis Normile
Science 24 August 2007: 1017.
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RIVER MONITORING: New York Research Institute Hopes to Go With the Flow

Erik Stokstad
Science 24 August 2007: 1019.
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PSYCHOLOGY: Out-of-Body Experiences Enter the Laboratory

Greg Miller
Science 24 August 2007: 1020-1021.
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GENETICS: Epidemiologist Sees Flaws in Papers on Genes and Gender

Jennifer Couzin
Science 24 August 2007: 1020-1021.
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ScienceScope

Science 24 August 2007: 1019.
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Random Samples

Science 24 August 2007: 1013.
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Newsmakers

Science 24 August 2007: 1015.
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News Focus

INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Racing to Defuse a Bacterial Time Bomb

Richard Stone
Science 24 August 2007: 1022-1024.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Curation in Crisis

Michael Bawaya
Science 24 August 2007: 1025-1026.
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EDUCATION: Who Ranks the University Rankers?

Martin Enserink
Science 24 August 2007: 1026-1028.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Cancer's Perpetual Source?

Jean Marx
Science 24 August 2007: 1029-1031.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Murder in Mesopotamia?

Andrew Lawler
Science 24 August 2007: 1164-1165.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 24 August 2007: 1032.
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 Another Threat to Borneo's Rainforests?

Francis Q. Brearley
Science 24 August 2007: 1032.
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 Ocean Acidification and Scleractinian Corals

George D. Stanley Jr.;, Maoz Fine, and Dan Tchernov
Science 24 August 2007: 1032-1033.
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 Trait or State?

John C. Crabbe, Christopher L. Cunningham;, Jeffrey W. Dalley, Barry J. Everitt, and Trevor W. Robbins
Science 24 August 2007: 1033-1035.
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 Stepping Down from the CIHR

Alan Bernstein
Science 24 August 2007: 1035.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 24 August 2007: 1035-1036.
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Books et al.

PHARMACOLOGY: Tales of the Wonder Drug

Nicolas Rasmussen
Science 24 August 2007: 1037-1038.
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ENTOMOLOGY: Pop Fly

May Berenbaum
Science 24 August 2007: 1038.
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Books Received

Science 24 August 2007: 1038.
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Policy Forum

SOCIAL SCIENCE: Sacred Barriers to Conflict Resolution

Scott Atran, Robert Axelrod, and Richard Davis
Science 24 August 2007: 1039-1040.
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Perspectives

MICROBIOLOGY: A Bacterial Pathogen Sees the Light

John T. M. Kennis and Sean Crosson
Science 24 August 2007: 1041-1042.
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ECONOMICS: Money Illusion and the Market

Jean-Robert Tyran
Science 24 August 2007: 1042-1043.
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NEUROSCIENCE: The Threatened Brain

Stephen Maren
Science 24 August 2007: 1043-1044.
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BIOCHEMISTRY: Crowds of Syntaxins

Stephen H. White
Science 24 August 2007: 1045-1046.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: The Oldest Fossil or Just Another Rock?

John M. Eiler
Science 24 August 2007: 1046-1047.
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Brevia

The Experimental Induction of Out-of-Body Experiences

H. Henrik Ehrsson
Science 24 August 2007: 1048.
Visual and sensory stimuli that mimic subjects viewing themselves from a distance produced a center of awareness (or sense of self) outside their bodies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Mesoscopic Phase Coherence in a Quantum Spin Fluid

Guangyong Xu, C. Broholm, Yeong-Ah Soh, G. Aeppli, J. F. DiTusa, Ying Chen, M. Kenzelmann, C. D. Frost, T. Ito, K. Oka, and H. Takagi
Science 24 August 2007: 1049-1052.
Published online 26 July 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143831] (in Science Express Reports)
Neutron scattering measurements on a quantum spin fluid reveal the development of mesoscopic quantum phase coherence in a system without classical static magnetic order. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Electron-Induced Oxygen Desorption from the TiO₂(011)-2x1 Surface Leads to Self-Organized Vacancies

Olga Dulub, Matthias Batzilln, Sergey Solovev, Elena Loginova, Alim Alchagirov, Theodore E. Madey, and Ulrike Diebold
Science 24 August 2007: 1052-1056.
Removal of oxygen from a TiO₂ surface by electron bombardment hinders desorption of other nearby oxygen atoms, allowing specific patterns of vacancies to be formed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dinitrogen Dissociation on an Isolated Surface Tantalum Atom

P. Avenier, M. Taoufik, A. Lesage, X. Solans-Monfort, A. Baudouin, A. de Mallmann, L. Veyre, J.-M. Basset, O. Eisenstein, L. Emsley, and E. A. Quadrelli
Science 24 August 2007: 1056-1060.
A complex containing hydrogen and one tantalum atom can split the strong triple bond in N₂, in contrast to established catalysts that rely on the cooperation of several metals Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation in the F+ o-D₂ DF + D Reaction

Li Che, Zefeng Ren, Xingan Wang, Wenrui Dong, Dongxu Dai, Xiuyan Wang, Dong H. Zhang, Xueming Yang, Liusi Sheng, Guoliang Li, Hans-Joachim Werner, François Lique, and Millard H. Alexander
Science 24 August 2007: 1061-1064.
Simulations that account for the simultaneous rearrangements of electrons and nuclei precisely match the experimental dynamics of a problematic triatomic chemical reaction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Glaciers Dominate Eustatic Sea-Level Rise in the 21st Century

Mark F. Meier, Mark B. Dyurgerov, Ursula K. Rick, Shad O'Neel, W. Tad Pfeffer, Robert S. Anderson, Suzanne P. Anderson, and Andrey F. Glazovsky
Science 24 August 2007: 1064-1067.
Published online 19 July 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143906] (in Science Express Reports)
Alone, accelerated melting of glaciers and ice caps other than the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets may raise sea levels by up to 0.25 meters during this century. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Southern Ocean Biological Response to Aeolian Iron Deposition

Nicolas Cassar, Michael L. Bender, Bruce A. Barnett, Songmiao Fan, Walter J. Moxim, Hiram Levy, II, and Bronte Tilbrook
Science 24 August 2007: 1067-1070.
Windblown iron-rich dust across large regions of the Southern Ocean enhances photosynthesis by phytoplankton and eventually settlement of carbon to the sea floor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Evolution of Selfing in Arabidopsis thaliana

Chunlao Tang, Christopher Toomajian, Susan Sherman-Broyles, Vincent Plagnol, Ya-Long Guo, Tina T. Hu, Richard M. Clark, June B. Nasrallah, Detlef Weigel, and Magnus Nordborg
Science 24 August 2007: 1070-1072.
Published online 26 July 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143153] (in Science Express Reports)
An analysis of sex genes shows that at several times throughout its history—-including about 1 million years ago—-Arabidopsis has developed the ability to self-fertilize. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Anatomy and Dynamics of a Supramolecular Membrane Protein Cluster

Jochen J. Sieber, Katrin I. Willig, Carsten Kutzner, Claas Gerding-Reimers, Benjamin Harke, Gerald Donnert, Burkhard Rammner, Christian Eggeling, Stefan W. Hell, Helmut Grubmüller, and Thorsten Lang
Science 24 August 2007: 1072-1076.
Clusters of about 75 molecules of the membrane protein syntaxin result from weak attraction among the proteins balanced by steric repulsion induced by crowding. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Domain Architecture of Pyruvate Carboxylase, a Biotin-Dependent Multifunctional Enzyme

Martin St. Maurice, Laurie Reinhardt, Kathy H. Surinya, Paul V. Attwood, John C. Wallace, W. Wallace Cleland, and Ivan Rayment
Science 24 August 2007: 1076-1079.
Biotin activation of the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase decreases the distance between the two active sites, facilitating the transfer of a carboxyl group from one to the other. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

When Fear Is Near: Threat Imminence Elicits Prefrontal-Periaqueductal Gray Shifts in Humans

Dean Mobbs, Predrag Petrovic, Jennifer L. Marchant, Demis Hassabis, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Ben Seymour, Raymond J. Dolan, and Christopher D. Frith
Science 24 August 2007: 1079-1083.
Brain activity in fearful humans occurs in the cognitively advanced prefrontal cortex when the threat is far away but switches to the midbrain as the threat draws near. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Astrocytes Potentiate Transmitter Release at Single Hippocampal Synapses

Gertrudis Perea and Alfonso Araque
Science 24 August 2007: 1083-1086.
Certain synapses strengthen upon coincident secretion of the neurotransmitter glutamate from a neighboring astrocyte, suggesting that astrocytes contribute to learning. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CHD1 Motor Protein Is Required for Deposition of Histone Variant H3.3 into Chromatin in Vivo

Alexander Y. Konev, Martin Tribus, Sung Yeon Park, Valerie Podhraski, Chin Yan Lim, Alexander V. Emelyanov, Elena Vershilova, Vincenzo Pirrotta, James T. Kadonaga, Alexandra Lusser, and Dmitry V. Fyodorov
Science 24 August 2007: 1087-1090.
A motor protein known to remodel chromatin is also required for histone assembly on the paternal genome during early development in Drosophila. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Blue-Light-Activated Histidine Kinases: Two-Component Sensors in Bacteria

Trevor E. Swartz, Tong-Seung Tseng, Marcus A. Frederickson, Gastón Paris, Diego J. Comerci, Gireesh Rajashekara, Jung-Gun Kim, Mary Beth Mudgett, Gary A. Splitter, Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Fernando A. Goldbaum, Winslow R. Briggs, and Roberto A. Bogomolni
Science 24 August 2007: 1090-1093.
A light-activated enzyme with a flavin chromophore is found in several bacterial species, and in one of these it regulates light-stimulated macrophage infection. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Temporal Fragmentation of Speciation in Bacteria

Adam C. Retchless and Jeffrey G. Lawrence
Science 24 August 2007: 1093-1096.
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria can be considered to form new species when lineage-specific genes no longer recombine, long before recombination at other genes ceases completely. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Video Ergo Sum: Manipulating Bodily Self-Consciousness

Bigna Lenggenhager, Tej Tadi, Thomas Metzinger, and Olaf Blanke
Science 24 August 2007: 1096-1099.
Visual and sensory stimuli that mimic subjects viewing themselves from a distance produced a center of awareness (or sense of self) outside their bodies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on Papers by Evans et al. and Mekel-Bobrov et al. on Evidence for Positive Selection of MCPH1 and ASPM

Nicholas Timpson, Jon Heron, George Davey Smith, and Wolfgang Enard
Science 24 August 2007: 1036.
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Response to Comments by Timpson et al. and Yu et al.

Nitzan Mekel-Bobrov and Bruce T. Lahn
Science 24 August 2007: 1036.
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