This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 13 July 2007: 165.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Mixed Messages About Climate

Donald Kennedy
Science 13 July 2007: 169.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 13 July 2007: 170.
|Full Text »

Science Podcast

Science 13 July 2007: 261.
Summary »|   Transcript »|  

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 13 July 2007: 261.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

ASTROPHYSICS: Enormous Detector Forces Rethink Of Highest Energy Cosmic Rays

Adrian Cho
Science 13 July 2007: 178-179.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

HIV/AIDS: India Slashes Estimate of HIV-Infected People

Jon Cohen
Science 13 July 2007: 179-181.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

AWARDS: Science Wins Communication Award

Science 13 July 2007: 181.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CLIMATE CHANGE: Record U.S. Warmth of 2006 Was Part Natural, Part Greenhouse

Richard A. Kerr
Science 13 July 2007: 182-183.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ECOTOXICOLOGY: Canadian Study Reveals New Class of Potential POPs

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 13 July 2007: 182-183.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 13 July 2007: 181.
|Full Text »

Random Samples

Science 13 July 2007: 175.
|Full Text »

Newsmakers

Science 13 July 2007: 177.
|Full Text »

News Focus

POWER GENERATION: Making Dirty Coal Plants Cleaner

Eli Kintisch
Science 13 July 2007: 184-186.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

POWER GENERATION: A Career CO₂ Hunter Goes After Big Game

Eli Kintisch
Science 13 July 2007: 186.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

STEM CELLS: Prominent Researchers Join the Attack on Stem Cell Patents

Constance Holden
Science 13 July 2007: 187.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PROFILE: ALBERT AMMERMAN: Exploring the Prehistory of Europe, in a Few Bold Leaps

John Bohannon
Science 13 July 2007: 188-189.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROSCIENCE: Autism's Cause May Reside in Abnormalities at the Synapse

Ken Garber
Science 13 July 2007: 190-191.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIODIVERSITY CRISIS ON TROPICAL ISLANDS: Last-Gasp Effort to Save Borneo's Tropical Rainforests

Richard Stone
Science 13 July 2007: 192.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIODIVERSITY CRISIS ON TROPICAL ISLANDS: Paradise Lost, Then Regained

Richard Stone
Science 13 July 2007: 193.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIODIVERSITY CRISIS ON TROPICAL ISLANDS: From Flying Foes to Fantastic Friends

Richard Stone
Science 13 July 2007: 193.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 13 July 2007: 194.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

 Keeping the U.S. a World Leader in Science

James M. Gentile
Science 13 July 2007: 194.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Experimental Data for Structure Papers

T. Alwyn Jones and Gerard J. Kleywegt
Science 13 July 2007: 194-195.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 PDB Improvement Starts with Data Deposition

Robbie P. Joosten and Gert Vriend
Science 13 July 2007: 195-196.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Permanent Reversal of Diabetes in NOD Mice

Denise L. Faustman
Science 13 July 2007: 196.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 A Diver's Perspective on Coral Damage

Norman Karin
Science 13 July 2007: 196-197.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books et al.

FILM: CLIMATE: Trying to Get Us to Change Course

Rush Holt
Science 13 July 2007: 198-199.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

WOMEN IN SCIENCE: Can Evidence Inform the Debate?

Marcia C. Linn
Science 13 July 2007: 199-200.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Browsing

Science 13 July 2007: 200.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 13 July 2007: 200.
Summary »|  

Policy Forum

ECONOMICS: Critical Assumptions in the Stern Review on Climate Change

William Nordhaus
Science 13 July 2007: 201-202.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ECONOMICS: Climate Change: Risk, Ethics, and the Stern Review

Nicholas Stern and Chris Taylor
Science 13 July 2007: 203-204.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

BIOCHEMISTRY: Toward Methylmercury Bioremediation

James G. Omichinski
Science 13 July 2007: 205-206.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOCHEMISTRY: PI3K Charges Ahead

Jennifer Y. Lee, Jeffrey A. Engelman, and Lewis C. Cantley
Science 13 July 2007: 206-207.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CLIMATE CHANGE: A Changing Climate for Prediction

Peter Cox and David Stephenson
Science 13 July 2007: 207-208.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: How and When the Genome Sticks Together

Erwan Watrin and Jan-Michael Peters
Science 13 July 2007: 209-210.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

COMPUTER SCIENCE: Happy Birthday, Dear Viruses

Richard Ford and Eugene H. Spafford
Science 13 July 2007: 210-211.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GEOCHEMISTRY: Strange Water in the Solar System

Edward D. Young
Science 13 July 2007: 211-212.
Published online 14 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1145055] (in Science Express Perspectives)
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Extraordinary Flux in Sex Ratio

Sylvain Charlat, Emily A. Hornett, James H. Fullard, Neil Davies, George K. Roderick, Nina Wedell, and Gregory D. D. Hurst
Science 13 July 2007: 214.
The sex ratio in a butterfly population shifted very rapidly from close to zero males to a 1-to-1 male-female ratio in only a few generations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Prefrontal Regions Orchestrate Suppression of Emotional Memories via a Two-Phase Process

Brendan E. Depue, Tim Curran, and Marie T. Banich
Science 13 July 2007: 215-219.
During normal suppression of emotional memories, the prefrontal cortex inhibits memory-related brain regions, a process that may go awry in certain psychiatric conditions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Scattering and Interference in Epitaxial Graphene

G. M. Rutter, J. N. Crain, N. P. Guisinger, T. Li, P. N. First, and J. A. Stroscio
Science 13 July 2007: 219-222.
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows that electronically active defects in graphene sheets scatter electrons, leading to constructive interference. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Efficient Tandem Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by All-Solution Processing

Jin Young Kim, Kwanghee Lee, Nelson E. Coates, Daniel Moses, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Mark Dante, and Alan J. Heeger
Science 13 July 2007: 222-225.
A tandem solar cell, in which two cells are connected by a transparent conductor in order to use more of the solar spectrum, can be synthesized entirely from solution. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cleaving Mercury-Alkyl Bonds: A Functional Model for Mercury Detoxification by MerB

Jonathan G. Melnick and Gerard Parkin
Science 13 July 2007: 225-227.
A ligand with three coordinating sulfur groups mimics a bacterial enzyme and cleaves toxic mercury compounds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Magmatic Gas Composition Reveals the Source Depth of Slug-Driven Strombolian Explosive Activity

Mike Burton, Patrick Allard, Filippo Muré, and Alessandro La Spina
Science 13 July 2007: 227-230.
Magmatic gas compositions show that a type of volcanic explosion is driven by gas rising up from several kilometers, deeper than suggested by the accompanying earthquakes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Remnants of the Early Solar System Water Enriched in Heavy Oxygen Isotopes

Naoya Sakamoto, Yusuke Seto, Shoichi Itoh, Kiyoshi Kuramoto, Kiyoshi Fujino, Kazuhide Nagashima, Alexander N. Krot, and Hisayoshi Yurimoto
Science 13 July 2007: 231-233.
Published online 14 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142021] (in Science Express Reports)
Material extremely enriched in the heavy isotopes of oxygen is abundant in the matrix of a primitive meteorite, identifying a distinct water reservoir in the early solar system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

How Much More Rain Will Global Warming Bring?

Frank J. Wentz, Lucrezia Ricciardulli, Kyle Hilburn, and Carl Mears
Science 13 July 2007: 233-235.
Published online 31 May 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140746] (in Science Express Reports)
Humidity and precipitation unexpectedly increased at the same rate in response to global warming during the past 20 years, yielding more rainfall than predicted by models. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Food Web–Specific Biomagnification of Persistent Organic Pollutants

Barry C. Kelly, Michael G. Ikonomou, Joel D. Blair, Anne E. Morin, and Frank A. P. C. Gobas
Science 13 July 2007: 236-239.
Some hazardous organic compounds that do not accumulate in fish or aquatic food webs do accumulate through food webs of air-breathing mammals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mechanism of Two Classes of Cancer Mutations in the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit

Nabil Miled, Ying Yan, Wai-Ching Hon, Olga Perisic, Marketa Zvelebil, Yuval Inbar, Dina Schneidman-Duhovny, Haim J. Wolfson, Jonathan M. Backer, and Roger L. Williams
Science 13 July 2007: 239-242.
Structural and functional studies suggest that mutations in two noncatalytic domains of an important kinase can cause cancer by releasing an inhibitor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Postreplicative Formation of Cohesion Is Required for Repair and Induced by a Single DNA Break

Lena Ström, Charlotte Karlsson, Hanna Betts Lindroos, Sara Wedahl, Yuki Katou, Katsuhiko Shirahige, and Camilla Sjögren
Science 13 July 2007: 242-245.
The close association of two sister chromatids can occur as a result of DNA damage and does not require simultaneous DNA replication, as previously thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

DNA Double-Strand Breaks Trigger Genome-Wide Sister-Chromatid Cohesion Through Eco1 (Ctf7)

Elçin Ünal, Jill M. Heidinger-Pauli, and Douglas Koshland
Science 13 July 2007: 245-248.
The close association of two sister chromatids can occur as a result of DNA damage and does not require simultaneous DNA replication, as previously thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Developmentally Regulated Activation of a SINE B2 Repeat as a Domain Boundary in Organogenesis

Victoria V. Lunyak, Gratien G. Prefontaine, Esperanza Núñez, Thorsten Cramer, Bong-Gun Ju, Kenneth A. Ohgi, Kasey Hutt, Rosa Roy, Angel García-Díaz, Xiaoyan Zhu, Yun Yung, Lluís Montoliu, Christopher K. Glass, and Michael G. Rosenfeld
Science 13 July 2007: 248-251.
A repetitive DNA segment in the growth hormone gene is transcribed during pituitary development and establishes chromatin structure for activation of gene transcription. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Combinatorial ShcA Docking Interactions Support Diversity in Tissue Morphogenesis

W. Rod Hardy, Lingying Li, Zhi Wang, Jiri Sedy, James Fawcett, Eric Frank, Jan Kucera, and Tony Pawson
Science 13 July 2007: 251-256.
Distinct subsets of the available interaction domains of a scaffolding protein are recruited in muscle and heart to support tissue-specific developmental programs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reciprocal T_H17 and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation Mediated by Retinoic Acid

Daniel Mucida, Yunji Park, Gisen Kim, Olga Turovskaya, Iain Scott, Mitchell Kronenberg, and Hilde Cheroutre
Science 13 July 2007: 256-260.
Published online 14 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1145697] (in Science Express Reports)
The decision to promote distinct immune cells, which either prevent or promote inflammation, is regulated by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Maternal Oxytocin Triggers a Transient Inhibitory Switch in GABA Signaling in the Fetal Brain During Delivery"

Lionel Carbillon
Science 13 July 2007: 197.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Response to Comment on "Maternal Oxytocin Triggers a Transient Inhibitory Switch in GABA Signaling in the Fetal Brain During Delivery"

Roman Tyzio, Rosa Cossart, Ilgam Khalilov, Alfonso Represa, Yehezkel Ben-Ari, and Rustem Khazipov
Science 13 July 2007: 197.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|