This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 22 June 2007: 1665.
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Editorial:
Fixing the Drug Laws

Donald Kennedy
Science 22 June 2007: 1669.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 22 June 2007: 1670.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 22 June 2007: 1768.
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News of the Week

ENDANGERED SPECIES: Elephants Take Center Ring at CITES

Virginia Morell
Science 22 June 2007: 1678-1679.
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ENDANGERED SPECIES: Corals: Suffering From Whiplash

Virginia Morell
Science 22 June 2007: 1678.
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CLINICAL RESEARCH: No Lifeline for Proposed Breast Cancer Prevention Trial

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 22 June 2007: 1679.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: Osaka University Researchers Reject Demand to Retract Science Paper

Dennis Normile
Science 22 June 2007: 1681.
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DNA SYNTHESIS: Gene-Synthesis Companies Join Forces to Self-Regulate

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 22 June 2007: 1682.
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SCIENTIFIC PRIZES: U.S. National Medals: For Men Only?

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 22 June 2007: 1683.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: Science Editor-in-Chief to Retire

Science 22 June 2007: 1683.
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ScienceScope

Science 22 June 2007: 1681.
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Random Samples

Science 22 June 2007: 1675.
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Newsmakers

Science 22 June 2007: 1677.
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News Focus

AQUATIC ECOLOGY: The Last of the Leviathans

Richard Stone
Science 22 June 2007: 1684-1688.
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AQUATIC ECOLOGY: On Life Support

Richard Stone
Science 22 June 2007: 1688.
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SPECIES CONSERVATION: Can the Bald Eagle Still Soar After It Is Delisted?

Erik Stokstad
Science 22 June 2007: 1689-1690.
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POPULATION GENETICS: Population Geneticists Move Beyond the Single Gene

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 22 June 2007: 1690-1692.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: Congress Splits Over Plan to Consolidate Intelligence Research

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 22 June 2007: 1693.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 22 June 2007: 1694.
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 The Utility of Standardized Tests

Manuel Lerdau, Christopher Avery;, Bernard Brown;, James L. Sherley;, Nathan R. Kuncel, and Sarah A. Hezlett
Science 22 June 2007: 1694-1697.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 22 June 2007: 1698.
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Books et al.

ECOLOGY: Remodeled Foundations

Simon A. Levin
Science 22 June 2007: 1699-1700.
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PLANT SCIENCE: Explaining Floral Diversity

Beryl B. Simpson
Science 22 June 2007: 1700.
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Books Received

Science 22 June 2007: 1700.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT: Taking Science Out of the Box--Foresight Recast

David A. King and Sandy M. Thomas
Science 22 June 2007: 1701-1702.
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Perspectives

GENETICS: A Breakthrough for Global Public Health

Dave D. Chadee, Pattamaporn Kittayapong, Amy C. Morrison, and Walter J. Tabachnick
Science 22 June 2007: 1703-1704.
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CHEMISTRY: Resolving an Elusive Structure

R. Lee Penn
Science 22 June 2007: 1704-1705.
Published online 24 May 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1144002] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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PHYSICS: Is There Glue in Cuprate Superconductors?

Philip W. Anderson
Science 22 June 2007: 1705-1707.
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CHEMISTRY: Making Energy Count

F. Fleming Crim
Science 22 June 2007: 1707-1708.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Reassessing Carbon Sinks

David F. Baker
Science 22 June 2007: 1708-1709.
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CELL SIGNALING: Nuclear Actin as Choreographer of Cell Morphology and Transcription

Jiang I. Wu and Gerald R. Crabtree
Science 22 June 2007: 1710-1711.
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PSYCHOLOGY: Birth Order and Intelligence

Frank J. Sulloway
Science 22 June 2007: 1711-1712.
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Review

Current Problems in the Management of Marine Fisheries

J. R. Beddington, D. J. Agnew, and C. W. Clark
Science 22 June 2007: 1713-1716.
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Brevia

Explaining the Relation Between Birth Order and Intelligence

Petter Kristensen and Tor Bjerkedal
Science 22 June 2007: 1717.
The tendency for first-born children to have higher IQs can be explained by social interaction within the family rather than by biological effects in utero. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Genome Sequence of Aedes aegypti, a Major Arbovirus Vector

Vishvanath Nene, Jennifer R. Wortman, Daniel Lawson, Brian Haas, Chinnappa Kodira, Zhijian (Jake) Tu, Brendan Loftus, Zhiyong Xi, Karyn Megy, Manfred Grabherr, Quinghu Ren, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Neil F. Lobo, Kathryn S. Campbell, Susan E. Brown, Maria F. Bonaldo, Jingsong Zhu, Steven P. Sinkins, David G. Hogenkamp, Paolo Amedeo, Peter Arensburger, Peter W. Atkinson, Shelby Bidwell, Jim Biedler, Ewan Birney, Robert V. Bruggner, Javier Costas, Monique R. Coy, Jonathan Crabtree, Matt Crawford, Becky deBruyn, David DeCaprio, Karin Eiglmeier, Eric Eisenstadt, Hamza El-Dorry, William M. Gelbart, Suely L. Gomes, Martin Hammond, Linda I. Hannick, James R. Hogan, Michael H. Holmes, David Jaffe, J. Spencer Johnston, Ryan C. Kennedy, Hean Koo, Saul Kravitz, Evgenia V. Kriventseva, David Kulp, Kurt LaButti, Eduardo Lee, Song Li, Diane D. Lovin, Chunhong Mao, Evan Mauceli, Carlos F. M. Menck, Jason R. Miller, Philip Montgomery, Akio Mori, Ana L. Nascimento, Horacio F. Naveira, Chad Nusbaum, Sinéad O'Leary, Joshua Orvis, Mihaela Pertea, Hadi Quesneville, Kyanne R. Reidenbach, Yu-Hui Rogers, Charles W. Roth, Jennifer R. Schneider, Michael Schatz, Martin Shumway, Mario Stanke, Eric O. Stinson, Jose M. C. Tubio, Janice P. VanZee, Sergio Verjovski-Almeida, Doreen Werner, Owen White, Stefan Wyder, Qiandong Zeng, Qi Zhao, Yongmei Zhao, Catherine A. Hill, Alexander S. Raikhel, Marcelo B. Soares, Dennis L. Knudson, Norman H. Lee, James Galagan, Steven L. Salzberg, Ian T. Paulsen, George Dimopoulos, Frank H. Collins, Bruce Birren, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, and David W. Severson
Science 22 June 2007: 1718-1723.
Published online 17 May 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138878] (in Science Express Research Articles)
The genome of the mosquito that carries dengue and yellow fever consists of almost 50 percent transposable elements and over 15,000 protein-coding genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Do Vibrational Excitations of CHD₃ Preferentially Promote Reactivity Toward the Chlorine Atom?

Shannon Yan, Yen-Tien Wu, Bailin Zhang, Xian-Fang Yue, and Kopin Liu
Science 22 June 2007: 1723-1726.
Precisely controlled molecular collision experiments unexpectedly reveal that translational energy can promote reactivity as effectively as vibrational energy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

The Structure of Ferrihydrite, a Nanocrystalline Material

F. Marc Michel, Lars Ehm, Sytle M. Antao, Peter L. Lee, Peter J. Chupas, Gang Liu, Daniel R. Strongin, Martin A. A. Schoonen, Brian L. Phillips, and John B. Parise
Science 22 June 2007: 1726-1729.
Published online 24 May 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142525] (in Science Express Reports)
Analysis of x-ray scattering data reveals the crystal structure of ferrihydrite, a ubiquitous nanometer-sized iron phase, and shows that it is a single compound, not a mixture. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Deformation of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ Post-Perovskite and D'' Anisotropy

Sébastien Merkel, Allen K. McNamara, Atsushi Kubo, Sergio Speziale, Lowell Miyagi, Yue Meng, Thomas S. Duffy, and Hans-Rudolf Wenk
Science 22 June 2007: 1729-1732.
Deformation of a deep mantle mineral is accommodated predominately by slip along certain planes in the crystal, explaining seismic signatures at the core mantle boundary. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Weak Northern and Strong Tropical Land Carbon Uptake from Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric CO₂

Britton B. Stephens, Kevin R. Gurney, Pieter P. Tans, Colm Sweeney, Wouter Peters, Lori Bruhwiler, Philippe Ciais, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Bousquet, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Shuji Aoki, Toshinobu Machida, Gen Inoue, Nikolay Vinnichenko, Jon Lloyd, Armin Jordan, Martin Heimann, Olga Shibistova, Ray L. Langenfelds, L. Paul Steele, Roger J. Francey, and A. Scott Denning
Science 22 June 2007: 1732-1735.
Atmospheric models that account for the vertical distribution of CO₂ in the atmosphere imply that Northern Hemisphere ecosystems take up less carbon than previously thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO₂ Sink Due to Recent Climate Change

Corinne Le Quéré, Christian Rödenbeck, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Thomas J. Conway, Ray Langenfelds, Antony Gomez, Casper Labuschagne, Michel Ramonet, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Nicolas Metzl, Nathan Gillett, and Martin Heimann
Science 22 June 2007: 1735-1738.
Published online 17 May 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136188] (in Science Express Reports)
The amount of CO₂ taken up by the Southern Ocean, a major sink, has decreased since 1981, despite the continued increase in atmospheric CO₂ levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evolutionary Dynamics of Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in Disease-Vector Mosquitoes

Robert M. Waterhouse, Evgenia V. Kriventseva, Stephan Meister, Zhiyong Xi, Kanwal S. Alvarez, Lyric C. Bartholomay, Carolina Barillas-Mury, Guowu Bian, Stephanie Blandin, Bruce M. Christensen, Yuemei Dong, Haobo Jiang, Michael R. Kanost, Anastasios C. Koutsos, Elena A. Levashina, Jianyong Li, Petros Ligoxygakis, Robert M. MacCallum, George F. Mayhew, Antonio Mendes, Kristin Michel, Mike A. Osta, Susan Paskewitz, Sang Woon Shin, Dina Vlachou, Lihui Wang, Weiqi Wei, Liangbiao Zheng, Zhen Zou, David W. Severson, Alexander S. Raikhel, Fotis C. Kafatos, George Dimopoulos, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, and George K. Christophides
Science 22 June 2007: 1738-1743.
Comparison among the genomes of Drosophila and two mosquito species reveals that stages of the insect innate immune response evolved via distinct mechanisms and rates. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Culling Prey Promotes Predator Recovery—Alternative States in a Whole-Lake Experiment

Lennart Persson, Per-Arne Amundsen, André M. De Roos, Anders Klemetsen, Rune Knudsen, and Raul Primicerio
Science 22 June 2007: 1743-1746.
A collapsed freshwater fishery was shown to recover when a prey species was culled, causing it to go into reproductive compensation and produce prey of an edible size for the predator. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Influence of Phylogeny on Fungal Community Assembly and Ecosystem Functioning

Hafiz Maherali and John N. Klironomos
Science 22 June 2007: 1746-1748.
Communities of soil fungi contain a larger number of species and are more productive when the founding species are more distantly related. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nuclear Actin Regulates Dynamic Subcellular Localization and Activity of the SRF Cofactor MAL

Maria K. Vartiainen, Sebastian Guettler, Banafshe Larijani, and Richard Treisman
Science 22 June 2007: 1749-1752.
In cultured cells, serum regulates the interaction of nuclear actin with a transcriptional coactivator, facilitating its nuclear transport and thus stimulating gene expression. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Quantitative Morphological Signatures Define Local Signaling Networks Regulating Cell Morphology

Chris Bakal, John Aach, George Church, and Norbert Perrimon
Science 22 June 2007: 1753-1756.
A large genetic screen and automated characterization of cell morphology allowed mapping of the pathways controlling cell adhesion and membrane protrusion and tension. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5 Antiviral Protein

Shari M. Kaiser, Harmit S. Malik, and Michael Emerman
Science 22 June 2007: 1756-1758.
Resistance that humans acquired 4 million years ago to a now extinct virus that infected chimpanzees and gorillas may have left us more sensitive to HIV infection today. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Antifungal Agent Inhibits an Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase by Trapping tRNA in the Editing Site

Fernando L. Rock, Weimin Mao, Anya Yaremchuk, Mikhail Tukalo, Thibaut Crépin, Huchen Zhou, Yong-Kang Zhang, Vincent Hernandez, Tsutomu Akama, Stephen J. Baker, Jacob J. Plattner, Lucy Shapiro, Susan A. Martinis, Stephen J. Benkovic, Stephen Cusack, and M. R. K. Alley
Science 22 June 2007: 1759-1761.
A boron-containing antifungal drug forms an adduct with oxygen atoms in the tRNA, inhibiting attachment of the amino acid to the tRNA and blocking protein synthesis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Tequila, a Neurotrypsin Ortholog, Regulates Long-Term Memory Formation in Drosophila"

Peter Sonderegger and Laszlo Patthy
Science 22 June 2007: 1698.
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Response to Comment on "Tequila, a Neurotrypsin Ortholog, Regulates Long-Term Memory Formation in Drosophila"

Thomas Preat, Jean-Luc Da Lage, Laurence Colleaux, Gérard Didelot, Florence Molinari, Paul Tchenio, Elodie Milhiet, Arnold Munnich, and Marie-Louise Cariou
Science 22 June 2007: 1698.
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