This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 15 June 2007: 1537.
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Editorial:
Nuclear Weapons Nonproliferation

Raymond Jeanloz
Science 15 June 2007: 1541.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 15 June 2007: 1542.
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Science Podcast

Science 15 June 2007: 1635.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 15 June 2007: 1635.
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News of the Week

DRUG SAFETY: Heart Attack Risk Overshadows a Popular Diabetes Therapy

Jennifer Couzin
Science 15 June 2007: 1550-1551.
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PARTICLE PHYSICS: Delay in Europe Could Mean Extra Year for U.S. Collider

Adrian Cho
Science 15 June 2007: 1551.
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GLOBAL HEALTH: Bush Boosts AIDS Relief: Cause for Applause and Pause

Jon Cohen
Science 15 June 2007: 1552.
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MEDICINE: Initiative Aims to Merge Animal and Human Health Science to Benefit Both

Martin Enserink
Science 15 June 2007: 1553.
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HIV/AIDS: AIDSTruth.org Web Site Takes Aim at 'Denialists'

Jon Cohen
Science 15 June 2007: 1554.
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HYDROLOGY: River-Level Forecasting Shows No Detectable Progress in 2 Decades

Richard A. Kerr
Science 15 June 2007: 1555.
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GENOMICS: DNA Study Forces Rethink of What It Means to Be a Gene

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 15 June 2007: 1556-1557.
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SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY: Attempt to Patent Artificial Organism Draws a Protest

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 15 June 2007: 1557.
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ScienceScope

Science 15 June 2007: 1553.
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Random Samples

Science 15 June 2007: 1547.
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Newsmakers

Science 15 June 2007: 1549.
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News Focus

PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Food for Thought

Ann Gibbons
Science 15 June 2007: 1558-1560.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Swapping Guts for Brains

Ann Gibbons
Science 15 June 2007: 1560.
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MARINE BIOLOGY: Florida Red Tide Brews Up Drug Lead for Cystic Fibrosis

Carol Potera
Science 15 June 2007: 1561-1562.
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GEOPHYSICS: Stalking a Volcanic Torrent

John Bohannon
Science 15 June 2007: 1562-1563.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 15 June 2007: 1564.
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 Culture, Conflict, and... Climate?

Mark D. Drapeau and Bryan K. Mignone
Science 15 June 2007: 1564.
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 Better Use of Existing Knowledge

Christopher Batich
Science 15 June 2007: 1564.
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 Grazing and "Degradation"

Clive Hambler, Susan M. Canney, Malcolm J. Coe, Peter A. Henderson, Andrew W. Illius;, Lindsey Gillson, and M. T. Hoffman
Science 15 June 2007: 1564-1567.
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 A Brief History of the FFAG Accelerator

Lawrence W. Jones, Andrew M. Sessler, and Keith R. Symon
Science 15 June 2007: 1567.
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Books et al.

CELL BIOLOGY: The Culture of Cell Culture

M. Susan Lindee
Science 15 June 2007: 1568-1569.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Folsom Points

Dennis Stanford
Science 15 June 2007: 1569.
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Books Received

Science 15 June 2007: 1569.
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Policy Forum

ENVIRONMENT: Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Bio-Economy

N. Jordan, G. Boody, W. Broussard, J. D. Glover, D. Keeney, B. H. McCown, G. McIsaac, M. Muller, H. Murray, J. Neal, C. Pansing, R. E. Turner, K. Warner, and D. Wyse
Science 15 June 2007: 1570-1571.
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Perspectives

APPLIED PHYSICS: Recent Progress and Continuing Puzzles in Electrostatics

L. B. Schein
Science 15 June 2007: 1572-1573.
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ASTRONOMY: Waves in the Sun's Core

Frank Hill
Science 15 June 2007: 1573-1574.
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IMMUNOLOGY: The Shape of Things to Come

Katherine A. Fitzgerald and Douglas T. Golenbock
Science 15 June 2007: 1574-1576.
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ATMOSPHERE: How Will the Stratosphere Affect Climate Change?

Mark P. Baldwin, Martin Dameris, and Theodore G. Shepherd
Science 15 June 2007: 1576-1577.
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NEUROSCIENCE: Neural Networks Debunk Phrenology

Robert T. Knight
Science 15 June 2007: 1578-1579.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: Food Pathogen Detection

Carl A. Batt
Science 15 June 2007: 1579-1580.
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Review

The Macroecological Contribution to Global Change Solutions

Jeremy T. Kerr, Heather M. Kharouba, and David J. Currie
Science 15 June 2007: 1581-1584.
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Brevia

The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris

Michael E. Brown and Emily L. Schaller
Science 15 June 2007: 1585.
Observations of the orbit of dwarf planet Eris' satellite Dysnomia indicates that Eris has a density similar to Pluto's, but is about 1.27 times as large. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

The Release 5.1 Annotation of Drosophila melanogaster Heterochromatin

Christopher D. Smith, ShengQiang Shu, Christopher J. Mungall, and Gary H. Karpen
Science 15 June 2007: 1586-1591.
DNA near the centromeres of Drosophila chromosomes is repetitive and consists of transposons, tandem and satellite repeats, and over 200 coding and noncoding genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Tracking Solar Gravity Modes: The Dynamics of the Solar Core

Rafael A. García, Sylvaine Turck-Chièze, Sebastian J. Jiménez-Reyes, Jérôme Ballot, Pere L. Pallé, Antonio Eff-Darwich, Savita Mathur, and Janine Provost
Science 15 June 2007: 1591-1593.
Published online 3 May 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140598] (in Science Express Reports)
Satellite detection of deep buoyancy-driven oscillations within the Sun implies that the solar core is spinning faster than the surrounding radiative zone. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tuning the Quantum Stability and Superconductivity of Ultrathin Metal Alloys

Mustafa M. Özer, Yu Jia, Zhenyu Zhang, James R. Thompson, and Hanno H. Weitering
Science 15 June 2007: 1594-1597.
Incorporating small amounts of bismuth into thin lead films adds extra electrons to the film, allowing control of its mechanical stability and superconducting behavior. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Metal Chlorides in Ionic Liquid Solvents Convert Sugars to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Haibo Zhao, Johnathan E. Holladay, Heather Brown, and Z. Conrad Zhang
Science 15 June 2007: 1597-1600.
A chromium catalyst efficiently converts glucose, which can be obtained renewably, to a versatile intermediate feedstock usually derived from petroleum. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Extracellular Proteins Limit the Dispersal of Biogenic Nanoparticles

John W. Moreau, Peter K. Weber, Michael C. Martin, Benjamin Gilbert, Ian D. Hutcheon, and Jillian F. Banfield
Science 15 June 2007: 1600-1603.
Cysteine-rich proteins from sulfate-reducing bacteria help aggregate metal-containing nanoparticles, retarding their mobility in the environment. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Origin of the Low Rigidity of the Earth's Inner Core

Anatoly B. Belonoshko, Natalia V. Skorodumova, Sergio Davis, Alexander N. Osiptsov, Anders Rosengren, and Börje Johansson
Science 15 June 2007: 1603-1605.
Molecular simulations suggest that crystal defects, rather than melting, may explain the low rigidity and shear wave velocities of the Earth's inner core. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Frequent Long-Distance Plant Colonization in the Changing Arctic

Inger Greve Alsos, Pernille Bronken Eidesen, Dorothee Ehrich, Inger Skrede, Kristine Westergaard, Gro Hilde Jacobsen, Jon Y. Landvik, Pierre Taberlet, and Christian Brochmann
Science 15 June 2007: 1606-1609.
Arctic islands have been colonized repeatedly by plant species from distant sources, suggesting that plant ranges can shift rapidly northward in response to global warming. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Modulation of Neuronal Interactions Through Neuronal Synchronization

Thilo Womelsdorf, Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen, Robert Oostenveld, Wolf Singer, Robert Desimone, Andreas K. Engel, and Pascal Fries
Science 15 June 2007: 1609-1612.
The interaction of two neuronal groups in the visual systems of cats and monkeys depends on the phase relation between their rhythmic activities. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Neural Mechanisms of Visual Attention: How Top-Down Feedback Highlights Relevant Locations

Yuri B. Saalmann, Ivan N. Pigarev, and Trichur R. Vidyasagar
Science 15 June 2007: 1612-1615.
As visual information flows from the retina to the cortex, feedback to neurons farther down the pathway increases activity in specific upstream areas to enable focused spatial attention. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

-Klotho as a Regulator of Calcium Homeostasis

Akihiro Imura, Yoshihito Tsuji, Miyahiko Murata, Ryota Maeda, Koji Kubota, Akiko Iwano, Chikashi Obuse, Kazuya Togashi, Makoto Tominaga, Naoko Kita, Ken-ichi Tomiyama, Junko Iijima, Yoko Nabeshima, Makio Fujioka, Ryo Asato, Shinzo Tanaka, Ken Kojima, Juichi Ito, Kazuhiko Nozaki, Nobuo Hashimoto, Tetsufumi Ito, Takeshi Nishio, Takashi Uchiyama, Toshihiko Fujimori, and Yo-ichi Nabeshima
Science 15 June 2007: 1615-1618.
A protein with several reported functions may also influence calcium metabolism by modulating the abundance of the sodium-potassium pump at the plasma membrane. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Wnt Induces LRP6 Signalosomes and Promotes Dishevelled-Dependent LRP6 Phosphorylation

Josipa Bilic, Ya-Lin Huang, Gary Davidson, Timo Zimmermann, Cristina-Maria Cruciat, Mariann Bienz, and Christof Niehrs
Science 15 June 2007: 1619-1622.
Large, ribosome-sized protein complexes containing receptor and adapter proteins assemble at cell membranes to detect and transduce a critical developmental signal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Neural Responses to Taxation and Voluntary Giving Reveal Motives for Charitable Donations

William T. Harbaugh, Ulrich Mayr, and Daniel R. Burghart
Science 15 June 2007: 1622-1625.
Seeing one's taxes spent on public services is not as rewarding as paying for them oneself. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Sequence Finishing and Mapping of Drosophila melanogaster Heterochromatin

Roger A. Hoskins, Joseph W. Carlson, Cameron Kennedy, David Acevedo, Martha Evans-Holm, Erwin Frise, Kenneth H. Wan, Soo Park, Maria Mendez-Lago, Fabrizio Rossi, Alfredo Villasante, Patrizio Dimitri, Gary H. Karpen, and Susan E. Celniker
Science 15 June 2007: 1625-1628.
DNA near the centromeres of Drosophila chromosomes is repetitive and consists of transposons, tandem and satellite repeats, and over 200 coding and noncoding genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Vaccine Adjuvant Monophosphoryl Lipid A as a TRIF-Biased Agonist of TLR4

Verónica Mata-Haro, Caglar Cekic, Michael Martin, Paula M. Chilton, Carolyn R. Casella, and Thomas C. Mitchell
Science 15 June 2007: 1628-1632.
A bacterial lipid that can be added to vaccines to boost effectiveness is less toxic than current versions, probably because it selectively stimulates only one immune pathway. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crystal Structures of Human MD-2 and Its Complex with Antiendotoxic Lipid IVa

Umeharu Ohto, Koichi Fukase, Kensuke Miyake, and Yoshinori Satow
Science 15 June 2007: 1632-1634.
The structure of a membrane protein bound to bacterial lipopolysaccharide reveals the first step in how the innate immune system senses the presence of invading bacteria. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Carbon-Negative Biofuels from Low-Input High-Diversity Grassland Biomass"

Michael P. Russelle, R. Vance Morey, John M. Baker, Paul M. Porter, and Hans-Joachim G. Jung
Science 15 June 2007: 1567.
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Response to Comment on "Carbon-Negative Biofuels from Low-Input High-Diversity Grassland Biomass"

David Tilman, Jason Hill, and Clarence Lehman
Science 15 June 2007: 1567.
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