This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 1 June 2007: 1249.
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Editorial:
Changes in Innovation Ecology

William A. Wulf
Science 1 June 2007: 1253.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 1 June 2007: 1255.
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Science Podcast

Science 1 June 2007: 1358.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 1 June 2007: 1358.
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News of the Week

PALEONTOLOGY: Mammoth-Killer Impact Gets Mixed Reception From Earth Scientists

Richard A. Kerr
Science 1 June 2007: 1264-1265.
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ANIMAL STUDIES: NIH to End Chimp Breeding for Research

Jon Cohen
Science 1 June 2007: 1265.
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PROGRAM EVALUATION: Researchers Fault U.S. Report Critiquing Education Programs

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 1 June 2007: 1267.
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SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE: U.S. Immigration Bill Would Extend Warmer Welcome to Highly Skilled

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 1 June 2007: 1268.
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SPACE SCIENCE: Stern Looks for Way Out of NASA's Budget Squeeze

Andrew Lawler
Science 1 June 2007: 1269.
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HIGHER EDUCATION: Australian University Is Latest to Pull Up Stakes in Singapore

Dennis Normile
Science 1 June 2007: 1269.
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ScienceScope

Science 1 June 2007: 1267.
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Random Samples

Science 1 June 2007: 1261.
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Newsmakers

Science 1 June 2007: 1263.
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News Focus

PREPARING TEACHERS: A New Twist on Training Teachers

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 1 June 2007: 1270-1277.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: BYU Takes Team Approach Led by a Master Teacher

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 1 June 2007: 1272.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: Prime Mover: Robert Clark

Science 1 June 2007: 1272.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: Junior High Means a Senior Commitment

Science 1 June 2007: 1273.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: UTeach Makes Marshall Hester a Lifer

Science 1 June 2007: 1274.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: UTexas Tells Science Majors: We Want U (to) Teach

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 1 June 2007: 1275.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: Prime Mover: Mary Ann Rankin

Science 1 June 2007: 1275.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: Colorado Also Seeks Impact on Campus

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 1 June 2007: 1276.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: Prime Mover: Richard McCray

Science 1 June 2007: 1276.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: Teaching for a Living or for Life

Science 1 June 2007: 1277.
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PREPARING TEACHERS: California Heads Down Many Roads in Search of Best Training Model

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 1 June 2007: 1279.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 1 June 2007: 1281.
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 Biodiversity Loss in the Ocean: How Bad Is It?

Steven Murawski, Richard Methot, Galen Tromble;, Ray W. Hilborn;, John C. Briggs;, Boris Worm, Edward B. Barbier, Nicola Beaumont, J. Emmett Duffy, Carl Folke, Benjamin S. Halpern, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Heike K. Lotze, Fiorenza Micheli, Stephen R. Palumbi, Enric Sala, Kimberley A. Selkoe, John J. Stachowicz, and Reg Watson
Science 1 June 2007: 1281-1284.
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 Problems of Searching in Web Databases

Walter Warnick
Science 1 June 2007: 1284.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 1 June 2007: 1284-1285.
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Books et al.

COMMUNICATING SCIENCE: Because Science Matters

Barbara Kline Pope
Science 1 June 2007: 1286.
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PUBLIC HEALTH: Bumpy Road to Vaccination Policies

Rino Rappuoli
Science 1 June 2007: 1287.
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Books Received

Science 1 June 2007: 1287.
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Policy Forum

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY: Energy Security for North Korea

David Von Hippel and Peter Hayes
Science 1 June 2007: 1288-1289.
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Perspectives

PHYSICS: Watching Electrons Break Up

Piers Coleman
Science 1 June 2007: 1290-1291.
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IMMUNOLOGY: The Cutting Edge of T Cell Selection

Michael J. Bevan
Science 1 June 2007: 1291-1292.
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ANTHROPOLOGY: Walking on Trees

Paul O'Higgins and Sarah Elton
Science 1 June 2007: 1292-1294.
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OCEAN SCIENCE: Burial at Sea

Jack J. Middelburg and Filip J. R. Meysman
Science 1 June 2007: 1294-1295.
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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: The Monsoon's Past

Philip A. Barker
Science 1 June 2007: 1295-1296.
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PLANT SCIENCE: Infectious Heresy

J. Allan Downie
Science 1 June 2007: 1296-1297.
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Review

Large-Scale Spatial-Transmission Models of Infectious Disease

Steven Riley
Science 1 June 2007: 1298-1301.
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Brevia

Seawater Chemistry and Early Carbonate Biomineralization

Susannah M. Porter
Science 1 June 2007: 1302.
When the earliest animals developed skeletons in the Late Precambrian, seawater chemistry may have determined whether they were made of calcite or its polymorph aragonite. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

155,000 Years of West African Monsoon and Ocean Thermal Evolution

Syee Weldeab, David W. Lea, Ralph R. Schneider, and Nils Andersen
Science 1 June 2007: 1303-1307.
During the past 155,000 years, rainfall in West Africa has changed abruptly following northern high-latitude climate changes, and has decreased during the past 5000 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Legumes Symbioses: Absence of Nod Genes in Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobia

Eric Giraud, Lionel Moulin, David Vallenet, Valérie Barbe, Eddie Cytryn, Jean-Christophe Avarre, Marianne Jaubert, Damien Simon, Fabienne Cartieaux, Yves Prin, Gilles Bena, Laure Hannibal, Joel Fardoux, Mila Kojadinovic, Laurie Vuillet, Aurélie Lajus, Stéphane Cruveiller, Zoe Rouy, Sophie Mangenot, Béatrice Segurens, Carole Dossat, William L. Franck, Woo-Suk Chang, Elizabeth Saunders, David Bruce, Paul Richardson, Philippe Normand, Bernard Dreyfus, David Pignol, Gary Stacey, David Emerich, André Verméglio, Claudine Médigue, and Michael Sadowsky
Science 1 June 2007: 1307-1312.
Two species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria lack the usual liposaccharide signal by which they communicate with their legume hosts and instead may use a purine derivative. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Quantum Register Based on Individual Electronic and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond

M. V. Gurudev Dutt, L. Childress, L. Jiang, E. Togan, J. Maze, F. Jelezko, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, and M. D. Lukin
Science 1 June 2007: 1312-1316.
Electronic and associated nuclear spins in a nitrogen vacancy in diamond can serve as a room-temperature quantum register to write, store, and retrieve information. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Functional Quantum Nodes for Entanglement Distribution over Scalable Quantum Networks

Chin-Wen Chou, Julien Laurat, Hui Deng, Kyung Soo Choi, Hugues de Riedmatten, Daniel Felinto, and H. Jeff Kimble
Science 1 June 2007: 1316-1320.
Published online 5 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140300] (in Science Express Reports)
Entanglement between atomic gas clouds 3 meters apart forms a quantum repeater, an essential tool for passing information in long distance quantum communication. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Anisotropic Violation of the Wiedemann-Franz Law at a Quantum Critical Point

Makariy A. Tanatar, Johnpierre Paglione, Cedomir Petrovic, and Louis Taillefer
Science 1 June 2007: 1320-1322.
A heavy fermion system tuned to a quantum critical point violates the standard relation in metals between thermal and electronic conductivity in one direction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mars: A New Core-Crystallization Regime

Andrew J. Stewart, Max W. Schmidt, Wim van Westrenen, and Christian Liebske
Science 1 June 2007: 1323-1325.
High-pressure experiments imply that Mars has an entirely liquid iron-nickel-sulfur core that, unlike Earth's core, will not form an iron-rich solid inner region as it cools. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Physical Model for the Decay and Preservation of Marine Organic Carbon

Daniel H. Rothman and David C. Forney
Science 1 June 2007: 1325-1328.
A model suggests that preservation of organic matter in marine sediments depends primarily on its protection from microbial degradation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Origin of Human Bipedalism As an Adaptation for Locomotion on Flexible Branches

S. K. S. Thorpe, R. L. Holder, and R. H. Crompton
Science 1 June 2007: 1328-1331.
Orangutans use bipedal movements when feeding from small, flexible branches, implying that early bipedalism was retained, not gained, in humans but lost by apes and chimps. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Loci for Type 2 Diabetes and Triglyceride Levels

Diabetes Genetics Initiative of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Lund University, and Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Richa Saxena, Benjamin F. Voight, Valeriya Lyssenko, Noël P. Burtt, Paul I. W. de Bakker, Hong Chen, Jeffrey J. Roix, Sekar Kathiresan, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Mark J. Daly, Thomas E. Hughes, Leif Groop, David Altshuler, Peter Almgren, Jose C. Florez, Joanne Meyer, Kristin Ardlie, Kristina Bengtsson Boström, Bo Isomaa, Guillaume Lettre, Ulf Lindblad, Helen N. Lyon, Olle Melander, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Peter Nilsson, Marju Orho-Melander, Lennart Råstam, Elizabeth K. Speliotes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Candace Guiducci, Anna Berglund, Joyce Carlson, Lauren Gianniny, Rachel Hackett, Liselotte Hall, Johan Holmkvist, Esa Laurila, Marketa Sjögren, Maria Sterner, Aarti Surti, Margareta Svensson, Malin Svensson, Ryan Tewhey, Brendan Blumenstiel, Melissa Parkin, Matthew DeFelice, Rachel Barry, Wendy Brodeur, Jody Camarata, Nancy Chia, Mary Fava, John Gibbons, Bob Handsaker, Claire Healy, Kieu Nguyen, Casey Gates, Carrie Sougnez, Diane Gage, Marcia Nizzari, Stacey B. Gabriel, Gung-Wei Chirn, Qicheng Ma, Hemang Parikh, Delwood Richardson, Darrell Ricke, and Shaun Purcell
Science 1 June 2007: 1331-1336.
Published online 26 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142358] (in Science Express Reports)
The hereditary component of type 2 diabetes reflects the contribution of at least 10 genetic variants, each with a modest effect on risk. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Replication of Genome-Wide Association Signals in UK Samples Reveals Risk Loci for Type 2 Diabetes

Eleftheria Zeggini, Michael N. Weedon, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Timothy M. Frayling, Katherine S. Elliott, Hana Lango, Nicholas J. Timpson, John R. B. Perry, Nigel W. Rayner, Rachel M. Freathy, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Beverley Shields, Andrew P. Morris, Sian Ellard, Christopher J. Groves, Lorna W. Harries, Jonathan L. Marchini, Katharine R. Owen, Beatrice Knight, Lon R. Cardon, Mark Walker, Graham A. Hitman, Andrew D. Morris, Alex S. F. Doney, The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC), Mark I. McCarthy, and Andrew T. Hattersley
Science 1 June 2007: 1336-1341.
Published online 26 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142364] (in Science Express Reports)
The hereditary component of type 2 diabetes reflects the contribution of at least 10 genetic variants, each with a modest effect on risk. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Finns Detects Multiple Susceptibility Variants

Laura J. Scott, Karen L. Mohlke, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Cristen J. Willer, Yun Li, William L. Duren, Michael R. Erdos, Heather M. Stringham, Peter S. Chines, Anne U. Jackson, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson, Chia-Jen Ding, Amy J. Swift, Narisu Narisu, Tianle Hu, Randall Pruim, Rui Xiao, Xiao-Yi Li, Karen N. Conneely, Nancy L. Riebow, Andrew G. Sprau, Maurine Tong, Peggy P. White, Kurt N. Hetrick, Michael W. Barnhart, Craig W. Bark, Janet L. Goldstein, Lee Watkins, Fang Xiang, Jouko Saramies, Thomas A. Buchanan, Richard M. Watanabe, Timo T. Valle, Leena Kinnunen, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Elizabeth W. Pugh, Kimberly F. Doheny, Richard N. Bergman, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Francis S. Collins, and Michael Boehnke
Science 1 June 2007: 1341-1345.
Published online 26 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142382] (in Science Express Reports)
The hereditary component of type 2 diabetes reflects the contribution of at least 10 genetic variants, each with a modest effect on risk. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Complex I Binding by a Virally Encoded RNA Regulates Mitochondria-Induced Cell Death

Matthew B. Reeves, Andrew A. Davies, Brian P. McSharry, Gavin W. Wilkinson, and John H. Sinclair
Science 1 June 2007: 1345-1348.
An abundant viral RNA stabilizes host mitochondria and thus prevents infection-induced cell death, ensuring that the host cell survives long enough for the virus to reproduce. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of CD8⁺ T Cell Development by Thymus-Specific Proteasomes

Shigeo Murata, Katsuhiro Sasaki, Toshihiko Kishimoto, Shin-ichiro Niwa, Hidemi Hayashi, Yousuke Takahama, and Keiji Tanaka
Science 1 June 2007: 1349-1353.
A proteosome found only in cortical epithelial cells of the thymus has a specific protein-cleaving subunit that may contribute to positive selection of developing immune cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services"

John Jaenike
Science 1 June 2007: 1285.
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Comment on "Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services"

Michael J. Wilberg and Thomas J. Miller
Science 1 June 2007: 1285.
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Comment on "Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services"

Franz Hölker, Doug Beare, Hendrik Dörner, Antonio di Natale, Hans-Joachim Rätz, Axel Temming, and John Casey
Science 1 June 2007: 1285.
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Response to Comments on "Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services"

Boris Worm, Edward B. Barbier, Nicola Beaumont, J. Emmett Duffy, Carl Folke, Benjamin S. Halpern, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Heike K. Lotze, Fiorenza Micheli, Stephen R. Palumbi, Enric Sala, Kimberley A. Selkoe, John J. Stachowicz, and Reg Watson
Science 1 June 2007: 1285.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|