This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 11 May 2007: 793.
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Editorial:
Your Genes and Privacy

Louise M. Slaughter
Science 11 May 2007: 797.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 11 May 2007: 799.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 11 May 2007: 908.
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News of the Week

CLIMATE CHANGE: IPCC Report Lays Out Options for Taming Greenhouse Gases

John Bohannon
Science 11 May 2007: 812-814.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Meanwhile, Back in Washington …

Eli Kintisch
Science 11 May 2007: 813-814.
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PHYSICS: All Paired Up but Unable to Flow, Atoms Strain Key Conceptual Link

Adrian Cho
Science 11 May 2007: 815.
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AIDS DRUGS: Brazil, Thailand Override Big Pharma Patents

Jon Cohen
Science 11 May 2007: 816.
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GENDER EQUITY: Women Are Scarce in New NAS Class

Yudhijit Bhattarcharjee
Science 11 May 2007: 817.
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BUDGET POLICY: U.S. Science Adviser Tells Researchers to Look Elsewhere

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 11 May 2007: 817-818.
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BIODIVERSITY: The Ultimate Life List

Mitch Leslie
Science 11 May 2007: 818.
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FRENCH SCIENCE: Researchers Await Changes--and Clashes--After Sarkozy's Victory

Martin Enserink
Science 11 May 2007: 819.
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ScienceScope

Science 11 May 2007: 815.
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Random Samples

Science 11 May 2007: 809.
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Newsmakers

Science 11 May 2007: 811.
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News Focus

GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION: Closing the Net on Common Disease Genes

Jennifer Couzin and Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 11 May 2007: 820-822.
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ECOLOGY: Back to the No-Analog Future?

Douglas Fox
Science 11 May 2007: 823-825.
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NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: The Mystery of the Missing Smile

Greg Miller
Science 11 May 2007: 826-827.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 11 May 2007: 829.
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 "Overshoot" Scenarios and Climate Change

Chris Huntingford and Jason Lowe
Science 11 May 2007: 829.
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 CO₂ Emissions: A Piece of the Pie

Tom M. L. Wigley; and Wallace S. Roecker
Science 11 May 2007: 829-830.
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 Biobanking Primer: Down to Basics

Christiane Auray-Blais and Johane Patenaude
Science 11 May 2007: 830.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 11 May 2007: 832.
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Books et al.

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE: The World of Science

Peter Lipton
Science 11 May 2007: 834.
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SOCIAL SCIENCE: The Child as Scientific Object

Emily D. Cahan
Science 11 May 2007: 835.
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Books Received

Science 11 May 2007: 835.
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Policy Forum

MEDICINE: Reestablishing the Researcher-Patient Compact

Isaac S. Kohane, Kenneth D. Mandl, Patrick L. Taylor, Ingrid A. Holm, Daniel J. Nigrin, and Louis M. Kunkel
Science 11 May 2007: 836-837.
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Perspectives

OCEAN SCIENCE: Biomixing of the Oceans?

André W. Visser
Science 11 May 2007: 838-839.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: A Local Wiggle in the Turbulent Interstellar Magnetic Field

J. R. Jokipii
Science 11 May 2007: 839-840.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Keeping a Tight Leash on Notch

Ivan Maillard and Warren S. Pear
Science 11 May 2007: 840-842.
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GEOPHYSICS: Slippery When Hot

Raul Madariaga
Science 11 May 2007: 842-843.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: Titan's Organic Factory

Sushil Atreya
Science 11 May 2007: 843-845.
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CELL SIGNALING: The Art of the Soluble

Robin Irvine
Science 11 May 2007: 845-846.
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Review

Global Desertification: Building a Science for Dryland Development

James F. Reynolds, D. Mark Stafford Smith, Eric F. Lambin, B. L. Turner, II, Michael Mortimore, Simon P. J. Batterbury, Thomas E. Downing, Hadi Dowlatabadi, Roberto J. Fernández, Jeffrey E. Herrick, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald, Hong Jiang, Rik Leemans, Tim Lynam, Fernando T. Maestre, Miguel Ayarza, and Brian Walker
Science 11 May 2007: 847-851.
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Brevia

Imaging of Single Organic Molecules in Motion

Masanori Koshino, Takatsugu Tanaka, Niclas Solin, Kazutomo Suenaga, Hiroyuki Isobe, and Eiichi Nakamura
Science 11 May 2007: 853.
Published online 22 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138690] (in Science Express Brevia)
Sequential transmission electron microscopic images allow visualization of the motion of hydrocarbon chains confined within carbon nanotubes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Pervasive Seismic Wave Reflectivity and Metasomatism of the Tonga Mantle Wedge

Yingcai Zheng, Thorne Lay, Megan P. Flanagan, and Quentin Williams
Science 11 May 2007: 855-859.
Published online 12 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138074] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Seismic imaging of a subduction zone reveals nine layers in the mantle overlying the subducting slab, revealing a pattern of reactions produced by ascending fluids. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of B Versus T Lymphoid Lineage Fate Decision by the Proto-Oncogene LRF

Takahiro Maeda, Taha Merghoub, Robin M. Hobbs, Lin Dong, Manami Maeda, Johannes Zakrzewski, Marcel R.M. van den Brink, Arthur Zelent, Hirokazu Shigematsu, Koichi Akashi, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Giorgio Cattoretti, and Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Science 11 May 2007: 860-866.
Developing immune cells become antibody-producing cells through activation of a proto-oncogene that inhibits the alternative developmental pathway. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Pairing Without Superfluidity: The Ground State of an Imbalanced Fermi Mixture

C. H. Schunck, Y. Shin, A. Schirotzek, M. W. Zwierlein, and W. Ketterle
Science 11 May 2007: 867-870.
Strongly imbalanced populations of fermions can pair up but, unlike balanced populations, do not condense into a superfluid state as temperature approaches 0 kelvin. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Process of Tholin Formation in Titan's Upper Atmosphere

J. H. Waite, Jr., D. T. Young, T. E. Cravens, A. J. Coates, F. J. Crary, B. Magee, and J. Westlake
Science 11 May 2007: 870-875.
Cassini data show that reactions high in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan convert simple organic molecules to massive tholins, which sink to produce its thick haze layers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

The Orientation of the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field

M. Opher, E. C. Stone, and T. I. Gombosi
Science 11 May 2007: 875-878.
Modeling the Sun's magnetic field and Voyager data from the solar system's edge imply that the local interstellar magnetic field is misaligned by 60° to 90° from the galactic plane. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ultralow Friction of Carbonate Faults Caused by Thermal Decomposition

Raehee Han, Toshihiko Shimamoto, Takehiro Hirose, Jin-Han Ree, and Jun-ichi Ando
Science 11 May 2007: 878-881.
Experimental faults in carbonate rock weaken dramatically when initial frictional heating creates abundant fine particles that effectively lubricate the sliding interface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

GRACE Gravity Data Constrain Ancient Ice Geometries and Continental Dynamics over Laurentia

M. E. Tamisiea, J. X. Mitrovica, and J. L. Davis
Science 11 May 2007: 881-883.
Satellite gravity data indicate that the ice sheet covering North America during the Last Glacial Maximum had two large domes, located east and west of Hudson's Bay. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Role of Wheat Awns in the Seed Dispersal Unit

Rivka Elbaum, Liron Zaltzman, Ingo Burgert, and Peter Fratzl
Science 11 May 2007: 884-886.
The microstructure of hairlike awns on wheat seeds causes them to bend reversibly as humidity changes, propelling the seed along the ground and into the soil surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Positive Regulation of Itk PH Domain Function by Soluble IP₄

Yina H. Huang, Juris A. Grasis, Andrew T. Miller, Ruo Xu, Stephen Soonthornvacharin, Amy H. Andreotti, Constantine D. Tsoukas, Michael P. Cooke, and Karsten Sauer
Science 11 May 2007: 886-889.
Published online 5 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138684] (in Science Express Reports)
A kinase phosphorylates the inositol pyrophosphate IP₃ to generate IP₄ and is necessary for cell signaling during positive selection of immune cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Common Variant in the FTO Gene Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Predisposes to Childhood and Adult Obesity

Timothy M. Frayling, Nicholas J. Timpson, Michael N. Weedon, Eleftheria Zeggini, Rachel M. Freathy, Cecilia M. Lindgren, John R. B. Perry, Katherine S. Elliott, Hana Lango, Nigel W. Rayner, Beverley Shields, Lorna W. Harries, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Sian Ellard, Christopher J. Groves, Bridget Knight, Ann-Marie Patch, Andrew R. Ness, Shah Ebrahim, Debbie A. Lawlor, Susan M. Ring, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Ulla Sovio, Amanda J. Bennett, David Melzer, Luigi Ferrucci, Ruth J. F. Loos, Inês Barroso, Nicholas J. Wareham, Fredrik Karpe, Katharine R. Owen, Lon R. Cardon, Mark Walker, Graham A. Hitman, Colin N. A. Palmer, Alex S. F. Doney, Andrew D. Morris, George Davey Smith, The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Andrew T. Hattersley, and Mark I. McCarthy
Science 11 May 2007: 889-894.
Published online 12 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1141634] (in Science Express Reports)
A common variant of a gene that increases the risk of obesity by ~67 percent is consistently associated with body mass index in 13 studies involving over 38,000 subjects. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Bat Flight Generates Complex Aerodynamic Tracks

A. Hedenström, L. C. Johansson, M. Wolf, R. von Busse, Y. Winter, and G. R. Spedding
Science 11 May 2007: 894-897.
The wake of small flying bats shows multiple vortices when traced, suggesting that their flight is based on somewhat different principles than that of birds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The After-Hours Mutant Reveals a Role for Fbxl3 in Determining Mammalian Circadian Period

Sofia I. H. Godinho, Elizabeth S. Maywood, Linda Shaw, Valter Tucci, Alun R. Barnard, Luca Busino, Michele Pagano, Rachel Kendall, Mohamed M. Quwailid, M. Rosario Romero, John O'Neill, Johanna E. Chesham, Debra Brooker, Zuzanna Lalanne, Michael H. Hastings, and Patrick M. Nolan
Science 11 May 2007: 897-900.
Published online 26 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1141138] (in Science Express Reports)
Genetic and biochemical screens identify the same protein, which determines period length of the circadian clock by degradation of a known component. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

SCF^Fbxl3 Controls the Oscillation of the Circadian Clock by Directing the Degradation of Cryptochrome Proteins

Luca Busino, Florian Bassermann, Alessio Maiolica, Choogon Lee, Patrick M. Nolan, Sofia I. H. Godinho, Giulio F. Draetta, and Michele Pagano
Science 11 May 2007: 900-904.
Published online 26 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1141194] (in Science Express Reports)
Genetic and biochemical screens identify the same protein, which determines period length of the circadian clock by degradation of a known component. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

How the Brain Translates Money into Force: A Neuroimaging Study of Subliminal Motivation

Mathias Pessiglione, Liane Schmidt, Bogdan Draganski, Raffael Kalisch, Hakwan Lau, Ray J. Dolan, and Chris D. Frith
Science 11 May 2007: 904-906.
Published online 12 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140459] (in Science Express Reports)
Promise of a reward, even when perceived only subliminally, engages a specific brain region and thereby increases the effort put into a task. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|