This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 4 May 2007: 657.
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Editorial:
Turning the Tables with Mary Jane

Don Kennedy
Science 4 May 2007: 661.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 4 May 2007: 662.
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Science Podcast

Science 4 May 2007: 762.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 4 May 2007: 762.
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News of the Week

U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: Congress Gives Rousing Support to Cluster of Innovation Bills

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 4 May 2007: 672-673.
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RESEARCH FUNDING: European Research Council Deluged After First Call for Proposals

Martin Enserink
Science 4 May 2007: 672.
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ASTROPHYSICS: Deep Ringing of the Sun Hints at a Speedy Core

Richard A. Kerr
Science 4 May 2007: 673.
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U.S. SCIENCE FUNDING: DOE Cures Pork Project With Peer Review

Eli Kintisch
Science 4 May 2007: 674.
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SPACE SCIENCE: European Union Outlines Vision for Unifying Space Policy

Daniel Clery
Science 4 May 2007: 675.
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STEM EDUCATION: Report Urges More Coordination to Improve Science and Math

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 4 May 2007: 676-677.
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GENETIC DISCRIMINATION: Long-Awaited Genetic Nondiscrimination Bill Headed for Easy Passage

Constance Holden
Science 4 May 2007: 676.
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RESEARCH SAFETY: Inquest Flags Little-Known Danger of High-Containment Labs

Elizabeth Finkel
Science 4 May 2007: 677.
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ScienceScope

Science 4 May 2007: 675.
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Random Samples

Science 4 May 2007: 669.
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Newsmakers

Science 4 May 2007: 671.
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News Focus

ECOLOGY: A World Without Corals?

Richard Stone
Science 4 May 2007: 678-681.
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ECOLOGY: Fractured Paradise

Richard Stone
Science 4 May 2007: 679.
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ECOLOGY: Palau Combats Coral Bleaching

Christopher Pala
Science 4 May 2007: 680-681.
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BIOMEDICINE: Thymosins: Clinical Promise After a Decades-Long Search

Jean Marx
Science 4 May 2007: 682-683.
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SCIENCE IN ZIMBABWE: Researchers Struggle to Adapt to Economic, Political Turmoil

Robert Koenig
Science 4 May 2007: 684-685.
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EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY: Variable Evolution

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 4 May 2007: 686-687.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 4 May 2007: 688.
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 An Intelligent Crow Beats a Lab

Arthur Straub
Science 4 May 2007: 688.
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 Prototype Resilient, Self-Modeling Robots

Jürgen Schmidhuber;, Hod Lipson, Victor Zykov, and Josh Bongard
Science 4 May 2007: 688.
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 Can a Nuclear Weapon Really Be "Safer"?

Michael Neuschatz
Science 4 May 2007: 689.
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 Using Radiocarbon Dating in Jerusalem

Elisabetta Boaretto
Science 4 May 2007: 689-690.
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 Oops, That's Not Really a Diamond

Andrew P. Whipple
Science 4 May 2007: 690-691.
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 Coal's Future: Clearing the Air

Greg H. Rau and Ken Caldeira
Science 4 May 2007: 691.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 4 May 2007: 691.
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Books et al.

PUBLIC HEALTH: The Golden Weed, America's Most Deadly Drug

Robert N. Proctor
Science 4 May 2007: 692-693.
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ENVIRONMENT: Because Computers Don't Compost

Robin Nagle
Science 4 May 2007: 693-694.
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Books Received

Science 4 May 2007: 694.
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Policy Forum

MEDICINE: Environmental Biology and Human Disease

David Schwartz and Francis Collins
Science 4 May 2007: 695-696.
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Perspectives

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Dance of the Embryo

Richard R. Behringer
Science 4 May 2007: 697-698.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: How Nanowires Grow

Volker Schmidt and Ulrich Gösele
Science 4 May 2007: 698-699.
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CHEMISTRY: The New Face of Catalysis

Daniel L. Feldheim
Science 4 May 2007: 699-700.
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PLANT SCIENCE: Signaling to the Nucleus with a Loaded GUN

Da-Peng Zhang
Science 4 May 2007: 700-701.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: Hot News on Mercury's Core

Sean C. Solomon
Science 4 May 2007: 702-703.
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BIOCHEMISTRY: Photosynthesis from the Protein's Perspective

Spiros S. Skourtis and David N. Beratan
Science 4 May 2007: 703-704.
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Review

Ultracold Neutral Plasmas

Thomas C. Killian
Science 4 May 2007: 705-708.
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Brevia

Recent Climate Observations Compared to Projections

Stefan Rahmstorf, Anny Cazenave, John A. Church, James E. Hansen, Ralph F. Keeling, David E. Parker, and Richard C. J. Somerville
Science 4 May 2007: 709.
Published online 1 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136843] (in Science Express Brevia)
Sea level and global mean air temperatures have risen more since 1990 than climate models used in the IPCC predicted, and IPCC projections may underestimate future sea levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Articles

Large Longitude Libration of Mercury Reveals a Molten Core

J. L. Margot, S. J. Peale, R. F. Jurgens, M. A. Slade, and I. V. Holin
Science 4 May 2007: 710-714.
Radar measurements of Mercury's spin state and the oscillation of its orbit imply that the planet has a partially molten iron core that is decoupled from the mantle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Signals from Chloroplasts Converge to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression

Shai Koussevitzky, Ajit Nott, Todd C. Mockler, Fangxin Hong, Gilberto Sachetto-Martins, Marci Surpin, Jason Lim, Ron Mittler, and Joanne Chory
Science 4 May 2007: 715-719.
Published online 29 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140516] (in Science Express Research Articles)
In a critical regulatory loop for plants, damaged chloroplasts signal their status to the nucleus via a single signaling pathway and its key component, GUN1. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Blastocyst Axis Is Specified Independently of Early Cell Lineage But Aligns with the ZP Shape

Yoko Kurotaki, Kohei Hatta, Kazuki Nakao, Yo-ichi Nabeshima, and Toshihiko Fujimori
Science 4 May 2007: 719-723.
Published online 19 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138591] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Time-lapse imaging shows that the axis of the mouse embryo is not specified intrinsically but is influenced by the shape of the overlying zona pellucida. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Quantum Coherent Tunable Coupling of Superconducting Qubits

A. O. Niskanen, K. Harrabi, F. Yoshihara, Y. Nakamura, S. Lloyd, and J. S. Tsai
Science 4 May 2007: 723-726.
The temporal coupling of two optimally biased qubits can be switched on and off with a third intermediate qubit. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Beating the Standard Quantum Limit with Four-Entangled Photons

Tomohisa Nagata, Ryo Okamoto, Jeremy L. O'Brien, Keiji Sasaki, and Shigeki Takeuchi
Science 4 May 2007: 726-729.
Sets of four-entangled photons and their interference patterns can be used to yield precise measurements beyond the assumed limit. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Germanium Nanowire Growth Below the Eutectic Temperature

S. Kodambaka, J. Tersoff, M. C. Reuter, and F. M. Ross
Science 4 May 2007: 729-732.
Semiconductor nanowires can be grown using liquid or solid catalysts at temperatures below that of a stable liquid. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Synthesis of Tetrahexahedral Platinum Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets and High Electro-Oxidation Activity

Na Tian, Zhi-You Zhou, Shi-Gang Sun, Yong Ding, and Zhong Lin Wang
Science 4 May 2007: 732-735.
Electrochemical synthesis converts larger platinum nanospheres on glassy carbon electrodes into nanocrystals with up to 24 faces, providing a higher catalytic activity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Roadless Space of the Conterminous United States

Raymond D. Watts, Roger W. Compton, John H. McCammon, Carl L. Rich, Stewart M. Wright, Tom Owens, and Douglas S. Ouren
Science 4 May 2007: 736-738.
Converting the average distance to any road within a landscape into a volume metric yields a measure of roadless space for use in ecology and urban planning. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Pyroclastic Activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars

S. W. Squyres, O. Aharonson, B.C. Clark, B. A. Cohen, L. Crumpler, P. A. de Souza, W. H. Farrand, R. Gellert, J. Grant, J. P. Grotzinger, A. F. C. Haldemann, J. R. Johnson, G. Klingelhöfer, K. W. Lewis, R. Li, T. McCoy, A. S. McEwen, H. Y. McSween, D. W. Ming, J. M. Moore, R. V. Morris, T. J. Parker, J. W. Rice, Jr., S. Ruff, M. Schmidt, C. Schröder, L. A. Soderblom, and A. Yen
Science 4 May 2007: 738-742.
The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has mapped rocks in an exposed impact crater that formed from a volcanic explosion, perhaps when basaltic magma met subsurface water. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Local Replenishment of Coral Reef Fish Populations in a Marine Reserve

Glenn R. Almany, Michael L. Berumen, Simon R. Thorrold, Serge Planes, and Geoffrey P. Jones
Science 4 May 2007: 742-744.
A surprisingly large fraction (~60%) of larvae from coral reef fish return to their home reef after dispersal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Developmentally Regulated piRNA Clusters Implicate MILI in Transposon Control

Alexei A. Aravin, Ravi Sachidanandam, Angelique Girard, Katalin Fejes-Toth, and Gregory J. Hannon
Science 4 May 2007: 744-747.
Published online 19 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142612] (in Science Express Reports)
A small class of RNA found only in the germ line helps to suppress transposons--parasitic DNA elements--in mice, as they do in Drosophila. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Protein Dynamics Control the Kinetics of Initial Electron Transfer in Photosynthesis

Haiyu Wang, Su Lin, James P. Allen, JoAnn C. Williams, Sean Blankert, Christa Laser, and Neal W. Woodbury
Science 4 May 2007: 747-750.
The initial charge separation in photosynthesis is limited by protein motion, rather than by a static electron transfer rate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reducing Endogenous Tau Ameliorates Amyloid ß-Induced Deficits in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model

Erik D. Roberson, Kimberly Scearce-Levie, Jorge J. Palop, Fengrong Yan, Irene H. Cheng, Tiffany Wu, Hilary Gerstein, Gui-Qiu Yu, and Lennart Mucke
Science 4 May 2007: 750-754.
Mice with cognitive deficits resembling Alzheimer's disease show improvement when levels of a protein found in neurofibrillary tangles are transgenically reduced. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of NF-B Activation in T Cells via Association of the Adapter Proteins ADAP and CARMA1

Ricardo B. Medeiros, Brandon J. Burbach, Kristen L. Mueller, Rupa Srivastava, James J. Moon, Sarah Highfill, Erik J. Peterson, and Yoji Shimizu
Science 4 May 2007: 754-758.
An adapter protein that links antigen activation of immune cells to cell adhesion also acts through a signaling protein complex to induce immune response genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Specialized Inhibitory Synaptic Actions Between Nearby Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons

Ming Ren, Yumiko Yoshimura, Naoki Takada, Shoko Horibe, and Yukio Komatsu
Science 4 May 2007: 758-761.
Unexpectedly, the main excitatory neurons in the mouse cortex strongly inhibit each other via axon-to-axon activation of inhibitory interneurons. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|