This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 27 April 2007: 511.
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Editorial:
The Biofuels Conundrum

Donald Kennedy
Science 27 April 2007: 515.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 27 April 2007: 516.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 27 April 2007: 617.
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News of the Week

STEM CELLS: Stem Cell President Quits After Acrimonious Meeting

Constance Holden
Science 27 April 2007: 526.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: Humongous Eruptions Linked to Dramatic Environmental Changes

Richard A. Kerr
Science 27 April 2007: 527.
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LUNAR SCIENCE: Congress Restores Funds for NASA Robotic Landers

Andrew Lawler
Science 27 April 2007: 528.
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EXOPLANETS: Habitable, But Not Much Like Home

Govert Schilling
Science 27 April 2007: 528.
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BIODEFENSE: Proposed Biosecurity Review Plan Endorses Self-Regulation

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 27 April 2007: 529.
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GENETICS: Erasing MicroRNAs Reveals Their Powerful Punch

Jennifer Couzin
Science 27 April 2007: 530.
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BIG FACILITIES: Researchers Get in Synch Down Under

John Bohannon
Science 27 April 2007: 531.
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ScienceScope

Science 27 April 2007: 529.
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Random Samples

Science 27 April 2007: 523.
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Newsmakers

Science 27 April 2007: 525.
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News Focus

MARINE BIOLOGY: Killing Whales for Science?

Virginia Morell
Science 27 April 2007: 532-534.
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CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH: Pentagon Asks Academics for Help in Understanding Its Enemies

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 27 April 2007: 534-535.
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CARBON EMISSIONS: Improved Monitoring of Rainforests Helps Pierce Haze of Deforestation

Eli Kintisch
Science 27 April 2007: 536-537.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Gravity Probe Researchers Report 'Glimpses' of Long-Awaited Payoff

Tom Siegfried
Science 27 April 2007: 538-539.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Neutrino Study Finds Four's a Crowd

Tom Siegfried
Science 27 April 2007: 539.
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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Snapshots From the Meeting

Tom Siegfried
Science 27 April 2007: 539.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 27 April 2007: 540.
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 Health Clues from Polar Regions

Thomas C. Erren, V. Benno Meyer-Rochow, and Michael Erren
Science 27 April 2007: 540.
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 Science, Religion, and Climate Change

Steven A. Kolmes and Russell A. Butkus
Science 27 April 2007: 540-542.
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 Clarifying a Quote on Women in Science

Andrew Millis
Science 27 April 2007: 542.
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 Notes on Modeling Light Water Reactors

Gary Johnsen
Science 27 April 2007: 542.
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 The Evolution of Eukaryotes

William Martin, Tal Dagan, Eugene V. Koonin, Jonathan L. Dipippo, J. Peter Gogarten, James A. Lake;, C. G. Kurland, Lesley J. Collins, and David Penny
Science 27 April 2007: 542-543.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 27 April 2007: 543.
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Books et al.

ECOLOGY: Sparrow Wars, Reptilian Eucalypts, and Xenophobes

Jessica Gurevitch
Science 27 April 2007: 544.
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ECOLOGY: Toward the Ideal of a Healthy Land

Frederick R. Davis
Science 27 April 2007: 545.
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Books Received

Science 27 April 2007: 545.
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Policy Forum

ENVIRONMENT: Building a "Green" Railway in China

Changhui Peng, Hua Ouyang, Qiong Gao, Yuan Jiang, Feng Zhang, Jun Li, and Qiang Yu
Science 27 April 2007: 546-547.
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Education Forum

THE PIPELINE: Benefits of Undergraduate Research Experiences

Susan H. Russell, Mary P. Hancock, and James McCullough
Science 27 April 2007: 548-549.
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Perspectives

GENETICS: Getting Closer to the Whole Picture

Uwe Sauer, Matthias Heinemann, and Nicola Zamboni
Science 27 April 2007: 550-551.
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NEUROSCIENCE: How to Fill a Synapse

Phillip J. Robinson
Science 27 April 2007: 551-553.
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CHEMISTRY: A Promising Mimic of Hydrogenase Activity

Thomas B. Rauchfuss
Science 27 April 2007: 553-554.
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PHYSICS: Factoring Numbers with Waves

M. Suhail Zubairy
Science 27 April 2007: 554-555.
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PHYSICS: The End of an Entanglement

J. H. Eberly and Ting Yu
Science 27 April 2007: 555-557.
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EVOLUTION: Oxygen and Evolution

Robert A. Berner, John M. VandenBrooks, and Peter D. Ward
Science 27 April 2007: 557-558.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 27 April 2007: 559-560.
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Review

The Problem with Determining Atomic Structure at the Nanoscale

Simon J. L. Billinge and Igor Levin
Science 27 April 2007: 561-565.
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Brevia

Fast Routing in Road Networks with Transit Nodes

Holger Bast, Stefan Funke, Peter Sanders, and Dominik Schultes
Science 27 April 2007: 566.
Careful consideration of early access routes to a faraway destination permits much faster algorithms for choosing the optimal route. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Revisiting Carbon Flux Through the Ocean's Twilight Zone

Ken O. Buesseler, Carl H. Lamborg, Philip W. Boyd, Phoebe J. Lam, Thomas W. Trull, Robert R. Bidigare, James K. B. Bishop, Karen L. Casciotti, Frank Dehairs, Marc Elskens, Makio Honda, David M. Karl, David A. Siegel, Mary W. Silver, Deborah K. Steinberg, Jim Valdes, Benjamin Van Mooy, and Stephanie Wilson
Science 27 April 2007: 567-570.
Loss of sinking particles in the "twilight" zone of the ocean (150 to 500 meters) by remineralization or destruction varies greatly, complicating estimates of carbon sequestration. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Selective Activity-Dependent Requirement for Dynamin 1 in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis

Shawn M. Ferguson, Gabor Brasnjo, Mitsuko Hayashi, Markus Wölfel, Chiara Collesi, Silvia Giovedi, Andrea Raimondi, Liang-Wei Gong, Pablo Ariel, Summer Paradise, Eileen O'Toole, Richard Flavell, Ottavio Cremona, Gero Miesenböck, Timothy A. Ryan, and Pietro De Camilli
Science 27 April 2007: 570-574.
A small regulatory protein is required for recycling of synaptic vesicles during high-frequency neuronal activity, but an independent mechanism maintains basal recycling. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Control of Stress-Dependent Cardiac Growth and Gene Expression by a MicroRNA

Eva van Rooij, Lillian B. Sutherland, Xiaoxia Qi, James A. Richardson, Joseph Hill, and Eric N. Olson
Science 27 April 2007: 575-579.
Published online 22 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1139089] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A microRNA coded within an intron of a myosin gene increases the pathological expression of embryonic myosin after stress. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Environment-Induced Sudden Death of Entanglement

M. P. Almeida, F. de Melo, M. Hor-Meyll, A. Salles, S. P. Walborn, P. H. Souto Ribeiro, and L. Davidovich
Science 27 April 2007: 579-582.
Entanglement between two qubits, which usually decays asymptotically, can be suddenly lost when there is a partial loss of coherence in one of them. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Enantioselective Organocatalysis Using SOMO Activation

Teresa D. Beeson, Anthony Mastracchio, Jun-Bae Hong, Kate Ashton, and David W. C. MacMillan
Science 27 April 2007: 582-585.
Published online 29 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142696] (in Science Express Reports)
A chiral nitrogen-containing catalyst used with a one-electron oxidant allows highly selective carbon-carbon bond formation through a generally applicable activation route. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Dinuclear Ni(µ-H)Ru Complex Derived from H₂

Seiji Ogo, Ryota Kabe, Keiji Uehara, Bunsho Kure, Takashi Nishimura, Saija C. Menon, Ryosuke Harada, Shunichi Fukuzumi, Yoshiki Higuchi, Takashi Ohhara, Taro Tamada, and Ryota Kuroki
Science 27 April 2007: 585-587.
A compound containing nickel and ruthenium mimics the active site of iron-nickel hydrogenase and, like the enzyme, is able to cleave H₂ in water. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Opening of the Northeast Atlantic

Michael Storey, Robert A. Duncan, and Carl C. Swisher, III
Science 27 April 2007: 587-589.
Massive eruption of basalt associated with the opening of the northern Atlantic Ocean was simultaneous with and may have helped trigger the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

NOV (CCN3) Functions as a Regulator of Human Hematopoietic Stem or Progenitor Cells

Rajeev Gupta, Dengli Hong, Francisco Iborra, Samantha Sarno, and Tariq Enver
Science 27 April 2007: 590-593.
Human blood progenitor cells, which must successfully engraft in bone marrow transplants, require a known transcription factor for their early development. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Multiple High-Throughput Analyses Monitor the Response of E. coli to Perturbations

Nobuyoshi Ishii, Kenji Nakahigashi, Tomoya Baba, Martin Robert, Tomoyoshi Soga, Akio Kanai, Takashi Hirasawa, Miki Naba, Kenta Hirai, Aminul Hoque, Pei Yee Ho, Yuji Kakazu, Kaori Sugawara, Saori Igarashi, Satoshi Harada, Takeshi Masuda, Naoyuki Sugiyama, Takashi Togashi, Miki Hasegawa, Yuki Takai, Katsuyuki Yugi, Kazuharu Arakawa, Nayuta Iwata, Yoshihiro Toya, Yoichi Nakayama, Takaaki Nishioka, Kazuyuki Shimizu, Hirotada Mori, and Masaru Tomita
Science 27 April 2007: 593-597.
Published online 22 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1132067] (in Science Express Reports)
In maintaining metabolic homeostasis, bacteria respond to genetic disruptions with large changes in metabolites but to environmental disturbance with changes in enzyme levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Synthetic Maternal-Effect Selfish Genetic Element Drives Population Replacement in Drosophila

Chun-Hong Chen, Haixia Huang, Catherine M. Ward, Jessica T. Su, Lorian V. Schaeffer, Ming Guo, and Bruce A. Hay
Science 27 April 2007: 597-600.
Published online 29 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138595] (in Science Express Reports)
A genetic element that uses RNAi against maternal RNAs and rescue by zygotic transgenes for resistance can rapidly spread the latter throughout pest populations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Modeling the Initiation and Progression of Human Acute Leukemia in Mice

Frédéric Barabé, James A. Kennedy, Kristin J. Hope, and John E. Dick
Science 27 April 2007: 600-604.
A new type of mouse model can be used to identify the human cell types that initiate leukemia and to study how these cells evolve as the disease progresses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of the Germinal Center Response by MicroRNA-155

To-Ha Thai, Dinis Pedro Calado, Stefano Casola, K. Mark Ansel, Changchun Xiao, Yingzi Xue, Andrew Murphy, David Frendewey, David Valenzuela, Jeffery L. Kutok, Marc Schmidt-Supprian, Nikolaus Rajewsky, George Yancopoulos, Anjana Rao, and Klaus Rajewsky
Science 27 April 2007: 604-608.
Deletion of a microRNA sequence in mice impairs their immunity, causing abnormal immune responses and cytokine production, as well as gut and lung inflammation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Requirement of bic/microRNA-155 for Normal Immune Function

Antony Rodriguez, Elena Vigorito, Simon Clare, Madhuri V. Warren, Philippe Couttet, Dalya R. Soond, Stijn van Dongen, Russell J. Grocock, Partha P. Das, Eric A. Miska, David Vetrie, Klaus Okkenhaug, Anton J. Enright, Gordon Dougan, Martin Turner, and Allan Bradley
Science 27 April 2007: 608-611.
Deletion of a microRNA sequence in mice impairs their immunity, causing abnormal immune responses and cytokine production, as well as gut and lung inflammation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Distinct Pathways of Antigen Uptake and Intracellular Routing in CD4 and CD8 T Cell Activation

Sven Burgdorf, Andreas Kautz, Volker Böhnert, Percy A. Knolle, and Christian Kurts
Science 27 April 2007: 612-616.
When immune cells process foreign antigen via the endosomes, effector T cells are stimulated, whereas antigen processed by lysosomes activates helper T cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|