Germ Cells

The Transitioning Germ Line

Beverly A. Purnell and John Travis
Science 20 April 2007: 387.
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News

Melting Opposition to Frozen Eggs

Mitch Leslie
Science 20 April 2007: 388-389.
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A Close Look at Urbisexuality

John Travis
Science 20 April 2007: 390-391.
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Reviews

Germ Versus Soma Decisions: Lessons from Flies and Worms

Susan Strome and Ruth Lehmann
Science 20 April 2007: 392-393.
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Germ Cell Specification in Mice

Katsuhiko Hayashi, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes, and M. Azim Surani
Science 20 April 2007: 394-396.
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piRNAs in the Germ Line

Haifan Lin
Science 20 April 2007: 397.
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Epigenetic Decisions in Mammalian Germ Cells

Christopher B. Schaefer, Steen K. T. Ooi, Timothy H. Bestor, and Déborah Bourc'his
Science 20 April 2007: 398-399.
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The Mysteries of Sexual Identity: The Germ Cell's Perspective

Judith Kimble and David C. Page
Science 20 April 2007: 400-401.
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Male and Female Drosophila Germline Stem Cells: Two Versions of Immortality

Margaret T. Fuller and Allan C. Spradling
Science 20 April 2007: 402-404.
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Male Germline Stem Cells: From Mice to Men

Ralph L. Brinster
Science 20 April 2007: 404-405.
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The Maternal-Zygotic Transition: Death and Birth of RNAs

Alexander F. Schier
Science 20 April 2007: 406-407.
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Regulation of the Oocyte-to-Zygote Transition

Michael L. Stitzel and Geraldine Seydoux
Science 20 April 2007: 407-408.
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Gametes from Embryonic Stem Cells: A Cup Half Empty or Half Full?

George Q. Daley
Science 20 April 2007: 409-410.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 20 April 2007: 335.
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Editorial:
Free-Range Eggs?

Anne McLaren
Science 20 April 2007: 339.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 20 April 2007: 341.
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Science Podcast

Science 20 April 2007: 468.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 20 April 2007: 468.
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News of the Week

PLANT SCIENCE: Long-Sought Plant Flowering Signal Unmasked, Again

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 20 April 2007: 350-351.
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OIL RESOURCES: The Looming Oil Crisis Could Arrive Uncomfortably Soon

Richard A. Kerr
Science 20 April 2007: 351.
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NEUROSCIENCE: Astrocytes Secrete Substance That Kills Motor Neurons in ALS

Constance Holden
Science 20 April 2007: 353.
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PHYSICS: Colliding Clouds May Hone Physical Constants

Mark Anderson
Science 20 April 2007: 354.
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PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: Study Questions Antidepressant Risks

Jennifer Couzin
Science 20 April 2007: 354.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: Iraq Mortality Study Authors Release Data, but Only to Some

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 20 April 2007: 355.
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ScienceScope

Science 20 April 2007: 353.
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Random Samples

Science 20 April 2007: 347.
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Newsmakers

Science 20 April 2007: 349.
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News Focus

NIH BUDGET: Boom and Bust

Jennifer Couzin and Greg Miller
Science 20 April 2007: 356-361.
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NIH BUDGET: Peer Review Under Stress

Greg Miller and Jennifer Couzin
Science 20 April 2007: 358-359.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Polio: No Cheap Way Out

Leslie Roberts
Science 20 April 2007: 362-363.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Moderate Success for New Polio Vaccine

Leslie Roberts
Science 20 April 2007: 363.
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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS MEETING: European Skin Turned Pale Only Recently, Gene Suggests

Ann Gibbons
Science 20 April 2007: 364.
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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS MEETING: Gorillas' Hidden History Revealed

Ann Gibbons
Science 20 April 2007: 364-365.
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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS MEETING: Adapting to Tibet's Thin Air

Ann Gibbons
Science 20 April 2007: 365.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 20 April 2007: 367.
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 Retraction

Henrik Böhlenius, Sven Eriksson, François Parcy, and Ove Nilsson
Science 20 April 2007: 367.
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 A Thank You from Tulane University

Laura S. Levy
Science 20 April 2007: 367.
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 Astrobiology and Missions at NASA

Carl B. Pilcher
Science 20 April 2007: 368.
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 Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research

Marcy Darnovsky, Susan Berke Fogel;, Bartha Maria Knoppers, Michel Revel, Genevra Richardson, Josef Kure, Salla Lötjönen, Rosario Isasi, Alexandre Mauron, Jan Wahlstrom, Bracha Rager, Peng Lee Hin Peng;, and George Q. Daley
Science 20 April 2007: 368-370.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 20 April 2007: 370.
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Books et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: An Intelligent Primer

Nipam H. Patel
Science 20 April 2007: 373.
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BIOETHICS: The Most Fragile of Newborns

Scott A. Lorch
Science 20 April 2007: 374-375.
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Books Received

Science 20 April 2007: 375.
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Policy Forum

ENVIRONMENT: The Burning Issue

David J. Lohman, David Bickford, and Navjot S. Sodhi
Science 20 April 2007: 376.
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Perspectives

PLANT SCIENCE: SCARECROWs at the Border

Liam Dolan
Science 20 April 2007: 377-378.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: Food for a Volcanic Diet

Claude Herzberg
Science 20 April 2007: 378-379.
Published online 29 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1141051] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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BIOCHEMISTRY: An Ancient and Intimate Partnership

Carrie M. Wilmot
Science 20 April 2007: 379-380.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: A New Spin on Saturn's Rotation

Fran Bagenal
Science 20 April 2007: 380-381.
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ECOLOGY: Rapid Domestication of Marine Species

Carlos M. Duarte, Nùria Marbá, and Marianne Holmer
Science 20 April 2007: 382-383.
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EVOLUTION: Aging and Sexual Conflict

Rebecca Dean, Michael B. Bonsall, and Tommaso Pizzari
Science 20 April 2007: 383-384.
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Brevia

Temperature Sex Reversal Implies Sex Gene Dosage in a Reptile

Alexander E. Quinn, Arthur Georges, Stephen D. Sarre, Fiorenzo Guarino, Tariq Ezaz, and Jennifer A. Marshall Graves
Science 20 April 2007: 411.
Sex in a lizard with zz/zw sex determination can be determined either genetically or by high temperatures during incubation, mechanisms thought to be mutually exclusive. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

The Amount of Recycled Crust in Sources of Mantle-Derived Melts

Alexander V. Sobolev, Albrecht W. Hofmann, Dmitry V. Kuzmin, Gregory M. Yaxley, Nicholas T. Arndt, Sun-Lin Chung, Leonid V. Danyushevsky, Tim Elliott, Frederick A. Frey, Michael O. Garcia, Andrey A. Gurenko, Vadim S. Kamenetsky, Andrew C. Kerr, Nadezhda A. Krivolutskaya, Vladimir V. Matvienkov, Igor K. Nikogosian, Alexander Rocholl, Ingvar A. Sigurdsson, Nadezhda M. Sushchevskaya, and Mengist Teklay
Science 20 April 2007: 412-417.
Published online 29 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138113] (in Science Express Research Articles)
The amounts of nickel, cobalt, and other elements in crystals in many oceanic volcanic rocks imply that recycled oceanic crust is important in generating melt in Earth's mantle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genes Required for Mitotic Spindle Assembly in Drosophila S2 Cells

Gohta Goshima, Roy Wollman, Sarah S. Goodwin, Nan Zhang, Jonathan M. Scholey, Ronald D. Vale, and Nico Stuurman
Science 20 April 2007: 417-421.
Published online 5 April 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1141314] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A whole-genome screen identifies the 204 genes involved in assembling the mitotic spindle in flies and how they might contribute to cancer and other abnormalities. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism Delimiting SHR Movement Defines a Single Layer of Endodermis in Plants

Hongchang Cui, Mitchell P. Levesque, Teva Vernoux, Jee W. Jung, Alice J. Paquette, Kimberly L. Gallagher, Jean Y. Wang, Ikram Blilou, Ben Scheres, and Philip N. Benfey
Science 20 April 2007: 421-425.
A diffusible transcription factor specifies a layer exactly one cell thick in plant root tips because as it enters a cell, it is restrained permanently by a binding protein. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Cuprates Observed by Ultrafast Electron Crystallography

Nuh Gedik, Ding-Shyue Yang, Gennady Logvenov, Ivan Bozovic, and Ahmed H. Zewail
Science 20 April 2007: 425-429.
Exposure to intense light at low temperature induces a phase transition in a cuprate superconductor during which it expands within a few picoseconds and then gradually contracts. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Negative Refraction at Visible Frequencies

Henri J. Lezec, Jennifer A. Dionne, and Harry A. Atwater
Science 20 April 2007: 430-432.
Published online 22 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1139266] (in Science Express Reports)
A thin waveguide composed of thin layers of gold, silicon nitride, and silver produces a negative index of refraction at blue and green wavelengths. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Creep-Resistant, Al₂O₃-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels

Y. Yamamoto, M. P. Brady, Z. P. Lu, P. J. Maziasz, C. T. Liu, B. A. Pint, K. L. More, H. M. Meyer, and E. A. Payzant
Science 20 April 2007: 433-436.
By eliminating titanium and vanadium from a steel alloy, enough aluminum can be added to enhance resistance to oxidation at high temperatures while retaining its strength. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Synthesis of Ultra-Incompressible Superhard Rhenium Diboride at Ambient Pressure

Hsiu-Ying Chung, Michelle B. Weinberger, Jonathan B. Levine, Abby Kavner, Jenn-Ming Yang, Sarah H. Tolbert, and Richard B. Kaner
Science 20 April 2007: 436-439.
Rhenium diboride crystals, which can be synthesized by melting at ambient pressure, are hard enough to scratch diamond. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Facile Splitting of Hydrogen and Ammonia by Nucleophilic Activation at a Single Carbon Center

Guido D. Frey, Vincent Lavallo, Bruno Donnadieu, Wolfgang W. Schoeller, and Guy Bertrand
Science 20 April 2007: 439-441.
Stable electron-rich carbene molecules can activate hydrogen and split ammonia, processes that have typically required a metallic reagent. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Variable Rotation Period of the Inner Region of Saturn's Plasma Disk

D. A. Gurnett, A. M. Persoon, W. S. Kurth, J. B. Groene, T. F. Averkamp, M. K. Dougherty, and D. J. Southwood
Science 20 April 2007: 442-445.
Published online 22 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138562] (in Science Express Reports)
Saturn's distinct radio emission, thought to reflect the trace of the actual rotation of the planet, instead is produced by convection in its plasma disk independent of its rotation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Strong Association of De Novo Copy Number Mutations with Autism

Jonathan Sebat, B. Lakshmi, Dheeraj Malhotra, Jennifer Troge, Christa Lese-Martin, Tom Walsh, Boris Yamrom, Seungtai Yoon, Alex Krasnitz, Jude Kendall, Anthony Leotta, Deepa Pai, Ray Zhang, Yoon-Ha Lee, James Hicks, Sarah J. Spence, Annette T. Lee, Kaija Puura, Terho Lehtimäki, David Ledbetter, Peter K. Gregersen, Joel Bregman, James S. Sutcliffe, Vaidehi Jobanputra, Wendy Chung, Dorothy Warburton, Mary-Claire King, David Skuse, Daniel H. Geschwind, T. Conrad Gilliam, Kenny Ye, and Michael Wigler
Science 20 April 2007: 445-449.
Published online 15 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138659] (in Science Express Reports)
Individuals with autism are more likely to show variations in the number of copies of certain genomic regions than are their unaffected relatives. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Raman-Assisted Crystallography Reveals End-On Peroxide Intermediates in a Nonheme Iron Enzyme

Gergely Katona, Philippe Carpentier, Vincent Nivière, Patricia Amara, Virgile Adam, Jérémy Ohana, Nikolay Tsanov, and Dominique Bourgeois
Science 20 April 2007: 449-453.
Intermediates in a reaction catalyzed by superoxide reductase adopt end-on configurations that promote Fe-O bond cleavage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crystal Structures of Fe²⁺ Dioxygenase Superoxo, Alkylperoxo, and Bound Product Intermediates

Elena G. Kovaleva and John D. Lipscomb
Science 20 April 2007: 453-457.
Each subunit of a tetrameric, ring-cleaving dioxygenase harbors a different intermediate, showing how it transfers electrons from substrate to oxygen to initiate cleavage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation

Jin-Hee Han, Steven A. Kushner, Adelaide P. Yiu, Christy J. Cole, Anna Matynia, Robert A. Brown, Rachael L. Neve, John F. Guzowski, Alcino J. Silva, and Sheena A. Josselyn
Science 20 April 2007: 457-460.
During formation of a memory in a fearful situation, rat neurons with higher amounts of the transcription factor CREB are recruited for selective enhancement. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Ongoing Adaptive Evolution of ASPM, a Brain Size Determinant in Homo sapiens"

Fuli Yu, R. Sean Hill, Stephen F. Schaffner, Pardis C. Sabeti, Eric T. Wang, Andre A. Mignault, Russell J. Ferland, Robert K. Moyzis, Christopher A. Walsh, and David Reich
Science 20 April 2007: 370.
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