This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 30 March 2007: 1764.
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Editorial:
Crisis in Earth Observation

Scott Goetz
Science 30 March 2007: 1767.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 30 March 2007: 1768.
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Science Podcast

Science 30 March 2007: 1863.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 30 March 2007: 1863.
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News of the Week

GENDER EQUITY: U.S. Agencies Quiz Universities on the Status of Women in Science

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 30 March 2007: 1776.
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GENETICS: Selfish Genes Could Help Disease-Free Mosquitoes Spread

Martin Enserink
Science 30 March 2007: 1777-1778.
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PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES: ACS Drops Iranian Members, Citing Embargo

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 30 March 2007: 1777.
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CLINICAL RESEARCH: Testing a Novel Strategy Against Parkinson's Disease

Jennifer Couzin
Science 30 March 2007: 1778.
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RESEARCH FUNDING: Canadian Institutes Get Windfall Without the Bother of Competition

Wayne Kondro
Science 30 March 2007: 1779-1780.
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GENETICS: Sequencers of a Famous Genome Confront Privacy Issues

Eliot Marshall
Science 30 March 2007: 1780.
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METAGENOMICS: Massive Microbial Sequence Project Proposed

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 30 March 2007: 1781.
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ScienceScope

Science 30 March 2007: 1779.
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Random Samples

Science 30 March 2007: 1773.
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Newsmakers

Science 30 March 2007: 1775.
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News Focus

URANIUM ENRICHMENT: Spinning a Nuclear Comeback

Dan Charles
Science 30 March 2007: 1782-1784.
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PHIL BARAN PROFILE: Chemical High-Flyer's Strategy: Take Away the Safety Net

Robert F. Service
Science 30 March 2007: 1785-1786.
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PLANT PATHOLOGY: Deadly Wheat Fungus Threatens World's Breadbaskets

Erik Stokstad
Science 30 March 2007: 1786-1787.
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LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE: Bringing Martian Streaks and Gullies Down to Earth

Richard A. Kerr
Science 30 March 2007: 1788.
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LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE: Warped Shorelines on a Rolling Mars

Richard A. Kerr
Science 30 March 2007: 1788-1789.
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LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE: Cold, Cold Bodies, Warm Hearts

Richard A. Kerr
Science 30 March 2007: 1789.
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LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE: Snapshots From the Meeting

Richard A. Kerr
Science 30 March 2007: 1789.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 30 March 2007: 1790.
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 Wildlife Population Increases in Serengeti National Park

Julie K. Young, Leah R. Gerber, Caterina D'Agrosa;, Ray Hilborn, Grant Hopcraft, and Peter Arcese
Science 30 March 2007: 1790-1791.
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 HIV-Malaria Interactions: Don't Forget the Drugs

Katherine T. Andrews, Michelle L. Gatton, Tina S. Skinner-Adams, James S. McCarthy, Donald L. Gardiner;, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Padmaja Patnaik, and James G. Kublin
Science 30 March 2007: 1791.
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 Coal-Fired Power Plants: Imprudent Investments?

Michael Dworkin, Shanna Vale, Ellen Crivella;, and M. Granger Morgan
Science 30 March 2007: 1791-1792.
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Books et al.

SOCIAL SCIENCE: What Flowed from "Surveys Say..."

Tom W. Smith
Science 30 March 2007: 1793-1794.
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PSYCHOLOGY: How Far Can We Go with Reason?

Robert J. Sternberg
Science 30 March 2007: 1794.
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Books Received

Science 30 March 2007: 1794.
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Education Forum

TEACHING: Opportunities to Learn in America's Elementary Classrooms

Robert C. Pianta, Jay Belsky, Renate Houts, Fred Morrison, and The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Early Child Care Research Network
Science 30 March 2007: 1795-1796.
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Perspectives

BEHAVIOR: The Ultimate Ecosystem Engineers

Bruce D. Smith
Science 30 March 2007: 1797-1798.
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ASTRONOMY: A Closer Look at a Gamma-Ray Burst

Stefano Covino
Science 30 March 2007: 1798-1799.
Published online 15 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140172] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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MEDICINE: Anticipating Trouble from Gene Transcription

Mark E. Fortini
Science 30 March 2007: 1800-1801.
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GEOPHYSICS: Taking Earth's Temperature

Bruce A. Buffett
Science 30 March 2007: 1801-1802.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Ice Sheet Stability and Sea-Level Rise

John B. Anderson
Science 30 March 2007: 1803-1804.
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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: CO₂ Is Not the Only Gas

Keith P. Shine and William T. Sturges
Science 30 March 2007: 1804-1805.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 30 March 2007: 1806.
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Review

Materials for Aesthetic, Energy-Efficient, and Self-Diagnostic Buildings

John E. Fernández
Science 30 March 2007: 1807-1810.
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Brevia

Scleractinian Coral Species Survive and Recover from Decalcification

Maoz Fine and Dan Tchernov
Science 30 March 2007: 1811.
When seawater pH drops by 0.7 units, stony corals can survive for months as soft bodies lacking skeletons and then recalcify as the pH normalizes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Floral Gigantism in Rafflesiaceae

Charles C. Davis, Maribeth Latvis, Daniel L. Nickrent, Kenneth J. Wurdack, and David A. Baum
Science 30 March 2007: 1812.
Published online 11 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135260] (in Science Express Brevia)
Rafflesiaceae plants with huge flowers but neither stems nor leaves have been evolutionarily mysterious; they are now shown to be spurges (Euphorbiaceae). Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Seismostratigraphy and Thermal Structure of Earth's Core-Mantle Boundary Region

R. D. van der Hilst, M. V. de Hoop, P. Wang, S.-H. Shim, P. Ma, and L. Tenorio
Science 30 March 2007: 1813-1817.
Seismic imaging of the variable depth of a phase change near the base of Earth's mantle constrains the temperature over a large region and thus the heat flux from the core. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Computational Design of Peptides That Target Transmembrane Helices

Hang Yin, Joanna S. Slusky, Bryan W. Berger, Robin S. Walters, Gaston Vilaire, Rustem I. Litvinov, James D. Lear, Gregory A. Caputo, Joel S. Bennett, and William F. DeGrado
Science 30 March 2007: 1817-1822.
Synthetic peptides can be designed to bind with high affinity and specificity to the regions of membrane proteins that span the lipid bilayer of the cell. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Early Optical Polarization of a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow

Carole G. Mundell, Iain A. Steele, Robert J. Smith, Shiho Kobayashi, Andrea Melandri, Cristiano Guidorzi, Andreja Gomboc, Chris J. Mottram, David Clarke, Alessandro Monfardini, David Carter, and David Bersier
Science 30 March 2007: 1822-1824.
Published online 15 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138484] (in Science Express Reports)
Light emitted within the first few minutes of a gamma-ray burst fireball is not strongly polarized, ruling out strong, aligned magnetic fields in the star's vicinity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ballistic Electron Microscopy of Individual Molecules

Amin Bannani, Christian Bobisch, and Rolf Möller
Science 30 March 2007: 1824-1828.
In a method complementary to scanning tunneling microscopy, organic molecules and their unoccupied orbitals are imaged by collecting weakly scattered tunneling electrons. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Role of Solvent-Host Interactions That Lead to Very Large Swelling of Hybrid Frameworks

C. Serre, C. Mellot-Draznieks, S. Surblé, N. Audebrand, Y. Filinchuk, and G. Férey
Science 30 March 2007: 1828-1831.
Interactions between guest molecules and linking units in a metal-organic framework allow volume changes of up to 170 percent. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Plastic Deformation Recovery in Freestanding Nanocrystalline Aluminum and Gold Thin Films

Jagannathan Rajagopalan, Jong H. Han, and M. Taher A. Saif
Science 30 March 2007: 1831-1834.
Unlike their coarse-grained counterparts, thin aluminum and gold films with nanometer grain sizes recover considerably from plastic deformation after unloading. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Discovery of Till Deposition at the Grounding Line of Whillans Ice Stream

Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Ginny A. Catania, Richard B. Alley, and Huw J. Horgan
Science 30 March 2007: 1835-1838.
Published online 1 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138393] (in Science Express Reports)
Sediments have been accumulating beneath a major Antarctic ice stream where it begins to float over water, implying that the glacier is extensively eroding its bed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Effect of Sedimentation on Ice-Sheet Grounding-Line Stability

Richard B. Alley, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Todd K. Dupont, Byron R. Parizek, and David Pollard
Science 30 March 2007: 1838-1841.
Published online 1 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138396] (in Science Express Reports)
Accumulation of sediments where glaciers begin to float stabilizes them against changes in sea level, implying that changes in temperature, not sea level, have driven past melting. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Permissive and Instructive Anterior Patterning Rely on mRNA Localization in the Wasp Embryo

Ava E. Brent, Gozde Yucel, Stephen Small, and Claude Desplan
Science 30 March 2007: 1841-1843.
Even though the head-tail axes of wasps and fruit flies develop similarly, they use two entirely different molecular mechanisms. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Emergent Biogeography of Microbial Communities in a Model Ocean

Michael J. Follows, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Scott Grant, and Sallie W. Chisholm
Science 30 March 2007: 1843-1846.
A model of ocean circulation with an initial mixture of microbes having defined nutrient transport yields realistic marine microbial communities after a 10-year simulation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cascading Effects of the Loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean

Ransom A. Myers, Julia K. Baum, Travis D. Shepherd, Sean P. Powers, and Charles H. Peterson
Science 30 March 2007: 1846-1850.
Reductions in large shark populations in the Atlantic have increased the numbers of their prey (rays, skates, and smaller sharks), which in turn have eliminated a scallop fishery. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Protein Composition of Catalytically Active Human Telomerase from Immortal Cells

Scott B. Cohen, Mark E. Graham, George O. Lovrecz, Nicolai Bache, Phillip J. Robinson, and Roger R. Reddel
Science 30 March 2007: 1850-1853.
Catalytically active human telomerase, which maintains chromosome ends, is composed of two molecules of reverse transcriptase, two of RNA, and two dyskerin proteins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cell Differentiation by the Neurotrophin Receptor p75^NTR

Melissa A. Passino, Ryan A. Adams, Shoana L. Sikorski, and Katerina Akassoglou
Science 30 March 2007: 1853-1856.
A receptor for a factor that supports survival of neuronal cells is unexpectedly also required for liver regeneration after damage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CREB-Binding Protein Modulates Repeat Instability in a Drosophila Model for PolyQ Disease

Joonil Jung and Nancy Bonini
Science 30 March 2007: 1857-1859.
Published online 1 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1139517] (in Science Express Reports)
Transgenic fruit flies show many features of a human triplet repeat disease, including expansion of the repeats, and thus can provide clues for therapeutic intervention. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal and Posterior Parietal Cortices

Timothy J. Buschman and Earl K. Miller
Science 30 March 2007: 1860-1862.
One brain area directs self-initiated attention whereas another directs attention in response to external stimuli, each using its own synchronization frequency. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|