This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 23 March 2007: 1633.
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Editorial:
A United European Astronomy

Catherine Cesarsky
Science 23 March 2007: 1637.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 23 March 2007: 1638.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 23 March 2007: 1733.
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News of the Week

2008 BUDGET: Senators Offer Sympathetic Ear to Complaints on NIH's Fiscal Slide

Jennifer Couzin
Science 23 March 2007: 1646.
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MATHEMATICS: Mapping the 248-Fold Way

Dana Mackenzie
Science 23 March 2007: 1647-1649.
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OPEN GOVERNMENT: House OKs Whistleblower Bill

Eli Kintisch
Science 23 March 2007: 1649.
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MICROBIOLOGY: New Bacterial Defense Against Phage Invaders Identified

Jean Marx
Science 23 March 2007: 1650-1651.
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GEOLOGY: A Trace of the Earliest Plate Tectonics Turns Up in Greenland

Richard A. Kerr
Science 23 March 2007: 1650-1651.
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ScienceScope

Science 23 March 2007: 1649.
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Random Samples

Science 23 March 2007: 1643.
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Newsmakers

Science 23 March 2007: 1645.
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News Focus

LARGE HADRON COLLIDER: Having a Blast, Wish You Were Here

Adrian Cho
Science 23 March 2007: 1652-1656.
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LARGE HADRON COLLIDER: Stability, International Character Honed CERN's Competitive Edge

Adrian Cho
Science 23 March 2007: 1654-1655.
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LARGE HADRON COLLIDER: Physicists' Nightmare Scenario: The Higgs and Nothing Else

Adrian Cho
Science 23 March 2007: 1657-1658.
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TOXICOLOGY: A Sluggish Response to Humanity's Biggest Mass Poisoning

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 23 March 2007: 1659-1661.
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TOXICOLOGY: A Young Scientist Shaped by Adversity

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 23 March 2007: 1661.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 23 March 2007: 1663.
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 The Loss of a Valuable Dolphin

Michael D. Kass
Science 23 March 2007: 1663.
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 The Ethics of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Leslie Sargent Jones;, Daria Knoch, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, and Ernst Fehr
Science 23 March 2007: 1663-1664.
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 Comparing Neanderthal and Human Genomes

Thomas C. Erren, Paul Cullen, Michael Erren;, Edward M. Rubin, and James P. Noonan
Science 23 March 2007: 1664.
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 What the Scientific Community Can Do

Henry S. Bienen
Science 23 March 2007: 1666.
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Books et al.

SOCIAL SCIENCE: Dealing with Differences

A. Scott Henderson
Science 23 March 2007: 1668.
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PUBLIC HEALTH: Plumb Crazy

Rebecca Renner
Science 23 March 2007: 1669.
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Books Received

Science 23 March 2007: 1669.
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Policy Forum

CLIMATE CHANGE: Carbon Trading Over Taxes

William Chameides and Michael Oppenheimer
Science 23 March 2007: 1670.
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Perspectives

BIOCHEMISTRY: Balancing Cellular Energy

D. Grahame Hardie
Science 23 March 2007: 1671-1672.
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PHYSICS: How Does the Proton Spin?

Steven D. Bass
Science 23 March 2007: 1672-1673.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Asymmetry and Immune Memory

Dan R. Littman and Harinder Singh
Science 23 March 2007: 1673-1674.
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GEOPHYSICS: The Next Great Earthquake

Robert McCaffrey
Science 23 March 2007: 1675-1676.
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BOTANY: A Plant Receptor with a Big Family

Erwin Grill and Alexander Christmann
Science 23 March 2007: 1676-1677.
Published online 8 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140761] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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RETROSPECTIVE: Alan G. MacDiarmid (1927-2007)

Ray H. Baughman
Science 23 March 2007: 1678.
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Review

Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: Lessons from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

John W. Day, Jr., Donald F. Boesch, Ellis J. Clairain, G. Paul Kemp, Shirley B. Laska, William J. Mitsch, Kenneth Orth, Hassan Mashriqui, Denise J. Reed, Leonard Shabman, Charles A. Simenstad, Bill J. Streever, Robert R. Twilley, Chester C. Watson, John T. Wells, and Dennis F. Whigham
Science 23 March 2007: 1679-1684.
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Brevia

Gene Co-Inheritance and Gene Transfer

Yaniv Brandvain, Michael S. Barker, and Michael J. Wade
Science 23 March 2007: 1685.
Unexpectedly, in plant taxa that reproduce by self-pollination or cloning, more mitochondrial genes have shifted to the nucleus than in taxa that reproduce sexually. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Far-Field Optical Hyperlens Magnifying Sub-Diffraction-Limited Objects

Zhaowei Liu, Hyesog Lee, Yi Xiong, Cheng Sun, and Xiang Zhang
Science 23 March 2007: 1686.
A lens with a negative refractive index can magnify an object that is smaller than the diffraction limit of light and project it so it can be seen with a conventional microscope. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Asymmetric T Lymphocyte Division in the Initiation of Adaptive Immune Responses

John T. Chang, Vikram R. Palanivel, Ichiko Kinjyo, Felix Schambach, Andrew M. Intlekofer, Arnob Banerjee, Sarah A. Longworth, Kristine E. Vinup, Paul Mrass, Jane Oliaro, Nigel Killeen, Jordan S. Orange, Sarah M. Russell, Wolfgang Weninger, and Steven L. Reiner
Science 23 March 2007: 1687-1691.
Published online 1 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1139393] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Upon antigen binding, immune cells generate pathogen-fighting cells from daughters arising close to the antigen and memory cells from daughters away from it. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Enhanced Bonding of Gold Nanoparticles on Oxidized TiO₂(110)

D. Matthey, J. G. Wang, S. Wendt, J. Matthiesen, R. Schaub, E. Lægsgaard, B. Hammer, and F. Besenbacher
Science 23 March 2007: 1692-1696.
Interactions between gold and oxygen atoms cause gold clusters to adhere strongly to titanium oxide, perhaps helping to explain why gold nanoclusters are such good catalysts. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Atomic Seesaw Switch Formed by Tilted Asymmetric Sn-Ge Dimers on a Ge (001) Surface

K. Tomatsu, K. Nakatsuji, T. Iimori, Y. Takagi, H. Kusuhara, A. Ishii, and F. Komori
Science 23 March 2007: 1696-1698.
Changing the position of tin atoms incorporated into a germanium surface switches the electrical conductivity on or off along folds in the surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Magnifying Superlens in the Visible Frequency Range

Igor I. Smolyaninov, Yu-Ju Hung, and Christopher C. Davis
Science 23 March 2007: 1699-1701.
A lens formed from concentric circles of a polymer with positive and negative indices of diffraction on a gold film can resolve objects as small as 70 nanometers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Coupled Thermal and Hydrological Evolution of Tropical Africa over the Last Deglaciation

Johan W. H. Weijers, Enno Schefuß, Stefan Schouten, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
Science 23 March 2007: 1701-1704.
During deglaciation, warming of tropical Africa relative to the Atlantic Ocean increased the land-sea thermal gradient and thus central African rainfall. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Vestige of Earth's Oldest Ophiolite

Harald Furnes, Maarten de Wit, Hubert Staudigel, Minik Rosing, and Karlis Muehlenbachs
Science 23 March 2007: 1704-1707.
Remnants of oceanic crust formed at a spreading center 3.8 billion years ago are preserved in Greenland, implying that some form of plate tectonics was operating then. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Bottom-Up Determination of Air-Sea Momentum Exchange Under a Major Tropical Cyclone

Ewa Jarosz, Douglas A. Mitchell, David W. Wang, and William J. Teague
Science 23 March 2007: 1707-1709.
Direct observations reveal that the transfer of momentum by winds to ocean currents and waves is greatest just before a storm reaches hurricane strength. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes

Rodolphe Barrangou, Christophe Fremaux, Hélène Deveau, Melissa Richards, Patrick Boyaval, Sylvain Moineau, Dennis A. Romero, and Philippe Horvath
Science 23 March 2007: 1709-1712.
Clustered, variable repeat sequences can be acquired by bacterial genomes from bacteriophage or plasmids and act like RNA interference to block infection by viruses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A G Protein-Coupled Receptor Is a Plasma Membrane Receptor for the Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid

Xigang Liu, Yanling Yue, Bin Li, Yanli Nie, Wei Li, Wei-Hua Wu, and Ligeng Ma
Science 23 March 2007: 1712-1716.
Published online 8 March 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135882] (in Science Express Reports)
The cell surface receptor for an important growth regulator in plants binds to its ligand with high affinity and activates downstream targets. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tunability and Noise Dependence in Differentiation Dynamics

Gürol M. Süel, Rajan P. Kulkarni, Jonathan Dworkin, Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo, and Michael B. Elowitz
Science 23 March 2007: 1716-1719.
A genetic circuit for bacterial cell differentiation exhibits a surprisingly varied repertoire of dynamic responses that depend on the amount of noise in the component biochemical reactions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Temporal Frequency of Subthreshold Oscillations Scales with Entorhinal Grid Cell Field Spacing

Lisa M. Giocomo, Eric A. Zilli, Erik Fransén, and Michael E. Hasselmo
Science 23 March 2007: 1719-1722.
As rats move about, the oscillation frequencies of cortical neurons arrayed in a grid represent how neural activity maps the rat's position in space. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Emergence of Novel Color Vision in Mice Engineered to Express a Human Cone Photopigment

Gerald H. Jacobs, Gary A. Williams, Hugh Cahill, and Jeremy Nathans
Science 23 March 2007: 1723-1725.
Mice engineered to express the human long-wavelength opsin in addition to its own two color vision pigments acquire a new ability to distinguish colors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crystal Structures of the Adenylate Sensor from Fission Yeast AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Robert Townley and Lawrence Shapiro
Science 23 March 2007: 1726-1729.
Published online 8 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1137503] (in Science Express Reports)
The crystal structure of a key metabolic regulator reveals how it senses the ratio of ATP to AMP, initiating feedback processes to optimize ATP levels in the cell. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of Nup58/45 Suggests Flexible Nuclear Pore Diameter by Intermolecular Sliding

Ivo Melcák, André Hoelz, and Günter Blobel
Science 23 March 2007: 1729-1732.
Pores in the nuclear envelope consist of tetramers with a variable lateral offset that may allow the opening to be adjusted according to the size of molecules passing through. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Why Are There So Many Species of Herbivorous Insects in Tropical Rainforests?"

David A. Norton and Raphael K. Didham
Science 23 March 2007: 1666.
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Response to Comment on "Why Are There So Many Species of Herbivorous Insects in Tropical Rainforests?"

Vojtech Novotny, Pavel Drozd, Scott E. Miller, Miroslav Kulfan, Milan Janda, Yves Basset, and George D. Weiblen
Science 23 March 2007: 1666.
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