Polar Science

Momentous Changes at the Poles

Elizabeth Pennisi, Jesse Smith, and Richard Stone
Science 16 March 2007: 1513.
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News

IPY Means Doing What It Takes to Get to the Ends of the Earth

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 16 March 2007: 1514-1517.
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Long (and Perilous) March Heralds China's Rise as Polar Research Power

Richard Stone
Science 16 March 2007: 1516.
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Opening Doors to Native Knowledge

Jennifer Couzin
Science 16 March 2007: 1518-1519.
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Sailing the Southern Sea

John Bohannon
Science 16 March 2007: 1520-1521.
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Boom and Bust in a Polar Hot Zone

Erik Stokstad
Science 16 March 2007: 1522-1523.
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For Extreme Astronomy, Head Due South

Daniel Clery
Science 16 March 2007: 1523-1524.
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Race to Plumb the Frigid Depths

Kevin Krajick
Science 16 March 2007: 1525-1528.
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Thriving Arctic Bottom Dwellers Could Get Strangled by Warming

Kevin Krajick
Science 16 March 2007: 1527.
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Reviews

Recent Sea-Level Contributions of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets

Andrew Shepherd and Duncan Wingham
Science 16 March 2007: 1529-1532.
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Perspectives on the Arctic's Shrinking Sea-Ice Cover

Mark C. Serreze, Marika M. Holland, and Julienne Stroeve
Science 16 March 2007: 1533-1536.
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Arctic Air Pollution: Origins and Impacts

Kathy S. Law and Andreas Stohl
Science 16 March 2007: 1537-1540.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 16 March 2007: 1461.
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Editorial:
Celebrating Polar Science

Alan I. Leshner
Science 16 March 2007: 1465.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 16 March 2007: 1467.
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Science Podcast

Science 16 March 2007: 1600.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 16 March 2007: 1600.
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News of the Week

SPACE SCIENCE: NASA Declares No Room for Antimatter Experiment

Andrew Lawler
Science 16 March 2007: 1476.
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CANCER RESEARCH: Budget Pressure Puts High-Profile Study in Doubt

Eliot Marshall
Science 16 March 2007: 1477.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: German Law Stirs Concern Illegal Artifacts Will Be Easier to Sell

Andrew Curry
Science 16 March 2007: 1479-1480.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Is a Thinning Haze Unveiling the Real Global Warming?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 16 March 2007: 1480.
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CARBON EMISSIONS: Report Backs More Projects to Sequester CO₂ From Coal

Eli Kintisch
Science 16 March 2007: 1481.
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ScienceScope

Science 16 March 2007: 1479.
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Random Samples

Science 16 March 2007: 1473.
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Newsmakers

Science 16 March 2007: 1475.
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News Focus

LUNAR SCIENCE: Asking for the Moon

Andrew Lawler
Science 16 March 2007: 1482-1484.
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LUNAR SCIENCE: Taking a Stern Look at NASA Science

Andrew Lawler
Science 16 March 2007: 1484.
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EDUCATION RESEARCH: U.S. Math Tests Don't Line Up

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 16 March 2007: 1485.
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METAGENOMICS: Ocean Study Yields a Tidal Wave of Microbial DNA

John Bohannon
Science 16 March 2007: 1486-1487.
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CELLULOSIC ETHANOL: Biofuel Researchers Prepare to Reap a New Harvest

Robert F. Service
Science 16 March 2007: 1488-1491.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 16 March 2007: 1493.
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 The Uncertain Future of Research Chimpanzees

Ajit Varki;, Andrew N. Rowan;, Jim Moore;, and Alfred M. Prince;
Science 16 March 2007: 1493-1494.
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 Ivory-Billed or Pileated Woodpecker?

David A. Sibley, Louis R. Bevier, Michael A. Patten, Chris S. Elphick;, John W. Fitzpatrick, M. Lammertink, M. D. Luneau, K. V. Rosenberg, T. W. Gallagher, and R. W. Rohrbaugh
Science 16 March 2007: 1495-1496.
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 Keep Astrobiology Funding Alive

Bruce Molholt
Science 16 March 2007: 1496-1497.
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Books et al.

BIOGRAPHY: From Gombe to the World

Meredith F. Small
Science 16 March 2007: 1498-1499.
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MUSEUMS: PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Our Branch in the Tree of Life

R. Scott Winters
Science 16 March 2007: 1499-1500.
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BROWSINGS

Science 16 March 2007: 1500.
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Books Received

Science 16 March 2007: 1500.
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Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH: Return of the Population Growth Factor

Martha Campbell, John Cleland, Alex Ezeh, and Ndola Prata
Science 16 March 2007: 1501-1502.
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Perspectives

CLIMATE CHANGE: Why Is It Hard to Predict the Future of Ice Sheets?

David G. Vaughan and Robert Arthern
Science 16 March 2007: 1503-1504.
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PHYSICS: Critical Insights

Ehud Altman
Science 16 March 2007: 1504-1505.
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AIDS/HIV: Finding Footprints Among the Trees

Paul Klenerman and Andrew McMichael
Science 16 March 2007: 1505-1507.
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STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY: A Glimpse of Biology's First Enzyme

Gerald F. Joyce
Science 16 March 2007: 1507-1508.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Rethinking Ice Sheet Time Scales

Martin Truffer and Mark Fahnestock
Science 16 March 2007: 1508-1510.
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DEVELOPMENT: Built to Run, Not Fail

Paola Oliveri and Eric H. Davidson
Science 16 March 2007: 1510-1511.
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Brevia

Long-Term Satellite Record Reveals Likely Recent Aerosol Trend

Michael I. Mishchenko, Igor V. Geogdzhayev, William B. Rossow, Brian Cairns, Barbara E. Carlson, Andrew A. Lacis, Li Liu, and Larry D. Travis
Science 16 March 2007: 1543.
Global satellite data show that the amount of aerosols in the troposphere decreased from 1991 to 2005, mirroring a concurrent increase in solar radiation reaching Earth's surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Articles

An Active Subglacial Water System in West Antarctica Mapped from Space

Helen Amanda Fricker, Ted Scambos, Robert Bindschadler, and Laurie Padman
Science 16 March 2007: 1544-1548.
Published online 15 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136897] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Satellite measurements reveal that water is flowing rapidly under the Antarctic Ice Sheet, forming and draining subglacial lakes and affecting assessments of its stability. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Structural Basis of Ribozyme-Catalyzed RNA Assembly

Michael P. Robertson and William G. Scott
Science 16 March 2007: 1549-1553.
A synthetic ribozyme catalyzes the bond formation necessary for RNA synthesis by transition-state stabilization and acid-base catalysis, perhaps as in an early RNA world. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Resonant Amplification of Magnetic Domain-Wall Motion by a Train of Current Pulses

Luc Thomas, Masamitsu Hayashi, Xin Jiang, Rai Moriya, Charles Rettner, and Stuart Parkin
Science 16 March 2007: 1553-1556.
A train of short, weak current pulses can unpin and move a magnetic domain wall in a magnetic nanowire. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Critical Behavior of a Trapped Interacting Bose Gas

T. Donner, S. Ritter, T. Bourdel, A. Öttl, M. Köhl, and T. Esslinger
Science 16 March 2007: 1556-1558.
Probing spatial correlations among atoms near the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation reveals how the new phase may emerge from smaller fluctuating phase transitions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Rapid Changes in Ice Discharge from Greenland Outlet Glaciers

Ian M. Howat, Ian Joughin, and Ted A. Scambos
Science 16 March 2007: 1559-1561.
Published online 8 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138478] (in Science Express Reports)
Satellite measurements show that the discharge from two major outlet glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet doubled in 2004 but then decreased abruptly in 2006. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Conformationally Controlled Chemistry: Excited-State Dynamics Dictate Ground-State Reaction

Myung Hwa Kim, Lei Shen, Hongli Tao, Todd J. Martinez, and Arthur G. Suits
Science 16 March 2007: 1561-1565.
Distinct conformations of an organic cation have similar energies yet react differently upon photoexcitation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Cytochrome c Oxidase Model Catalyzes Oxygen to Water Reduction Under Rate-Limiting Electron Flux

James P. Collman, Neal K. Devaraj, Richard A. Decréau, Ying Yang, Yi-Long Yan, Wataru Ebina, Todd A. Eberspacher, and Christopher E. D. Chidsey
Science 16 March 2007: 1565-1568.
Slowing down the delivery of electrons in a model of cytochrome c oxidase shows how two of the enzyme's reaction centers help prevent production of harmful oxygen species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Thermoelectricity in Molecular Junctions

Pramod Reddy, Sung-Yeon Jang, Rachel A. Segalman, and Arun Majumdar
Science 16 March 2007: 1568-1571.
Published online 15 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1137149] (in Science Express Reports)
Measuring the induced voltage of organic molecules held between gold contacts at different temperatures reveals whether holes or electrons carry the current. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Evolutionary Demography of Ecological Change: Linking Trait Variation and Population Growth

Fanie Pelletier, Tim Clutton-Brock, Josephine Pemberton, Shripad Tuljapurkar, and Tim Coulson
Science 16 March 2007: 1571-1574.
The number of sheep in a population with larger individuals increases more rapidly in years with low survival, showing how ecological variation influences selection pressure. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Latitudinal Gradient in Recent Speciation and Extinction Rates of Birds and Mammals

Jason T. Weir and Dolph Schluter
Science 16 March 2007: 1574-1576.
The larger number of bird and mammal species in the tropics, compared with temperate zones, reflects a lower extinction rate, not increased speciation as previously supposed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Disrupting the Pairing Between let-7 and Hmga2 Enhances Oncogenic Transformation

Christine Mayr, Michael T. Hemann, and David P. Bartel
Science 16 March 2007: 1576-1579.
Published online 22 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1137999] (in Science Express Reports)
Loss of miRNA binding sites in the mRNA for a chromatin-associated protein contributes to its overexpression and consequent cancer promoting ability. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Suppression of MicroRNA-Silencing Pathway by HIV-1 During Virus Replication

Robinson Triboulet, Bernard Mari, Yea-Lih Lin, Christine Chable-Bessia, Yamina Bennasser, Kevin Lebrigand, Bruno Cardinaud, Thomas Maurin, Pascal Barbry, Vincent Baillat, Jacques Reynes, Pierre Corbeau, Kuan-Teh Jeang, and Monsef Benkirane
Science 16 March 2007: 1579-1582.
Published online 22 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136319] (in Science Express Reports)
To protect itself from host defenses, the RNA virus HIV has evolved a way to dampen the host cell's RNA-silencing machinery. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Founder Effects in the Assessment of HIV Polymorphisms and HLA Allele Associations

Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Marcus Daniels, David Heckerman, Brian Foley, Nicole Frahm, Carl Kadie, Jonathan Carlson, Karina Yusim, Ben McMahon, Brian Gaschen, Simon Mallal, James I. Mullins, David C. Nickle, Joshua Herbeck, Christine Rousseau, Gerald H. Learn, Toshiyuki Miura, Christian Brander, Bruce Walker, and Bette Korber
Science 16 March 2007: 1583-1586.
Reanalysis shows that HIV evolves within infected individuals under selection from the immune system, but that this effect is much less pronounced than had been believed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Slicer-Mediated Mechanism for Repeat-Associated siRNA 5' End Formation in Drosophila

Lalith S. Gunawardane, Kuniaki Saito, Kazumichi M. Nishida, Keita Miyoshi, Yoshinori Kawamura, Tomoko Nagami, Haruhiko Siomi, and Mikiko C. Siomi
Science 16 March 2007: 1587-1590.
Published online 22 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140494] (in Science Express Reports)
Tiny RNAs that silence potentially harmful transposons and repetitive sequences in germ cells are excised from larger RNAs by Argonaute proteins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Attention-Like Processes in Drosophila Require Short-Term Memory Genes

Bruno van Swinderen
Science 16 March 2007: 1590-1593.
Like humans, fruit flies show characteristic brain activity when attending to new objects, but those with mutations in short-term memory genes do not. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Global Genetic Change Tracks Global Climate Warming in Drosophila subobscura"

Francisco Rodríguez-Trelles and Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
Science 16 March 2007: 1497.
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Response to Comment on "Global Genetic Change Tracks Global Climate Warming in Drosophila subobscura"

Joan Balanyà, Josep M. Oller, Raymond B. Huey, George W. Gilchrist, and Luis Serra
Science 16 March 2007: 1497.
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