This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 9 March 2007: 1333.
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Editorial:
Environment Meets Health, Again

Richard J. Jackson
Science 9 March 2007: 1337.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 9 March 2007: 1339.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 9 March 2007: 1430.
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News of the Week

NUCLEAR WEAPONS: Livermore Lab Dips Into the Past to Win Weapons Design Contest

Eli Kintisch
Science 9 March 2007: 1348.
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WILDLIFE STUDIES: Researchers Explore Alternatives to Elephant Culling

Robert Koenig
Science 9 March 2007: 1349.
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METEOROLOGY: A Dose of Dust That Quieted an Entire Hurricane Season?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 9 March 2007: 1351.
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EVOLUTION: Robot Suggests How the First Land Animals Got Walking

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 9 March 2007: 1352-1353.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: Report Tells NSF to Think More Boldly

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 9 March 2007: 1352-1353.
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ScienceScope

Science 9 March 2007: 1351.
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Random Samples

Science 9 March 2007: 1345.
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Newsmakers

Science 9 March 2007: 1347.
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News Focus

RESEARCH FACILITIES: China Supersizes Its Science

Xin Hao and Hepeng Jia
Science 9 March 2007: 1354-1356.
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RETROVIRUS MEETING: Hope on New AIDS Drugs, but Breast-Feeding Strategy Backfires

Jon Cohen
Science 9 March 2007: 1357.
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EVOLUTION: Jurassic Genome

Carl Zimmer
Science 9 March 2007: 1358-1359.
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NEUROSCIENCE: Hunting for Meaning After Midnight

Greg Miller
Science 9 March 2007: 1360-1363.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 9 March 2007: 1365.
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 Did the Olmec Know How to Write?

Karen O. Bruhns, Nancy L. Kelker;, Ma. del Carmen Rodríguez Martínez, Ponciano Ortíz Ceballos, Michael D. Coe, Richard A. Diehl, Stephen D. Houston, Karl A. Taube, and Alfredo Delgado Calderón
Science 9 March 2007: 1365-1366.
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 Hurricanes Not the Key to a Sustainable Coast

Virginia Burkett, C. G. Groat, Denise Reed;, R. Eugene Turner, Joseph J. Baustian, Erick M. Swenson, and Jennifer S. Spicer
Science 9 March 2007: 1366-1368.
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Books et al.

COMPUTERS: From Whole Earth to the Whole Web

Henry Lieberman
Science 9 March 2007: 1369.
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ENDOCRINOLOGY: Many Players in the Concerto of Sex

Sandra Eder
Science 9 March 2007: 1370.
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Books Received

Science 9 March 2007: 1370.
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Policy Forum

CLIMATE CHANGE: CO₂ Arithmetic

Wallace S. Broecker
Science 9 March 2007: 1371.
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Perspectives

PHYSICS: Watching Rush Hour in the World of Electrons

Jan Zaanen
Science 9 March 2007: 1372-1373.
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BIOCHEMISTRY: A New Target for Antibiotic Development

Gerard D. Wright
Science 9 March 2007: 1373-1374.
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CELL BIOLOGY: What a Cell Should Know (But May Not)

Ted Weinert
Science 9 March 2007: 1374-1375.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Eating In to Avoid Infection

Caetano Reis e Sousa
Science 9 March 2007: 1376-1377.
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APPLIED PHYSICS: Oxide Electronics Emerge

Arthur P. Ramirez
Science 9 March 2007: 1377-1378.
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Brevia

Room-Temperature Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene

K. S. Novoselov, Z. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Morozov, H. L. Stormer, U. Zeitler, J. C. Maan, G. S. Boebinger, P. Kim, and A. K. Geim
Science 9 March 2007: 1379.
Published online 15 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1137201] (in Science Express Brevia)
The quantum Hall effect, usually seen near 0 degrees kelvin, occurs at room temperature within single graphene sheets, in which the charge carriers behave as massive relativistic particles. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Article

An Intrinsic Bond-Centered Electronic Glass with Unidirectional Domains in Underdoped Cuprates

Y. Kohsaka, C. Taylor, K. Fujita, A. Schmidt, C. Lupien, T. Hanaguri, M. Azuma, M. Takano, H. Eisaki, H. Takagi, S. Uchida, and J. C. Davis
Science 9 March 2007: 1380-1385.
Published online 8 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138584] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Two families of cuprate superconductors are shown to share a common electronic superstructure that may be the precursor phase to the onset of superconductivity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Super Plastic Bulk Metallic Glasses at Room Temperature

Yan Hui Liu, Gang Wang, Ru Ju Wang, De Qian Zhao, Ming Xiang Pan, and Wei Hua Wang
Science 9 March 2007: 1385-1388.
Tuning the composition and elasticity of zirconium-based metallic glasses turns these usually brittle glasses into superplastic materials. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Quantum Hall Effect in Polar Oxide Heterostructures

A. Tsukazaki, A. Ohtomo, T. Kita, Y. Ohno, H. Ohno, and M. Kawasaki
Science 9 March 2007: 1388-1391.
Published online 25 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1137430] (in Science Express Reports)
The quantum Hall effect, usually seen in semiconductors, is now also seen in a layered zinc-magnesium oxide. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Molecule Carrier

K. L. Wong, G. Pawin, K.-Y. Kwon, X. Lin, T. Jiao, U. Solanki, R. H. J. Fawcett, L. Bartels, S. Stolbov, and T. S. Rahman
Science 9 March 2007: 1391-1393.
Published online 18 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135302] (in Science Express Reports)
In a molecular conveyor, CO₂ can be carried across a copper surface on anthraquinone molecules (which diffuse linearly, not isotropically) and then can be unloaded at the end. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Multifunctional Encoded Particles for High-Throughput Biomolecule Analysis

Daniel C. Pregibon, Mehmet Toner, and Patrick S. Doyle
Science 9 March 2007: 1393-1396.
Via lithography, a microfluidic device can synthesize particles with identifiable codes and detection reagents to generate multifunctional screens for genetics or chemistry. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Inverse Relations Between Amounts of Air Pollution and Orographic Precipitation

Daniel Rosenfeld, Jin Dai, Xing Yu, Zhanyu Yao, Xiaohong Xu, Xing Yang, and Chuanli Du
Science 9 March 2007: 1396-1398.
Measurements over several decades in central China show that air pollution has dramatically reduced precipitation from ascending air masses in hilly regions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Autophagy-Dependent Viral Recognition by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

Heung Kyu Lee, Jennifer M. Lund, Balaji Ramanathan, Noboru Mizushima, and Akiko Iwasaki
Science 9 March 2007: 1398-1401.
Published online 1 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136880] (in Science Express Reports)
An unexpected function of autophagy (cellular self-digestion) is to unite RNA from infecting viruses with immune recognition molecules to trigger innate immune defenses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structural Insight into the Transglycosylation Step of Bacterial Cell-Wall Biosynthesis

Andrew L. Lovering, Liza H. de Castro, Daniel Lim, and Natalie C. J. Strynadka
Science 9 March 2007: 1402-1405.
The crystal structure of an enzyme essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis will allow structure-based design of new antimicrobial agents. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dynamics of Replication-Independent Histone Turnover in Budding Yeast

Michael F. Dion, Tommy Kaplan, Minkyu Kim, Stephen Buratowski, Nir Friedman, and Oliver J. Rando
Science 9 March 2007: 1405-1408.
Regions of chromatin that are epigenetically silenced and highly regulated are coated with histones that rapidly bind and release the DNA. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Histone Replacement Marks the Boundaries of cis-Regulatory Domains

Yoshiko Mito, Jorja G. Henikoff, and Steven Henikoff
Science 9 March 2007: 1408-1411.
Regions of chromatin that are epigenetically silenced and highly regulated are coated with histones that rapidly bind and release the DNA. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Anaphase Onset Before Complete DNA Replication with Intact Checkpoint Responses

Jordi Torres-Rosell, Giacomo De Piccoli, Violeta Cordon-Preciado, Sarah Farmer, Adam Jarmuz, Felix Machin, Philippe Pasero, Michael Lisby, James E. Haber, and Luis Aragón
Science 9 March 2007: 1411-1415.
Unexpectedly, yeast--a widely used organism for cell cycle studies--does not have a mechanism to prevent cell division if DNA replication is still incomplete. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

From Swimming to Walking with a Salamander Robot Driven by a Spinal Cord Model

Auke Jan Ijspeert, Alessandro Crespi, Dimitri Ryczko, and Jean-Marie Cabelguen
Science 9 March 2007: 1416-1420.
A simple circuit that controls swimming in a robotic salamander can be converted to one that generates realistic walking by the addition of local circuits for limb oscillation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ecological Speciation in South Atlantic Island Finches

Peter G. Ryan, Paulette Bloomer, Coleen L. Moloney, Tyron J. Grant, and Wayne Delport
Science 9 March 2007: 1420-1423.
Finch populations on two Tristan islands have independently evolved into two species, each with properties attributable to ecological differences between the two islands. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coupling Diurnal Cytosolic Ca²⁺ Oscillations to the CAS-IP₃ Pathway in Arabidopsis

Ru-Hang Tang, Shengcheng Han, Hailei Zheng, Charles W. Cook, Christopher S. Choi, Todd E. Woerner, Robert B. Jackson, and Zhen-Ming Pei
Science 9 March 2007: 1423-1426.
An interplay of signaling pathways monitors and controls the diurnal rhythm in intracellular calcium in plant cells, responding to soil calcium levels and transpiration. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Odor Cues During Slow-Wave Sleep Prompt Declarative Memory Consolidation

Björn Rasch, Christian Büchel, Steffen Gais, and Jan Born
Science 9 March 2007: 1426-1429.
In humans, a new memory formed in the presence of an odor is consolidated faster when the odor is used to induce neural activity in the hippocampus during subsequent sleep. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|