This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 2 March 2007: 1189.
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Editorial:
Animal Health Research

Jakob Zinsstag
Science 2 March 2007: 1193.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 2 March 2007: 1194.
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Science Podcast

Science 2 March 2007: 1287.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 2 March 2007: 1287.
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News of the Week

CANCER RESEARCH: Tight Budget Takes a Toll on U.S.-Funded Clinical Trials

Jennifer Couzin
Science 2 March 2007: 1202-1203.
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PARTICLE PHYSICS: Dreams Collide With Reality for International Experiment

Adrian Cho
Science 2 March 2007: 1203.
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ZOOLOGY: African Penguin Populations Reported in a Puzzling Decline

Robert Koenig
Science 2 March 2007: 1205.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Mystery Towers in Peru Are an Ancient Solar Calendar

Charles C. Mann
Science 2 March 2007: 1206-1207.
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U.S. INNOVATION: Democrats Rescue Technology Research Program

Eli Kintisch
Science 2 March 2007: 1206.
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STEM CELLS: Data on Adult Stem Cells Questioned

Constance Holden
Science 2 March 2007: 1207.
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ScienceScope

Science 2 March 2007: 1205.
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Random Samples

Science 2 March 2007: 1199.
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Newsmakers

Science 2 March 2007: 1201.
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News Focus

NEUROANATOMY: Brain Evolution Studies Go Micro

Michael Balter
Science 2 March 2007: 1208-1211.
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ONCOLOGY: Recruiting the Cell's Own Guardian for Cancer Therapy

Jean Marx
Science 2 March 2007: 1211-1213.
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SKIN BIOLOGY: A Healthy Tan?

Ingrid Wickelgren
Science 2 March 2007: 1214-1216.
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SKIN BIOLOGY: Why I Have Red Hair, Need to Avoid the Sun, and Shouldn't Commit a Crime

Ingrid Wickelgren
Science 2 March 2007: 1215.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Pollutant Hazes Extend Their Climate-Changing Reach

Richard A. Kerr
Science 2 March 2007: 1217.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 2 March 2007: 1219.
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 To Sleep, Perchance to Dream

Russell Conduit;, Christoph Adami;, Hod Lipson, Victor Zykov, and Josh Bongard
Science 2 March 2007: 1219-1220.
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 Online Versus Hardcopy Textbooks

Ronald I. Dorn
Science 2 March 2007: 1220.
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 Is the EC Afraid of Its Own Visions?

Josef Settele, Ingolf Kühn, Stefan Klotz, Volker Hammen, and Joachim Spangenberg
Science 2 March 2007: 1220.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 2 March 2007: 1220-1221.
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Books et al.

AGRICULTURE: Looking Beyond Corn and Petroleum

Tobias Plieninger
Science 2 March 2007: 1222-1223.
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ANTHROPOLOGY: Showing Some Skin

Qais Al-Awqati
Science 2 March 2007: 1223.
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Books Received

Science 2 March 2007: 1223.
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Policy Forum

NUCLEAR WAR: Consequences of Regional-Scale Nuclear Conflicts

Owen B. Toon, Alan Robock, Richard P. Turco, Charles Bardeen, Luke Oman, and Georgiy L. Stenchikov
Science 2 March 2007: 1224-1225.
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Perspectives

PHYSICS: Negative Refraction for Electrons?

J. B. Pendry
Science 2 March 2007: 1226-1227.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: Keep It Local

Angus Buckling
Science 2 March 2007: 1227-1228.
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CHEMISTRY: Water from First Principles

Anthony J. Stone
Science 2 March 2007: 1228-1229.
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BIOCHEMISTRY: A Missing Link in Membrane Protein Evolution

Bert Poolman, Eric R. Geertsma, and Dirk-Jan Slotboom
Science 2 March 2007: 1229-1231.
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ECOLOGY: How the Wood Moves

Katriona Shea
Science 2 March 2007: 1231-1232.
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ATMOSPHERE: Forecasting Hurricane Intensity and Impacts

Hugh E. Willoughby
Science 2 March 2007: 1232-1233.
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Brevia

Was There Really an Archean Phosphate Crisis?

Kurt O. Konhauser, Stefan V. Lalonde, Larry Amskold, and Heinrich D. Holland
Science 2 March 2007: 1234.
High silica concentrations in Archean oceans may have prevented iron oxyhydroxides from depleting the oceans of nutritionally essential phosphate, as had been thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Hurricane Intensity and Eyewall Replacement

Robert A. Houze, Jr., Shuyi S. Chen, Bradley F. Smull, Wen-Chau Lee, and Michael M. Bell
Science 2 March 2007: 1235-1239.
Aircraft observations of Hurricane Rita show that downward winds outside the eye wall led to its replacement by a new outer eye wall, causing cyclic strengthening of the storm. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Chankillo: A 2300-Year-Old Solar Observatory in Coastal Peru

Ivan Ghezzi and Clive Ruggles
Science 2 March 2007: 1239-1243.
Stone towers built on a hill in a 2300-year-old Peruvian temple imply that careful observations of the Sun were made in the New World long before the Inca civilization. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Human Neuroblasts Migrate to the Olfactory Bulb via a Lateral Ventricular Extension

Maurice A. Curtis, Monica Kam, Ulf Nannmark, Michelle F. Anderson, Mathilda Zetterstrom Axell, Carsten Wikkelso, Stig Holtås, Willeke M. C. van Roon-Mom, Thomas Björk-Eriksson, Claes Nordborg, Jonas Frisén, Michael Dragunow, Richard L. M. Faull, and Peter S. Eriksson
Science 2 March 2007: 1243-1249.
Published online 15 February 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136281] (in Science Express Research Articles)
As in rodents, adult human neurons born along the fluid-filled ventricles in the brain migrate to the olfactory bulb along a tubelike extension of the ventricle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Predictions of the Properties of Water from First Principles

Robert Bukowski, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Gerrit C. Groenenboom, and Ad van der Avoird
Science 2 March 2007: 1249-1252.
A purely quantum mechanical potential energy function accurately predicts many features of water in forms ranging from an isolated pair of molecules to the bulk liquid. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

The Focusing of Electron Flow and a Veselago Lens in Graphene p-n Junctions

Vadim V. Cheianov, Vladimir Fal'ko, and B. L. Altshuler
Science 2 March 2007: 1252-1255.
Balancing the densities of electrons and holes across a grapheme-based junction can focus an electric current, potentially leading to electronic lenses and electron beam-splitters. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Halwaxiids and the Early Evolution of the Lophotrochozoans

Simon Conway Morris and Jean-Bernard Caron
Science 2 March 2007: 1255-1258.
A new species from the Burgess Shale unites two enigmatic groups important in the early evolution of bilateria and implies that mollusks diverged early in the Cambrian. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rethinking Organic Aerosols: Semivolatile Emissions and Photochemical Aging

Allen L. Robinson, Neil M. Donahue, Manish K. Shrivastava, Emily A. Weitkamp, Amy M. Sage, Andrew P. Grieshop, Timothy E. Lane, Jeffrey R. Pierce, and Spyros N. Pandis
Science 2 March 2007: 1259-1262.
Organic aerosols, thought to be unmodified from their sources, instead typically evolve through a cycle of evaporation, oxidation, and reformation in urban atmospheres. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Anti-Hebbian Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampal Feedback Inhibitory Circuit

Karri P. Lamsa, Joost H. Heeroma, Peter Somogyi, Dmitri A. Rusakov, and Dimitri M. Kullmann
Science 2 March 2007: 1262-1266.
In an unusual form of plasticity, certain synapses in rat interneurons are strengthened if presynaptic activity occurs while the postsynaptic cell is at rest or hyperpolarized. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nucleus Accumbens D2/3 Receptors Predict Trait Impulsivity and Cocaine Reinforcement

Jeffrey W. Dalley, Tim D. Fryer, Laurent Brichard, Emma S. J. Robinson, David E. H. Theobald, Kristjan Lääne, Yolanda Peña, Emily R. Murphy, Yasmene Shah, Katrin Probst, Irina Abakumova, Franklin I. Aigbirhio, Hugh K. Richards, Young Hong, Jean-Claude Baron, Barry J. Everitt, and Trevor W. Robbins
Science 2 March 2007: 1267-1270.
Rats that tend to abuse cocaine have lower dopamine receptor availability even before drug exposure, suggesting that this trait is preexisting and not a result of drug abuse. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reconstitution of DNA Segregation Driven by Assembly of a Prokaryotic Actin Homolog

Ethan C. Garner, Christopher S. Campbell, Douglas B. Weibel, and R. Dyche Mullins
Science 2 March 2007: 1270-1274.
DNA movement during prokaryotic cell division can be reconstituted in a cell-free system by an actin-like protein and a DNA binding protein, which form a bipolar spindle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Multiple Functions of the IKK-Related Kinase IKK in Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Immunity

Benjamin R. tenOever, Sze-Ling Ng, Mark A. Chua, Sarah M. McWhirter, Adolfo García-Sastre, and Tom Maniatis
Science 2 March 2007: 1274-1278.
A kinase activated in response to viral infection unexpectedly acts directly on a transcription factor for antiviral genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

LRP6 Mutation in a Family with Early Coronary Disease and Metabolic Risk Factors

Arya Mani, Jayaram Radhakrishnan, He Wang, Alaleh Mani, Mohammad-Ali Mani, Carol Nelson-Williams, Khary S. Carew, Shrikant Mane, Hossein Najmabadi, Dan Wu, and Richard P. Lifton
Science 2 March 2007: 1278-1282.
A mutation in a key signaling pathway causes both coronary artery disease and a metabolic syndrome, explaining why these disorders are often associated with one another. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Emulating Membrane Protein Evolution by Rational Design

Mikaela Rapp, Susanna Seppälä, Erik Granseth, and Gunnar von Heijne
Science 2 March 2007: 1282-1284.
Published online 25 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135406] (in Science Express Reports)
Stepwise modifications to a drug efflux pump show how the bacterial dimeric pump may have evolved through duplication and inversion of an ancestral protein domain. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Local Interactions Select for Lower Pathogen Infectivity

Michael Boots and Michael Mealor
Science 2 March 2007: 1284-1286.
Among caterpillars harboring a virus, the least mobile individuals harbor the least infective viruses, confirming a basic hypothesis about disease transmission. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Detecting Awareness in the Vegetative State"

Parashkev Nachev and Masud Husain
Science 2 March 2007: 1221.
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Comment on "Detecting Awareness in the Vegetative State"

Daniel L. Greenberg
Science 2 March 2007: 1221.
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Response to Comments on "Detecting Awareness in the Vegetative State"

Adrian M. Owen, Martin R. Coleman, Melanie Boly, Matthew H. Davis, Steven Laureys, Dietsje Jolles, and John D. Pickard
Science 2 March 2007: 1221.
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