Sustainability and Energy

Energy for the Long Haul

Phil Szuromi, Barbara Jasny, Daniel Clery, James Austin, and Brooks Hanson
Science 9 February 2007: 781.
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News

A Sustainable Future, If We Pay Up Front

Daniel Clery
Science 9 February 2007: 782-783.
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STEVEN CHU PROFILE: Steering a National Lab Into the Light

Robert F. Service
Science 9 February 2007: 784.
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ANDREW BLAKERS AND KLAUS WEBER PROFILE: Eureka Moment Puts Sliced Solar Cells on Track

Dennis Normile
Science 9 February 2007: 785.
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CLINT CHAPPLE PROFILE: How to Make Biofuels Truly Poplar

Eli Kintisch
Science 9 February 2007: 786.
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DEBRA ROLISON PROFILE: Small Thinking, Electrified Froth, and the Beauty of a Fine Mess

Robert Coontz
Science 9 February 2007: 787.
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A Fuel for Small Farms

Eli Kintisch
Science 9 February 2007: 788.
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Wiring Up Europe's Coastline

Daniel Clery
Science 9 February 2007: 788.
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DANIEL NOCERA PROFILE: Hydrogen Economy? Let Sunlight Do the Work

Robert F. Service
Science 9 February 2007: 789.
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STEVEN KOONIN PROFILE: Guiding an Oil Tanker Into Renewable Waters

Daniel Clery
Science 9 February 2007: 790.
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TARIQ RAUF PROFILE: Treading the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Minefield

John Bohannon
Science 9 February 2007: 791.
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NORWAY: A Nuclear Demonstration Project?

Daniel Clery
Science 9 February 2007: 792.
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Photovoltaics in Focus

John Bohannon
Science 9 February 2007: 792.
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JAY KEASLING PROFILE: Rethinking Mother Nature's Choices

Robert F. Service
Science 9 February 2007: 793.
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RICHARD MARTINEAU PROFILE: Former Marine Seeks a Model EMPRESS

Eli Kintisch
Science 9 February 2007: 794.
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JAMES DUMESIC PROFILE: Catalyzing the Emergence of a Practical Biorefinery

Adrian Cho
Science 9 February 2007: 795.
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Perspectives

Don't Forget Long-Term Fundamental Research in Energy

George M. Whitesides and George W. Crabtree
Science 9 February 2007: 796-798.
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Toward Cost-Effective Solar Energy Use

Nathan S. Lewis
Science 9 February 2007: 798-801.
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Challenges in Engineering Microbes for Biofuels Production

Gregory Stephanopoulos
Science 9 February 2007: 801-804.
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Biomass Recalcitrance: Engineering Plants and Enzymes for Biofuels Production

Michael E. Himmel, Shi-You Ding, David K. Johnson, William S. Adney, Mark R. Nimlos, John W. Brady, and Thomas D. Foust
Science 9 February 2007: 804-807.
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Ethanol for a Sustainable Energy Future

José Goldemberg
Science 9 February 2007: 808-810.
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Renewable Energy Sources and the Realities of Setting an Energy Agenda

Janez Potocnik
Science 9 February 2007: 810-811.
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Preparing to Capture Carbon

Daniel P. Schrag
Science 9 February 2007: 812-813.
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SCIENCE CAREERS: From Greener Production to Carbon Trading: Sustainable Energy Careers

John Bohannon
Science 9 February 2007: 868-869.
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SCIENCE CAREERS: Covering the Planet With Solar Panels

Sarah Webb
Science 9 February 2007: 869.
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SCIENCE CAREERS: Getting on the Grid: Bringing Remote, Intermittent Energy Sources Into Line

Jim Austin
Science 9 February 2007: 870.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 9 February 2007: 733.
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Editorial:
Energy and Sustainability

John P. Holdren
Science 9 February 2007: 737.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 9 February 2007: 739.
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Science Podcast

Science 9 February 2007: 867.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 9 February 2007: 867.
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News of the Week

PHYSICS: International Team Releases Design, Cost for Next Great Particle Smasher

Adrian Cho
Science 9 February 2007: 746.
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ENERGY RESEARCH: BP Bets Big on UC Berkeley for Novel Biofuels Center

Eli Kintisch
Science 9 February 2007: 747.
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AFRICAN SCIENCE: African Leaders Endorse Science Initiatives

Robert Koenig
Science 9 February 2007: 748.
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SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE: Racism Allegations Taint Chinese Effort to Recruit Overseas Talent

Xin Hao
Science 9 February 2007: 748.
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MEDICINE: Rett Symptoms Reversed in Mice

Greg Miller
Science 9 February 2007: 749.
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2008 U.S. BUDGET: Research Rises--and Falls--in the President's Spending Plan

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 9 February 2007: 750-753.
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2008 U.S. BUDGET: NASA Tries to Make Space for Science

Andrew Lawler
Science 9 February 2007: 751.
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2008 U.S. BUDGET: NIH Children's Study Sparks Fight

Eliot Marshall
Science 9 February 2007: 751.
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2008 U.S. BUDGET: NSF Education Program Rebounds

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 9 February 2007: 751.
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2008 U.S. BUDGET: Science Adviser Battles Cancer

Jeffrey D. Mervis
Science 9 February 2007: 753.
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ScienceScope

Science 9 February 2007: 749.
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Random Samples

Science 9 February 2007: 743.
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Newsmakers

Science 9 February 2007: 745.
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News Focus

CLIMATE CHANGE: Scientists Tell Policymakers We're All Warming the World

Richard A. Kerr
Science 9 February 2007: 754-757.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: U.S. Policy: A Permanent Sea Change?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 9 February 2007: 756-757.
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BRAIN, MUSIC, AND SOUND RESEARCH CENTER: Study of Music and the Mind Hits a High Note in Montreal

Michael Balter
Science 9 February 2007: 758-759.
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STEM CELLS: Controversial Marrow Cells Coming Into Their Own?

Constance Holden
Science 9 February 2007: 760-761.
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STEM CELLS: Stem Cell Candidates Proliferate

Constance Holden
Science 9 February 2007: 761.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 9 February 2007: 762.
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 Limits to the Human Cancer Genome Project?

Wee J. Chng;, Lawrence A. Loeb, Jason H. Bielas;, Bernard S. Strauss;, Tobias Sjöblom, Siân Jones, Laura D. Wood, D. Williams Parsons, Jimmy Lin, Thomas Barber, Diana Mandelker, Rebecca J. Leary, Janine Ptak, Natalie Silliman, Steve Szabo, Phillip Buckhaults, Christopher Farrell, Paul Meeh, Sanford D. Markowitz, Joseph Willis, Dawn Dawson, James K V. Willson, Adi F. Gazdar, James Hartigan, Leo Wu, Changsheng Liu, Giovanni Parmigiani, Ben Ho Park, Kurtis E. Bachman, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler, and Victor E. Velculescu
Science 9 February 2007: 762-766.
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 Gene Expression and Ethnic Differences

Michael S. Billinger
Science 9 February 2007: 766.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 9 February 2007: 766.
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Books et al.

POETRY: Metaphors Be with You

Diane Ackerman
Science 9 February 2007: 767-768.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Franklin's Civic Science

H. Frederick Dylla
Science 9 February 2007: 768.
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Books Received

Science 9 February 2007: 768.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Time for a New Era of Science Diplomacy

Kristin M. Lord and Vaughan C. Turekian
Science 9 February 2007: 769-770.
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Perspectives

BIOPHYSICS: Antennae as Gyroscopes

R. McNeill Alexander
Science 9 February 2007: 771-772.
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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: Pumping Up Surface Air

Lyatt Jaegle
Science 9 February 2007: 772-773.
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MICROBIOLOGY: Bright Insight into Bacterial Gliding

Daniel B. Kearns
Science 9 February 2007: 773-774.
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CHEMISTRY: Can Droplets and Bubbles Think?

Irving R. Epstein
Science 9 February 2007: 775-776.
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CELL BIOLOGY: Cellular Demolition and the Rules of Engagement

Richard J. Youle
Science 9 February 2007: 776-777.
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OCEANS: Picoplankton Do Some Heavy Lifting

Richard T. Barber
Science 9 February 2007: 777-778.
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Brevia

Enceladus: Cosmic Graffiti Artist Caught in the Act

Anne Verbiscer, Richard French, Mark Showalter, and Paul Helfenstein
Science 9 February 2007: 815.
Hubble Space Telescope observations indicate that particles emitted from Saturn's moon Enceladus collide with other satellites in the same ring, increasing their albedos. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Direct Measurements of the Convective Recycling of the Upper Troposphere

Timothy H. Bertram, Anne E. Perring, Paul J. Wooldridge, John D. Crounse, Alan J. Kwan, Paul O. Wennberg, Eric Scheuer, Jack Dibb, Melody Avery, Glen Sachse, Stephanie A. Vay, James H. Crawford, Cameron S. McNaughton, Antony Clarke, Kenneth E. Pickering, Henry Fuelberg, Greg Huey, Donald R. Blake, Hanwant B. Singh, Samuel R. Hall, Richard E. Shetter, Alan Fried, Brian G. Heikes, and Ronald C. Cohen
Science 9 February 2007: 816-820.
Published online 4 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1134548] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Direct measurements imply that the rate of deep convection in the troposphere may be faster than predicted, affecting our understanding of chemical reactions in air. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Membrane Receptor for Retinol Binding Protein Mediates Cellular Uptake of Vitamin A

Riki Kawaguchi, Jiamei Yu, Jane Honda, Jane Hu, Julian Whitelegge, Peipei Ping, Patrick Wiita, Dean Bok, and Hui Sun
Science 9 February 2007: 820-825.
Published online 25 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136244] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A membrane protein with a previously unknown function binds the carrier protein for vitamin A, causes release of the vitamin, and transports it into cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

A Common Explosion Mechanism for Type Ia Supernovae

Paolo A. Mazzali, Friedrich K. Röpke, Stefano Benetti, and Wolfgang Hillebrandt
Science 9 February 2007: 825-828.
Spectral measurement of the expansion of type Ia supernovae shows that they all formed from stars of essentially the same mass, affirming their use for distance measurements. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coding/Decoding and Reversibility of Droplet Trains in Microfluidic Networks

Michael J. Fuerstman, Piotr Garstecki, and George M. Whitesides
Science 9 February 2007: 828-832.
Published online 4 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1134514] (in Science Express Reports)
A microfluidics device in which droplets move into one of two unequal channels shows reversible nonlinear effects that can be manipulated to encode and decode signals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Microfluidic Bubble Logic

Manu Prakash and Neil Gershenfeld
Science 9 February 2007: 832-835.
Logic gates are created by exploiting the nonlinear behavior of bubbles traveling in an otherwise linear microfluidic system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Chemical and Spectroscopic Evidence for an Fe^V-Oxo Complex

Filipe Tiago de Oliveira, Arani Chanda, Deboshri Banerjee, Xiaopeng Shan, Sujit Mondal, Lawrence Que, Jr., Emile L. Bominaar, Eckard Münck, and Terrence J. Collins
Science 9 February 2007: 835-838.
Published online 21 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1133417] (in Science Express Reports)
A high valent state of iron implicated in many enzymatic and environmental oxidations has been characterized in a stable compound at low temperature. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Small Phytoplankton and Carbon Export from the Surface Ocean

Tammi L. Richardson and George A. Jackson
Science 9 February 2007: 838-840.
Abundant picoplankton, thought to be too small to settle in the ocean, actually contribute to the flux of carbon to the depths in an amount proportional to their production. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Integration of TGF-ß and Ras/MAPK Signaling Through p53 Phosphorylation

Michelangelo Cordenonsi, Marco Montagner, Maddalena Adorno, Luca Zacchigna, Graziano Martello, Anant Mamidi, Sandra Soligo, Sirio Dupont, and Stefano Piccolo
Science 9 February 2007: 840-843.
Published online 18 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135961] (in Science Express Reports)
Two prominent signaling pathways important for cell growth and development intersect at a common tumor suppressor, p53. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of the Prefusion Form of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein G

Stéphane Roche, Félix A. Rey, Yves Gaudin, and Stéphane Bressanelli
Science 9 February 2007: 843-848.
Despite the reversibility of the process, the protein that fuses rabies-like viruses with cell membranes during infection undergoes a dramatic reorganization upon fusion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Relative Impact of Nucleotide and Copy Number Variation on Gene Expression Phenotypes

Barbara E. Stranger, Matthew S. Forrest, Mark Dunning, Catherine E. Ingle, Claude Beazley, Natalie Thorne, Richard Redon, Christine P. Bird, Anna de Grassi, Charles Lee, Chris Tyler-Smith, Nigel Carter, Stephen W. Scherer, Simon Tavaré, Panagiotis Deloukas, Matthew E. Hurles, and Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
Science 9 February 2007: 848-853.
Variation in gene expression among humans is caused by differences in single nucleotides as well as in the number of copies of genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evidence That Focal Adhesion Complexes Power Bacterial Gliding Motility

Tâm Mignot, Joshua W. Shaevitz, Patricia L. Hartzell, and David R. Zusman
Science 9 February 2007: 853-856.
Unexpectedly, bacteria can move as eukaryotes do, by adhering to the surface via transient adhesion sites that continually replenish at the forward end. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Apoptosis Initiated When BH3 Ligands Engage Multiple Bcl-2 Homologs, Not Bax or Bak

Simon N. Willis, Jamie I. Fletcher, Thomas Kaufmann, Mark F. van Delft, Lin Chen, Peter E. Czabotar, Helen Ierino, Erinna F. Lee, W. Douglas Fairlie, Philippe Bouillet, Andreas Strasser, Ruth M. Kluck, Jerry M. Adams, and David C. S. Huang
Science 9 February 2007: 856-859.
Two cell death-related proteins need to be constantly inhibited by prosurvival proteins to prevent death by default in human cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CPD Damage Recognition by Transcribing RNA Polymerase II

Florian Brueckner, Ulrich Hennecke, Thomas Carell, and Patrick Cramer
Science 9 February 2007: 859-862.
The damage induced in DNA by ultraviolet light causes transcribing polymerase to insert uridine, an abnormal nucleotide, halting progress and initiating DNA repair. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Antennal Mechanosensors Mediate Flight Control in Moths

Sanjay P. Sane, Alexandre Dieudonné, Mark A. Willis, and Thomas L. Daniel
Science 9 February 2007: 863-866.
Moths' antennae detect rotational motion and relay this mechanosensory input to neural centers to maintain stability during flight. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Obestatin, a Peptide Encoded by the Ghrelin Gene, Opposes Ghrelin's Effects on Food Intake"

N. Chartrel, R. Alvear-Perez, J. Leprince, X. Iturrioz, A. Reaux-Le Goazigo, V. Audinot, P. Chomarat, F. Coge, O. Nosjean, M. Rodriguez, J. P. Galizzi, J. A. Boutin, H. Vaudry, and C. Llorens-Cortes
Science 9 February 2007: 766.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Response to Comment on "Obestatin, a Peptide Encoded by the Ghrelin Gene, Opposes Ghrelin's Effects on Food Intake"

Jian V. Zhang, Cynthia Klein, Pei-Gen Ren, Stefan Kass, Luc Ver Donck, Dieder Moechars, and Aaron J. W. Hsueh
Science 9 February 2007: 766.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|