This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 2 February 2007: 569.
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Editorial:
Sustainability

Donald Kennedy
Science 2 February 2007: 573.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 2 February 2007: 574.
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Gordon Research Conferences

Science 2 February 2007: 671-693.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 2 February 2007: 670.
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News of the Week

VIROLOGY: From Two Mutations, an Important Clue About the Spanish Flu

Martin Enserink
Science 2 February 2007: 582.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Small Brains, Big Fight: 'Hobbits' Called New Species

Michael Balter
Science 2 February 2007: 583.
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METABOLIC RESEARCH: Canadian Group Claims 'Unique' Database

Eliot Marshall
Science 2 February 2007: 583-584.
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PHYSIOLOGY: Odor of Food Hastens Dieting Flies' Deaths

Mitch Leslie
Science 2 February 2007: 584.
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2008 U.S. BUDGET: Ocean Research Gets a Modest Boost

ERIK STOKSTAD
Science 2 February 2007: 585-586.
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GEOLOGY: Indonesian Mud Volcano Unleashes a Torrent of Controversy

Dennis Normile
Science 2 February 2007: 586.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: In Embryos, Pancreas and Liver Reach Full Size in Different Ways

Jennifer Couzin
Science 2 February 2007: 587.
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ScienceScope

Science 2 February 2007: 585.
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Random Samples

Science 2 February 2007: 579.
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Newsmakers

Science 2 February 2007: 581.
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News Focus

ARCHAEOLOGY: Judging Jerusalem

Andrew Lawler
Science 2 February 2007: 588-591.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: All in the Family

Andrew Lawler
Science 2 February 2007: 590.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Holy Land Prophet or Enfant Terrible?

Andrew Lawler
Science 2 February 2007: 591.
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CANCER RESEARCH: Probing the Roots of Race and Cancer

Jennifer Couzin
Science 2 February 2007: 592-594.
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SCIENCE EDUCATION: States Urged to Sign Up for a Higher Standard of Learning

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 2 February 2007: 595.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 2 February 2007: 596.
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 Studying Students in Montessori Schools

Patrik Lindenfors;, Phillip Mackinnon;, Angeline Lillard, and Nicole Else-Quest
Science 2 February 2007: 596-597.
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 Darwin: Not the First to Sketch a Tree

Mark Wheelis
Science 2 February 2007: 597.
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 Human Dispersal into Australasia

Mike A. Smith, Paul S. C. Tacon, Darren Curnoe, Alan Thorne;, and Paul Mellars
Science 2 February 2007: 597-598.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 2 February 2007: 598.
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Books et al.

MEDICINE: Developing a Different Perspective on Disease

Linda Adair
Science 2 February 2007: 600-601.
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ANTHROPOLOGY: Otherness--When Killing Is Easy

Caroline Ash
Science 2 February 2007: 601-602.
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BROWSING

Science 2 February 2007: 602.
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Books Received

Science 2 February 2007: 602.
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Policy Forum

ETHICS: The ISSCR Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

George Q. Daley, Lars Ahrlund Richter, Jonathan M. Auerbach, Nissim Benvenisty, R. Alta Charo, Grace Chen, Hong-kui Deng, Lawrence S. Goldstein, Kathy L. Hudson, Insoo Hyun, Sung Chull Junn, Jane Love, Eng Hin Lee, Anne McLaren, Christine L. Mummery, Norio Nakatsuji, Catherine Racowsky, Heather Rooke, Janet Rossant, Hans R. Schöler, Jan Helge Solbakk, Patrick Taylor, Alan O. Trounson, Irving L. Weissman, Ian Wilmut, John Yu, and Laurie Zoloth
Science 2 February 2007: 603-604.
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Perspectives

CELL SIGNALING: β-Arrestin, a Two-fisted Terminator

Eileen F. Grady
Science 2 February 2007: 605-606.
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ECOLOGY: Tackling Ecological Complexity in Climate Impact Research

Gian-Reto Walther
Science 2 February 2007: 606-607.
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CELL SIGNALING: Mitochondrial Longevity Pathways

György Hajnóczky and Jan B. Hoek
Science 2 February 2007: 607-609.
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CHEMISTRY: Watching Atoms Move

Joel D. Brock
Science 2 February 2007: 609-610.
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CHEMISTRY: Coherence and Symmetry Breaking at the Molecular Level

Andrei Sanov
Science 2 February 2007: 610-611.
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Review

Mesoscale Iron Enrichment Experiments 1993-2005: Synthesis and Future Directions

P. W. Boyd, T. Jickells, C. S. Law, S. Blain, E. A. Boyle, K. O. Buesseler, K. H. Coale, J. J. Cullen, H. J. W. de Baar, M. Follows, M. Harvey, C. Lancelot, M. Levasseur, N. P. J. Owens, R. Pollard, R. B. Rivkin, J. Sarmiento, V. Schoemann, V. Smetacek, S. Takeda, A. Tsuda, S. Turner, and A. J. Watson
Science 2 February 2007: 612-617.
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Brevia

Dimensions of Mind Perception

Heather M. Gray, Kurt Gray, and Daniel M. Wegner
Science 2 February 2007: 619.
In a Web-based survey, people conclude that anything that has feelings (such as hunger or pride) and the ability to act (such as communicating or showing self-restraint) possesses a mind. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Composite Materials with Viscoelastic Stiffness Greater Than Diamond

T. Jaglinski, D. Kochmann, D. Stone, and R. S. Lakes
Science 2 February 2007: 620-622.
Adding barium titanate to tin produces a composite material that is stiffer than diamond, because the trapped inclusions have negative compressibility. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coupling Coherence Distinguishes Structure Sensitivity in Protein Electron Transfer

Tatiana R. Prytkova, Igor V. Kurnikov, and David N. Beratan
Science 2 February 2007: 622-625.
Average rates of electron tunneling in proteins, which seem to reflect the distance from donor to acceptor, are actually produced by multiple tunneling pathways. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Thymine Dimerization in DNA Is an Ultrafast Photoreaction

Wolfgang J. Schreier, Tobias E. Schrader, Florian O. Koller, Peter Gilch, Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández, Vijay N. Swaminathan, Thomas Carell, Wolfgang Zinth, and Bern Kohler
Science 2 February 2007: 625-629.
Because spectroscopy indicates that ultraviolet light damages DNA within 1 picosecond, the damage depends on the DNA conformation just before it absorbs the light. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Single Photon-Induced Symmetry Breaking of H₂ Dissociation

F. Martín, J. Fernández, T. Havermeier, L. Foucar, Th. Weber, K. Kreidi, M. Schöffler, L. Schmidt, T. Jahnke, O. Jagutzki, A. Czasch, E. P. Benis, T. Osipov, A. L. Landers, A. Belkacem, M. H. Prior, H. Schmidt-Böcking, C. L. Cocke, and R. Dörner
Science 2 February 2007: 629-633.
When light dissociates hydrogen gas, two dissociation pathways of opposite parity entangle, leading to correlations in the directions followed by the resulting proton, electron, and atom. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Ultrafast Bond Softening in Bismuth: Mapping a Solid's Interatomic Potential with X-rays

D. M. Fritz, D. A. Reis, B. Adams, R. A. Akre, J. Arthur, C. Blome, P. H. Bucksbaum, A. L. Cavalieri, S. Engemann, S. Fahy, R. W. Falcone, P. H. Fuoss, K. J. Gaffney, M. J. George, J. Hajdu, M. P. Hertlein, P. B. Hillyard, M. Horn-von Hoegen, M. Kammler, J. Kaspar, R. Kienberger, P. Krejcik, S. H. Lee, A. M. Lindenberg, B. McFarland, D. Meyer, T. Montagne, É. D. Murray, A. J. Nelson, M. Nicoul, R. Pahl, J. Rudati, H. Schlarb, D. P. Siddons, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, Th. Tschentscher, D. von der Linde, and J. B. Hastings
Science 2 February 2007: 633-636.
Femtosecond x-ray diffraction measurements show that as more electrons are excited, bismuth atoms in a lattice oscillate more slowly, softening the lattice as suggested by theory. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid 20th-Century Increase in Coastal Upwelling off Northwest Africa

H. V. McGregor, M. Dima, H. W. Fischer, and S. Mulitza
Science 2 February 2007: 637-639.
Upwelling of cool, nutrient-rich waters has dramatically increased in the Atlantic off Morocco, probably because preferential warming of the land has increased alongshore winds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Species Interactions Reverse Grassland Responses to Changing Climate

K. B. Suttle, Meredith A. Thomsen, and Mary E. Power
Science 2 February 2007: 640-642.
Changes in rainfall alter interactions among species in experimental plots of California grassland to produce overall modifications not predicted by the responses of individual species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An X Chromosome Gene, WTX, Is Commonly Inactivated in Wilms Tumor

Miguel N. Rivera, Woo Jae Kim, Julie Wells, David R. Driscoll, Brian W. Brannigan, Moonjoo Han, James C. Kim, Andrew P. Feinberg, William L. Gerald, Sara O. Vargas, Lynda Chin, A. John Iafrate, Daphne W. Bell, and Daniel A. Haber
Science 2 February 2007: 642-645.
Published online 4 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1137509] (in Science Express Reports)
The identification of a gene mutated in pediatric kidney cancer suggests that genes located on the X chromosome play a greater role in cancer than has been thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The DEAD-Box RNA Helicase Dbp5 Functions in Translation Termination

Thomas Gross, Anja Siepmann, Dorotheé Sturm, Merle Windgassen, John J. Scarcelli, Matthias Seedorf, Charles N. Cole, and Heike Krebber
Science 2 February 2007: 646-649.
An RNA helicase is necessary for normal termination of translation, recruiting a known termination factor into the protein complex that ends the process. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Yeast Rtt109 Promotes Genome Stability by Acetylating Histone H3 on Lysine 56

Robert Driscoll, Amanda Hudson, and Stephen P. Jackson
Science 2 February 2007: 649-652.
A newly identified histone acetyl transferase is necessary for the stability of the genome, particularly during DNA replication. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rtt109 Acetylates Histone H3 Lysine 56 and Functions in DNA Replication

Junhong Han, Hui Zhou, Bruce Horazdovsky, Kangling Zhang, Rui-Ming Xu, and Zhiguo Zhang
Science 2 February 2007: 653-655.
A newly identified histone acetyl transferase is necessary for the stability of the genome, particularly during DNA replication. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Two-Amino Acid Change in the Hemagglutinin of the 1918 Influenza Virus Abolishes Transmission

Terrence M. Tumpey, Taronna R. Maines, Neal Van Hoeven, Laurel Glaser, Alicia Solórzano, Claudia Pappas, Nancy J. Cox, David E. Swayne, Peter Palese, Jacqueline M. Katz, and Adolfo García-Sastre
Science 2 February 2007: 655-659.
One or two changes in the amino acids of a surface protein on the 1918 influenza virus alter the sialic acid linkages sufficiently to greatly reduce transmissibility. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Protein Kinase C ß and Prolyl Isomerase 1 Regulate Mitochondrial Effects of the Life-Span Determinant p66^Shc

Paolo Pinton, Alessandro Rimessi, Saverio Marchi, Francesca Orsini, Enrica Migliaccio, Marco Giorgio, Cristina Contursi, Saverio Minucci, Fiamma Mantovani, Mariusz R. Wieckowski, Giannino Del Sal, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, and Rosario Rizzuto
Science 2 February 2007: 659-663.
A protein that prolongs life span when mutated has oxidoreductase activity in mitochondria where it generates toxic oxygen radicals, suggesting a possible therapeutic target. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Targeting of Diacylglycerol Degradation to M1 Muscarinic Receptors by ß-Arrestins

Christopher D. Nelson, Stephen J. Perry, Debra S. Regier, Stephen M. Prescott, Matthew K. Topham, and Robert J. Lefkowitz
Science 2 February 2007: 663-666.
A regulatory protein that limits the extent of signaling through a well-described class of receptor performs the same function for another receptor class, but by a completely different mechanism. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structural and Regulatory Genes Required to Make the Gas Dimethyl Sulfide in Bacteria

Jonathan D. Todd, Rachel Rogers, You Guo Li, Margaret Wexler, Philip L. Bond, Lei Sun, Andrew R. J. Curson, Gill Malin, Michael Steinke, and Andrew W. B. Johnston
Science 2 February 2007: 666-669.
A bacteria gene is found that enables cleavage of DMSP to the volatile sulfur compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS) involved in cloud nucleation and hence global warming. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Rapid Advance of Spring Arrival Dates in Long-Distance Migratory Birds"

Christiaan Both
Science 2 February 2007: 598.
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Response to Comment on "Rapid Advance of Spring Arrival Dates in Long-Distance Migratory Birds"

Niclas Jonzén, Andreas Lindén, Torbjørn Ergon, Endre Knudsen, Jon Olav Vik, Diego Rubolini, Dario Piacentini, Christian Brinch, Fernando Spina, Lennart Karlsson, Martin Stervander, Arne Andersson, Jonas Waldenström, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Erik Edvardsen, Rune Solvang, and Nils Chr. Stenseth
Science 2 February 2007: 598.
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