This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 26 January 2007: 433.
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Editorial:
Catalytic Connections

Monica Bradford
Science 26 January 2007: 437.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 26 January 2007: 438.
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Science Podcast

Science 26 January 2007: 535.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 26 January 2007: 535.
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News of the Week

CLIMATE CHANGE: New Congress May Be Warming Up to Plans for Capping Emissions

Eli Kintisch
Science 26 January 2007: 444.
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SPACE SCIENCE: LUNAR-A Moon Mission Gets an 'F'

Dennis Normile
Science 26 January 2007: 445-446.
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SPACE SCIENCE: India Inches Closer to Crewed Space Flight

Pallava Bagla
Science 26 January 2007: 445.
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RESEARCH MANAGEMENT: Report Backs NSF Prize to Spur Innovation

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 26 January 2007: 446.
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RESEARCH FUNDING: UC Balks at Campus-Wide Ban on Tobacco Money for Research

David Grimm
Science 26 January 2007: 447-448.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA: With Change in the Seasons, Bird Flu Returns

Dennis Normile and Martin Enserink
Science 26 January 2007: 448.
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ACADEMIC RESEARCH: Harvard Proposes One for the Team

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 26 January 2007: 449.
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ScienceScope

Science 26 January 2007: 447.
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Random Samples

Science 26 January 2007: 441.
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Newsmakers

Science 26 January 2007: 443.
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News Focus

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH: The Endangered Lab Chimp

Jon Cohen
Science 26 January 2007: 450-452.
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INVASIVE SPECIES: Feared Quagga Mussel Turns Up in Western United States

Erik Stokstad
Science 26 January 2007: 453.
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AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Three-Headed Quasar Promises to Shed Light on Universe's Past

Tom Siegfried
Science 26 January 2007: 454.
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AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Middle-Earth Denizens Mob the Milky Way

Tom Siegfried
Science 26 January 2007: 455.
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AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Snapshots From the Meeting

Tom Siegfried
Science 26 January 2007: 455.
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SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY MEETING: Loopy Lens Proteins Provide Squid With Excellent Eyesight

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 26 January 2007: 456.
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SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY MEETING: Muscle Fibers Shift Into High Gear

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 26 January 2007: 456.
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SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY MEETING: Whale Worm Sperm Factories

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 26 January 2007: 457.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 26 January 2007: 459.
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 Pretty Structures, But What About the Data?

Chris Miller
Science 26 January 2007: 459.
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 Crop Models, CO₂, and Climate Change

Frank Ewert, John R. Porter, Mark D. A. Rounsevell;, Stephen P. Long, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Andrew D. B. Leakey, Donald R. Ort, Josef Nösberger, and David Schimel
Science 26 January 2007: 459-460.
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 Problems with University Hiring in Spain

Juan J. Manfredi; and Emilio Artacho
Science 26 January 2007: 460.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 26 January 2007: 460.
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Books et al.

MUSIC: Riffs on Numerical Themes

John Bohannon
Science 26 January 2007: 462-463.
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SCIENCE AND RELIGION: Arguing for Atheism

Michael Shermer
Science 26 January 2007: 463.
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Books Received

Science 26 January 2007: 463.
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Education Forum

THE EARLY YEARS: Algorithm-Guided Individualized Reading Instruction

Carol McDonald Connor, Frederick J. Morrison, Barry J. Fishman, Christopher Schatschneider, and Phyllis Underwood
Science 26 January 2007: 464-465.
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Perspectives

GENETICS: SNPs, Silent But Not Invisible

Anton A. Komar
Science 26 January 2007: 466-467.
Published online 21 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138239] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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ATMOSPHERES: The Jet-Stream Conundrum

Mark P. Baldwin, Peter B. Rhines, Huei-Ping Huang, and Michael E. McIntyre
Science 26 January 2007: 467-468.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: The Mother of All Stem Cells?

Allan C. Spradling and Yixian Zheng
Science 26 January 2007: 469-470.
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CHEMISTRY: Single-Molecule Catalysis

Ian Smith
Science 26 January 2007: 470-471.
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GEOPHYSICS: Mediating Plate Convergence

Herb Dragert
Science 26 January 2007: 471-472.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 26 January 2007: 473-475.
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Review

Recombination and the Nature of Bacterial Speciation

Christophe Fraser, William P. Hanage, and Brian G. Spratt
Science 26 January 2007: 476-480.
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Brevia

Sex-Specific UV and Fluorescence Signals in Jumping Spiders

Matthew L. M. Lim, Michael F. Land, and Daiqin Li
Science 26 January 2007: 481.
Ultraviolet light is required for courtship in some jumping spiders: Males recognize females' UV-elicited fluorescence; females recognize males by UV-reflective patches on their bodies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Histocompatible Embryonic Stem Cells by Parthenogenesis

Kitai Kim, Paul Lerou, Akiko Yabuuchi, Claudia Lengerke, Kitwa Ng, Jason West, Andrew Kirby, Mark J. Daly, and George Q. Daley
Science 26 January 2007: 482-486.
Published online 14 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1133542] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Mouse embryos that develop by parthenogenesis can be a source of embryonic stem cells immunologically compatible with the donor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Reversible Switching of Hydrogel-Actuated Nanostructures into Complex Micropatterns

Alexander Sidorenko, Tom Krupenkin, Ashley Taylor, Peter Fratzl, and Joanna Aizenberg
Science 26 January 2007: 487-490.
Silicon nanocolumns embedded in a polymer hydrogel rapidly change their tilt in response to changes in humidity; complex patterns can be made by adjusting the stress field of the gel. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Electromechanical Resonators from Graphene Sheets

J. Scott Bunch, Arend M. van der Zande, Scott S. Verbridge, Ian W. Frank, David M. Tanenbaum, Jeevak M. Parpia, Harold G. Craighead, and Paul L. McEuen
Science 26 January 2007: 490-493.
A graphene sheet one atom thick, suspended across a nanoscale trench, can be induced to vibrate optically and electrically, providing the ultimate two-dimensional resonator. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Improved Oxygen Reduction Activity on Pt₃Ni(111) via Increased Surface Site Availability

Vojislav R. Stamenkovic, Ben Fowler, Bongjin Simon Mun, Guofeng Wang, Philip N. Ross, Christopher A. Lucas, and Nenad M. Markovic
Science 26 January 2007: 493-497.
Published online 11 January 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135941] (in Science Express Reports)
The Pt-enriched outer surface layer of the close-packed (111) surface has an altered electronic structure that favors O₂ adsorption over species such as OH. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Water Catalysis of a Radical-Molecule Gas-Phase Reaction

E. Vöhringer-Martinez, B. Hansmann, H. Hernandez, J. S. Francisco, J. Troe, and B. Abel
Science 26 January 2007: 497-501.
Measurements of reaction rates and simulations show that water molecules can act as catalysts in the gas phase and may participate in low-temperature reactions in the atmosphere. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Martian Atmospheric Erosion Rates

Stas Barabash, Andrei Fedorov, Rickard Lundin, and Jean-Andre Sauvaud
Science 26 January 2007: 501-503.
Measurements from Mars Express show that the solar wind is removing only a small amount of Mars' atmosphere, implying that the formally abundant H₂O and CO₂ remain underground. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Slow Earthquakes Coincident with Episodic Tremors and Slow Slip Events

Yoshihiro Ito, Kazushige Obara, Katsuhiko Shiomi, Shutaro Sekine, and Hitoshi Hirose
Science 26 January 2007: 503-506.
Published online 30 November 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1134454] (in Science Express Reports)
A series of weak low-frequency earthquakes correspond with seismic tremor and slip episodes on a subduction zone beneath Japan, perhaps increasing overall stress. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Strong Relationship Between DMS and the Solar Radiation Dose over the Global Surface Ocean

Sergio M. Vallina and Rafel Simó
Science 26 January 2007: 506-508.
The amount of dimethylsulfide produced by marine organisms helps to form clouds but depends on the amount of local sunlight, forming a negative feedback system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Plasminogen-Activating Protease Specifically Controls the Development of Primary Pneumonic Plague

Wyndham W. Lathem, Paul A. Price, Virginia L. Miller, and William E. Goldman
Science 26 January 2007: 509-513.
Plague bacteria can infect the lung because of the presence of a specific protease, which probably helps to inhibit host defenses and may be a useful therapeutic target. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Virus in a Fungus in a Plant: Three-Way Symbiosis Required for Thermal Tolerance

Luis M. Márquez, Regina S. Redman, Russell J. Rodriguez, and Marilyn J. Roossinck
Science 26 January 2007: 513-515.
A heat-tolerant grass in 65°C Yellowstone soils can grow only when infected by a fungus, which is protective only when it itself is infected by a mycovirus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Neural Basis of Loss Aversion in Decision-Making Under Risk

Sabrina M. Tom, Craig R. Fox, Christopher Trepel, and Russell A. Poldrack
Science 26 January 2007: 515-518.
Overlapping brain networks respond more to gambling losses than to gains, correlating with behavioral observations about risk aversion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Asymmetric Inheritance of Mother Versus Daughter Centrosome in Stem Cell Division

Yukiko M. Yamashita, Anthony P. Mahowald, Julie R. Perlin, and Margaret T. Fuller
Science 26 January 2007: 518-521.
In the process of producing differentiating daughters, the mother centrosome of Drosophila male germ cells is anchored via a microtubule array near the niche, producing asymmetric division. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Kinetics of Morphogen Gradient Formation

Anna Kicheva, Periklis Pantazis, Tobias Bollenbach, Yannis Kalaidzidis, Thomas Bittig, Frank Jülicher, and Marcos González-Gaitán
Science 26 January 2007: 521-525.
The kinetic parameters that establish and maintain morphogenic gradients are defined and measured for two key morphogens in Drosophila. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A "Silent" Polymorphism in the MDR1 Gene Changes Substrate Specificity

Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty, Jung Mi Oh, In-Wha Kim, Zuben E. Sauna, Anna Maria Calcagno, Suresh V. Ambudkar, and Michael M. Gottesman
Science 26 January 2007: 525-528.
Published online 21 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135308] (in Science Express Reports)
A rare, but synonymous, codon in alleles of a drug-resistance gene can change translation kinetics and so produce a conformationally distinct protein species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Imaging of Germinal Center Selection Events During Affinity Maturation

Christopher D. C. Allen, Takaharu Okada, H. Lucy Tang, and Jason G. Cyster
Science 26 January 2007: 528-531.
Published online 21 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136736] (in Science Express Reports)
During selection of immune cells that make high-affinity antibodies within lymph nodes, the cells are highly mobile and seem to compete for help from other immune cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Damage to the Insula Disrupts Addiction to Cigarette Smoking

Nasir H. Naqvi, David Rudrauf, Hanna Damasio, and Antoine Bechara
Science 26 January 2007: 531-534.
Smokers who sustain damage to the insula, a little-studied part of the brain, find that the urge to smoke is reduced. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Evolutionary Paths Underlying Flower Color Variation in Antirrhinum"

Mark D. Rausher
Science 26 January 2007: 461.
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Response to Comment on "Evolutionary Paths Underlying Flower Color Variation in Antirrhinum"

Annabel C. Whibley, Nicolas B. Langlade, Christophe Andalo, Andrew I. Hanna, Andrew Bangham, Christophe Thébaud, and Enrico Coen
Science 26 January 2007: 461.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|