This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 19 January 2007: 297.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Source It Out

Donald Kennedy
Science 19 January 2007: 301.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 19 January 2007: 302.
|Full Text »

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 19 January 2007: 396.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

NEUROBIOLOGY: A Surprising Connection Between Memory and Imagination

Greg Miller
Science 19 January 2007: 312.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: Fossil Dealers Launch Research Journal

Erik Stokstad
Science 19 January 2007: 313.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Trafficking Protein Suspected in Alzheimer's Disease

Jean Marx
Science 19 January 2007: 314.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

STEM CELL DEBATE: Scientists Protest 'Misrepresentation' as Senate Vote Looms

Constance Holden
Science 19 January 2007: 315-316.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

REGULATORY SCIENCE: Panel Pans Proposed Change in U.S. Risk Assessment

Daniel Charles
Science 19 January 2007: 316.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT: Former Hwang Colleague Faked Monkey Data, U.S. Says

Constance Holden
Science 19 January 2007: 317.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 19 January 2007: 315.
|Full Text »

Random Samples

Science 19 January 2007: 309.
|Full Text »

Newsmakers

Science 19 January 2007: 311.
|Full Text »

News Focus

ASTROBIOLOGY: Astrobiology Fights for Its Life

Andrew Lawler
Science 19 January 2007: 318-321.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ASTROBIOLOGY: It Rains in Spain and Wilts in Australia

Andrew Lawler
Science 19 January 2007: 320.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ASTROBIOLOGY: Pete Worden 'Ames' for the Moon and Beyond

Andrew Lawler
Science 19 January 2007: 321-322.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ASTROBIOLOGY: Robot Seeks New Life--and New Funding--in the Abyss of Zacatón

Kevin Krajick
Science 19 January 2007: 322-324.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOMECHANICS: Crab's Downfall Reveals a Hole in Biomechanics Studies

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 19 January 2007: 325.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

WILLIAM K. HARTMANN PROFILE: Renaissance Man of the Solar System

Richard A. Kerr
Science 19 January 2007: 326-327.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 19 January 2007: 328.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

 Treating Diseases with Adult Stem Cells

David A. Prentice and Gene Tarne
Science 19 January 2007: 328.
Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

 Moving Toward Decarbonization

H. Douglas Lightfoot;, Conor Reynolds, Eric Mazzi;, Reuel Shinnar, and Francesco Citro
Science 19 January 2007: 328-330.
Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

 Corrections And Clarifications

Science 19 January 2007: 330.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books et al.

SCIENCE AND THE MEDIA: Breaking the Embargo

Richard Horton
Science 19 January 2007: 331-332.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

LINGUISTICS: Language Learning Through Selection

Jeffrey Lidz and Lisa Pearl
Science 19 January 2007: 332.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 19 January 2007: 332.
Summary »|  

Policy Forum

SCIENCE FOR DEVELOPMENT: Poverty Reduction Through Animal Health

Brian Perry and Keith Sones
Science 19 January 2007: 333-334.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

IMMUNOLOGY: Antibodies Get a Break

Jayanta Chaudhuri and Maria Jasin
Science 19 January 2007: 335-336.
Published online 14 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1138091] (in Science Express Perspectives)
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROSCIENCE: Is More Neurogenesis Always Better?

Helen E. Scharfman and Rene Hen
Science 19 January 2007: 336-338.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GEOCHEMISTRY: Fuel for Plate Tectonics

Nathalie Bolfan-Casanova
Science 19 January 2007: 338-339.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROSCIENCE: A Push-Me Pull-You Neural Design

William B. Kristan
Science 19 January 2007: 339-340.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ECOLOGY: Managing Farming's Footprint on Biodiversity

Tim G. Benton
Science 19 January 2007: 341-342.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS SCIENCE: Ordering Up the Minimum Thermal Conductivity of Solids

K. E. Goodson
Science 19 January 2007: 342-343.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

Enabling Europe to Innovate

Andrew Dearing
Science 19 January 2007: 344-347.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Brilliant Whiteness in Ultrathin Beetle Scales

Pete Vukusic, Benny Hallam, and Joe Noyes
Science 19 January 2007: 348.
Although only 5 micrometers thick, the scales of a beetle appear brilliantly white because they contain a sparse, random network of cuticular filaments that efficiently scatter light. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Electric Field-Induced Modification of Magnetism in Thin-Film Ferromagnets

Martin Weisheit, Sebastian Fähler, Alain Marty, Yves Souche, Christiane Poinsignon, and Dominique Givord
Science 19 January 2007: 349-351.
A weak applied electric field can reversibly modulate the magnetic properties of a thin iron-palladium film immersed in an electrolyte. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Disordered, Layered WSe₂ Crystals

Catalin Chiritescu, David G. Cahill, Ngoc Nguyen, David Johnson, Arun Bodapati, Pawel Keblinski, and Paul Zschack
Science 19 January 2007: 351-353.
Published online 14 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136494] (in Science Express Reports)
Randomly stacking the layers in tungsten selenide produces a dense solid having a remarkably low thermal conductivity at room temperature that is only twice that of air. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Organic Glasses with Exceptional Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability

Stephen F. Swallen, Kenneth L. Kearns, Marie K. Mapes, Yong Seol Kim, Robert J. McMahon, M. D. Ediger, Tian Wu, Lian Yu, and Sushil Satija
Science 19 January 2007: 353-356.
Published online 7 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135795] (in Science Express Reports)
Organic molecules can form stable glasses when deposited from a vapor onto a substrate cooled only 50 kelvin below their usual glass transition temperature. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Unexpected Stability of Al₄H₆: A Borane Analog?

X. Li, A. Grubisic, S. T. Stokes, J. Cordes, G. F. Ganteför, K. H. Bowen, B. Kiran, M. Willis, P. Jena, R. Burgert, and H. Schnöckel
Science 19 January 2007: 356-358.
A pulsed arc discharge yields stable aluminum-hydride clusters, a new compound which has a high heat of combustion and in bulk could potentially be used for hydrogen storage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Divalent Metal Nanoparticles

Gretchen A. DeVries, Markus Brunnbauer, Ying Hu, Alicia M. Jackson, Brenda Long, Brian T. Neltner, Oktay Uzun, Benjamin H. Wunsch, and Francesco Stellacci
Science 19 January 2007: 358-361.
Different molecules can be placed at opposite positions in the molecular coating of metal nanoparticles to form chemical handles, allowing assembly of the particles into chains or films. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Global-Scale Similarities in Nitrogen Release Patterns During Long-Term Decomposition

William Parton, Whendee L. Silver, Ingrid C. Burke, Leo Grassens, Mark E. Harmon, William S. Currie, Jennifer Y. King, E. Carol Adair, Leslie A. Brandt, Stephen C. Hart, and Becky Fasth
Science 19 January 2007: 361-364.
Experiments in 21 sites from seven biomes show that nitrogen release by litter decomposition depends mostly on nitrogen concentration rather than on climate variables. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Water Solubility in Aluminous Orthopyroxene and the Origin of Earth's Asthenosphere

Katrin Mierdel, Hans Keppler, Joseph R. Smyth, and Falko Langenhorst
Science 19 January 2007: 364-368.
Experiments show that the solubility of water in mantle minerals reaches a minimum at depths of 150 to 200 kilometers; the free water there may explain the melting and low seismic velocities. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Semi-Empirical Approach to Projecting Future Sea-Level Rise

Stefan Rahmstorf
Science 19 January 2007: 368-370.
Published online 14 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135456] (in Science Express Reports)
Relating the observed sea-level rise and global air-temperature increases over the 20th century predicts that sea levels may rise by 0.5 to 1.4 meters by 2100. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nonequilibrium Mechanics of Active Cytoskeletal Networks

Daisuke Mizuno, Catherine Tardin, C. F. Schmidt, and F. C. MacKintosh
Science 19 January 2007: 370-373.
When the motor protein myosin is added to a gel-like network of cross-linked actin filaments similar to that in cells, the network stiffness increases nearly 100-fold and can then be modified by ATP. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Inward-Facing Conformation of a Putative Metal-Chelate-Type ABC Transporter

H. W. Pinkett, A. T. Lee, P. Lum, K. P. Locher, and D. C. Rees
Science 19 January 2007: 373-377.
Published online 7 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1133488] (in Science Express Reports)
A pump moves molecules out of cells by coupled changes in the nucleotide-binding domain and membrane-spanning helices, which switch the accessibility of the central cavity from outside to inside. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Antibody Class Switching Mediated by Yeast Endonuclease-Generated DNA Breaks

Ali A. Zarrin, Catherine Del Vecchio, Eva Tseng, Megan Gleason, Payam Zarin, Ming Tian, and Frederick W. Alt
Science 19 January 2007: 377-381.
Published online 14 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136386] (in Science Express Reports)
Factors required for the DNA rearrangement that generates antibody classes can be replaced by yeast cleavage-site sequences, pointing to a general DNA repair system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Farmland Biodiversity and the Footprint of Agriculture

S. J. Butler, J. A. Vickery, and K. Norris
Science 19 January 2007: 381-384.
A protocol for assessing how agricultural intensification affects bird habitat and diet predicts bird population status and may be generally useful for conservation planning. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Control of Drosophila Gastrulation by Apical Localization of Adherens Junctions and RhoGEF2

Verena Kölsch, Thomas Seher, Gregorio J. Fernandez-Ballester, Luis Serrano, and Maria Leptin
Science 19 January 2007: 384-386.
Furrow formation is initiated during gastrulation when a protein in the outer membrane of epithelial cells binds a cytoskeletal modulator, constricting the outer part of the cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

High-Throughput Identification of Catalytic Redox-Active Cysteine Residues

Dmitri E. Fomenko, Weibing Xing, Blakely M. Adair, David J. Thomas, and Vadim N. Gladyshev
Science 19 January 2007: 387-389.
Screening of genome databases for bound cysteine-selenocysteine pairs has identified known proteins with redox-active cysteines and predicts previously unknown ones. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Balanced Inhibition and Excitation Drive Spike Activity in Spinal Half-Centers

Rune W. Berg, Aidas Alaburda, and Jørn Hounsgaard
Science 19 January 2007: 390-393.
The neural circuit for scratching in turtles unexpectedly shows periodic waves of simultaneous excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity, rather than the anticipated alternating oscillations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Wandering Minds: The Default Network and Stimulus-Independent Thought

Malia F. Mason, Michael I. Norton, John D. Van Horn, Daniel M. Wegner, Scott T. Grafton, and C. Neil Macrae
Science 19 January 2007: 393-395.
When the human brain is not engaged by outside stimulation, an active network of cortical areas apparently subserves mind-wandering. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "The Geometry of Musical Chords"

Dave Headlam and Matthew Brown
Science 19 January 2007: 330.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Response to Comment on "The Geometry of Musical Chords"

Dmitri Tymoczko
Science 19 January 2007: 330.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|