This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 12 January 2007: 158.
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Editorial:
Outreach Training Needed

Alan I. Leshner
Science 12 January 2007: 161.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 12 January 2007: 162.
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Science Podcast

Science 12 January 2007: 257.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 12 January 2007: 257.
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News of the Week

STEM CELLS: Versatile Stem Cells Without the Ethical Baggage?

Constance Holden
Science 12 January 2007: 170.
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ENERGY: Consortium Wins Big Drilling Technology Contract

Eli Kintisch
Science 12 January 2007: 171.
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U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY: Head of Weapons Program Fired

Eli Kintisch
Science 12 January 2007: 171.
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CHEMISTRY: Platinum in Fuel Cells Gets a Helping Hand

Robert F. Service
Science 12 January 2007: 172.
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HUMAN GENETICS: In Asians and Whites, Gene Expression Varies by Race

Jennifer Couzin
Science 12 January 2007: 173-174.
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NUCLEAR WASTE: With Plutonium, Even Ceramics May Slump

Valerie Brown
Science 12 January 2007: 174.
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OCEAN POLICY: Panel Urges Environmental Controls on Offshore Aquaculture

Erik Stokstad
Science 12 January 2007: 175.
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ScienceScope

Science 12 January 2007: 173.
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Random Samples

Science 12 January 2007: 167.
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Newsmakers

Science 12 January 2007: 169.
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News Focus

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Agent Orange's Bitter Harvest

Richard Stone
Science 12 January 2007: 176-179.
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NEUROBIOLOGY: Fruit Fly Fight Club

Greg Miller
Science 12 January 2007: 180-182.
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AGBIOTECH: GM Technology Develops in the Developing World

Gunjan Sinha
Science 12 January 2007: 182-183.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 12 January 2007: 184.
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 PTSD and Vietnam Veterans

Eric Vermetten, James D. Bremner, Leigh Skelton, David Spiegel;, Dean G. Kilpatrick;, Todd C. Buckley;, B. Christopher Frueh;, Richard J. Mcnally;, Bruce P. Dohrenwend, J. Blake Turner, Nicholas A. Turse, Ben G. Adams, Karestan C. Koenen, and Randall Marshall
Science 12 January 2007: 184-187.
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 Disbelievers in Evolution

Allan Mazur
Science 12 January 2007: 187.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 12 January 2007: 187.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Scientia Sinesis

Thomas S. Mullaney
Science 12 January 2007: 188-189.
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SOCIOLOGY: Bringing Down the House to Add a (Nice) Room

Saskia Sassen
Science 12 January 2007: 189.
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Books Received

Science 12 January 2007: 189.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND LAW: The Obvious War

Michael R. Samardzija
Science 12 January 2007: 190-191.
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Perspectives

ECOLOGY: Dipping into the Rare Biosphere

Carlos Pedrós-Alió
Science 12 January 2007: 192-193.
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ASTRONOMY: A Supernova Riddle

Douglas C. Leonard
Science 12 January 2007: 193-194.
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ANTHROPOLOGY: The Missing Years for Modern Humans

Ted Goebel
Science 12 January 2007: 194-196.
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PHYSICS: Electron Nematic Phase in a Transition Metal Oxide

Eduardo Fradkin, Steven A. Kivelson, and Vadim Oganesyan
Science 12 January 2007: 196-197.
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MICROBIOLOGY: A Proteomic Snapshot of Life at a Vent

Charles R. Fisher and Peter Girguis
Science 12 January 2007: 198-199.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Amplified Silencing

David C. Baulcombe
Science 12 January 2007: 199-200.
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Review

Proteasome-Independent Functions of Ubiquitin in Endocytosis and Signaling

Debdyuti Mukhopadhyay and Howard Riezman
Science 12 January 2007: 201-205.
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Brevia

Haploid Females in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia vitripennis

Leo W. Beukeboom, Albert Kamping, Marina Louter, Laas P. Pijnacker, Vaishali Katju, Patrick M. Ferree, and John H. Werren
Science 12 January 2007: 206.
Although males in most Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants, and certain flies) are haploid and produced from unfertilized eggs, haploid females are found in a parasitic wasp. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Draft Genome Sequence of the Sexually Transmitted Pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis

Jane M. Carlton, Robert P. Hirt, Joana C. Silva, Arthur L. Delcher, Michael Schatz, Qi Zhao, Jennifer R. Wortman, Shelby L. Bidwell, U. Cecilia M. Alsmark, Sébastien Besteiro, Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten, Christophe J. Noel, Joel B. Dacks, Peter G. Foster, Cedric Simillion, Yves Van de Peer, Diego Miranda-Saavedra, Geoffrey J. Barton, Gareth D. Westrop, Sylke Müller, Daniele Dessi, Pier Luigi Fiori, Qinghu Ren, Ian Paulsen, Hanbang Zhang, Felix D. Bastida-Corcuera, Augusto Simoes-Barbosa, Mark T. Brown, Richard D. Hayes, Mandira Mukherjee, Cheryl Y. Okumura, Rachel Schneider, Alias J. Smith, Stepanka Vanacova, Maria Villalvazo, Brian J. Haas, Mihaela Pertea, Tamara V. Feldblyum, Terry R. Utterback, Chung-Li Shu, Kazutoyo Osoegawa, Pieter J. de Jong, Ivan Hrdy, Lenka Horvathova, Zuzana Zubacova, Pavel Dolezal, Shehre-Banoo Malik, John M. Logsdon, Jr., Katrin Henze, Arti Gupta, Ching C. Wang, Rebecca L. Dunne, Jacqueline A. Upcroft, Peter Upcroft, Owen White, Steven L. Salzberg, Petrus Tang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Ying-Shiung Lee, T. Martin Embley, Graham H. Coombs, Jeremy C. Mottram, Jan Tachezy, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, and Patricia J. Johnson
Science 12 January 2007: 207-212.
A common human parasite has an unusually large and repetitive genome that contains many genes originally from bacteria and viruses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Spectropolarimetric Diagnostics of Thermonuclear Supernova Explosions

Lifan Wang, Dietrich Baade, and Ferdinando Patat
Science 12 January 2007: 212-214.
Published online 30 November 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1121656] (in Science Express Reports)
A survey of supernovae shows that brighter ones have more spherical explosions, constraining the physics of burning and improving their use as standard candles. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Formation of a Nematic Fluid at High Fields in Sr₃Ru₂O₇

R. A. Borzi, S. A. Grigera, J. Farrell, R. S. Perry, S. J. S. Lister, S. L. Lee, D. A. Tennant, Y. Maeno, and A. P. Mackenzie
Science 12 January 2007: 214-217.
Published online 23 November 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1134796] (in Science Express Reports)
A pronounced anisotropy in resistance associated with a quantum phase transition in strontium ruthenate confirms predictions of a new state of matter--a nematic Fermi liquid. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Highly Siderophile Element Constraints on Accretion and Differentiation of the Earth-Moon System

James M. D. Day, D. Graham Pearson, and Lawrence A. Taylor
Science 12 January 2007: 217-219.
Iron-loving elements in the Moon's mantle are 5 percent as abundant as in Earth's mantle, implying that they were replenished less by accretion after the Moon's formation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Stabilization of Platinum Oxygen-Reduction Electrocatalysts Using Gold Clusters

J. Zhang, K. Sasaki, E. Sutter, and R. R. Adzic
Science 12 January 2007: 220-222.
Nanoscale gold clusters can inhibit degradation of platinum catalysts during oxygen reduction, potentially enhancing the efficiency of fuel cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Early Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and Implications for the Dispersal of Modern Humans

M. V. Anikovich, A. A. Sinitsyn, John F. Hoffecker, Vance T. Holliday, V. V. Popov, S. N. Lisitsyn, Steven L. Forman, G. M. Levkovskaya, G. A. Pospelova, I. E. Kuz'mina, N. D. Burova, Paul Goldberg, Richard I. Macphail, Biagio Giaccio, and N. D. Praslov
Science 12 January 2007: 223-226.
Dates from an archaeological site on the Don River, Russia, imply that modern humans occupied the central plain of eastern Europe by 45,000 years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Late Pleistocene Human Skull from Hofmeyr, South Africa, and Modern Human Origins

F. E. Grine, R. M. Bailey, K. Harvati, R. P. Nathan, A. G. Morris, G. M. Henderson, I. Ribot, and A. W. G. Pike
Science 12 January 2007: 226-229.
A skull from South Africa dates to about 35,000 years ago and may represent early modern humans that emigrated from sub-Saharan Africa to populate Europe and Asia. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Versus ß T Lymphocyte Differentiation by the Transcription Factor SOX13

Heather J. Melichar, Kavitha Narayan, Sandy D. Der, Yoshiki Hiraoka, Noemie Gardiol, Gregoire Jeannet, Werner Held, Cynthia A. Chambers, and Joonsoo Kang
Science 12 January 2007: 230-233.
A transcription factor controls the development of immune cells, supporting growth of one of the two major subsets of T cells while opposing differentiation of the other. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Systems Approach to Measuring the Binding Energy Landscapes of Transcription Factors

Sebastian J. Maerkl and Stephen R. Quake
Science 12 January 2007: 233-237.
A microfluidic method for measuring low-affinity molecular interactions characterizes transcription factor binding to DNA. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Large-Scale Deforestation Experiment: Effects of Patch Area and Isolation on Amazon Birds

Gonçalo Ferraz, James D. Nichols, James E. Hines, Philip C. Stouffer, Richard O. Bierregaard, Jr., and Thomas E. Lovejoy
Science 12 January 2007: 238-241.
As patches of Amazon forest get smaller, they support many fewer species of birds; as they get more isolated, bird species are differentially lost. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Distinct Populations of Primary and Secondary Effectors During RNAi in C. elegans

Julia Pak and Andrew Fire
Science 12 January 2007: 241-244.
Published online 23 November 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1132839] (in Science Express Reports)
In RNA-directed gene silencing in worms, an unanticipated class of small antisense RNAs is synthesized by cellular RNA-directed RNA polymerase. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Secondary siRNAs Result from Unprimed RNA Synthesis and Form a Distinct Class

Titia Sijen, Florian A. Steiner, Karen L. Thijssen, and Ronald H. A. Plasterk
Science 12 January 2007: 244-247.
Published online 7 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1136699] (in Science Express Reports)
In RNA-directed gene silencing in worms, an unanticipated class of small antisense RNAs is synthesized by cellular RNA-directed RNA polymerase. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Physiological Proteomics of the Uncultured Endosymbiont of Riftia pachyptila

Stephanie Markert, Cordelia Arndt, Horst Felbeck, Dörte Becher, Stefan M. Sievert, Michael Hügler, Dirk Albrecht, Julie Robidart, Shellie Bench, Robert A. Feldman, Michael Hecker, and Thomas Schweder
Science 12 January 2007: 247-250.
A proteomic survey of an endosymbiotic bacterium from a hydrothermal vent worm reveals its unusual sulfide oxidation and carbon fixation pathways. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An H-NS-like Stealth Protein Aids Horizontal DNA Transmission in Bacteria

Marie Doyle, Maria Fookes, Al Ivens, Michael W. Mangan, John Wain, and Charles J. Dorman
Science 12 January 2007: 251-252.
A bacterial gene facilitates horizontal transfer of plasmids to other bacteria by inhibiting the deleterious effects to the recipient's fitness that would otherwise occur. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Picobiliphytes: A Marine Picoplanktonic Algal Group with Unknown Affinities to Other Eukaryotes

Fabrice Not, Klaus Valentin, Khadidja Romari, Connie Lovejoy, Ramon Massana, Kerstin Töbe, Daniel Vaulot, and Linda K. Medlin
Science 12 January 2007: 253-255.
A tiny orange eukaryote has been discovered among the plankton of northern seas. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "A Common Genetic Variant Is Associated with Adult and Childhood Obesity"

Christian Dina, David Meyre, Chantal Samson, Jean Tichet, Michel Marre, Beatrice Jouret, Marie Aline Charles, Beverley Balkau, and Philippe Froguel
Science 12 January 2007: 187.
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Comment on "A Common Genetic Variant Is Associated with Adult and Childhood Obesity"

Ruth J. F. Loos, Inês Barroso, Stephen O'Rahilly, and Nicholas J. Wareham
Science 12 January 2007: 187.
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Comment on "A Common Genetic Variant Is Associated with Adult and Childhood Obesity"

Dieter Rosskopf, Alexa Bornhorst, Christian Rimmbach, Christian Schwahn, Alexander Kayser, Anne Krüger, Grietje Tessmann, Ingrid Geissler, Heyo K. Kroemer, and Henry Völzke
Science 12 January 2007: 187.
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Response to Comments on "A Common Genetic Variant Is Associated with Adult and Childhood Obesity"

Alan Herbert, Norman P. Gerry, Matthew B. McQueen, Iris M. Heid, Arne Pfeufer, Thomas Illig, H.-Erich Wichmann, Thomas Meitinger, David Hunter, Frank B. Hu, Graham Colditz, Anke Hinney, Johannes Hebebrand, Kerstin Koberwitz, Xiaofeng Zhu, Richard Cooper, Kristin Ardlie, Helen Lyon, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Nan M. Laird, Marc E. Lenburg, Christoph Lange, and Michael F. Christman
Science 12 January 2007: 187.
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