Particle Astrophysics

Catching Cosmic Clues

Joanne Baker
Science 5 January 2007: 55.
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News

Stalking Discovery From the Infinitesimal to the Infinite

Adrian Cho
Science 5 January 2007: 56-58.
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Perspectives

Quarks and the Cosmos

Michael S. Turner
Science 5 January 2007: 59-61.
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Particle Dark Matter in the Universe: At the Brink of Discovery?

Bernard Sadoulet
Science 5 January 2007: 61-63.
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Neutrino Astrophysics: A New Tool for Exploring the Universe

Eli Waxman
Science 5 January 2007: 63-65.
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Neutrino Astrophysics Experiments Beneath the Sea and Ice

Francis Halzen
Science 5 January 2007: 66-68.
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Cosmic Rays: The Highest-Energy Messengers

Angela V. Olinto
Science 5 January 2007: 68-70.
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The Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sky

Felix Aharonian
Science 5 January 2007: 70-72.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 5 January 2007: 14.
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Editorial:
A New Year

Donald Kennedy
Science 5 January 2007: 17.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 5 January 2007: 18.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 5 January 2007: 123.
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News of the Week

2007 U.S. BUDGET: NSF Braces for Opportunities Lost

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 5 January 2007: 24-25.
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ENDANGERED SPECIES: U.S. Weighs Protection for Polar Bears

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 5 January 2007: 25.
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SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT: Japan's Universities Take Action

Dennis Normile
Science 5 January 2007: 26.
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BIOMEDICAL POLICY: New Autism Law Focuses on Patients, Environment

Erik Stokstad
Science 5 January 2007: 27.
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BART GORDON PROFILE: New Chair of House Science Panel Takes Extreme Route to Moderation

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 5 January 2007: 28-29.
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ScienceScope

Science 5 January 2007: 27.
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Random Samples

Science 5 January 2007: 21.
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Newsmakers

Science 5 January 2007: 23.
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News Focus

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Indonesia Taps Village Wisdom to Fight Bird Flu

Dennis Normile
Science 5 January 2007: 30-33.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: Human Cases Create Challenges and Puzzles

Dennis Normile
Science 5 January 2007: 32.
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BIOMEDICINE: Puzzling Out the Pains in the Gut

Jean Marx
Science 5 January 2007: 33-35.
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FALL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION: Could Mother Nature Give the Warming Arctic a Reprieve?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 5 January 2007: 36.
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FALL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION: Weather Forecasting Way Out There

Richard A. Kerr
Science 5 January 2007: 36-37.
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FALL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION: Snapshots From the Meeting

Richard A. Kerr
Science 5 January 2007: 37.
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FALL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION: The Earthquake That Will Eat Tokyo

Richard A. Kerr
Science 5 January 2007: 37.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 5 January 2007: 39.
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 The Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization

Torsten Wiesel, Peter Agre, Kenneth J. Arrow, Michael Atiyah, Edouard Brézin, Faouzia Farida Charfi, Claude Cohen-Tanoudji, Abdallah Daar, Francois Jacob, Daniel Kahneman, Yuan Tseh Lee, Ida Nicolaisen, Sari Nusseibeh, Harald Reuter, Yoav Shoham, John Sulston, Michael Walzer, and Menahem Yaari
Science 5 January 2007: 39.
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 Another Nail in Which Coffin?

Albrecht W. Hofmann, Stanley R. Hart;, Naoto Hirano, Anthony A. P. Koppers;, and Marcia Mcnutt
Science 5 January 2007: 39-40.
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 Chemistry Nobel Rich in Structure

Michael Seringhaus and Mark Gerstein
Science 5 January 2007: 40-41.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 5 January 2007: 41.
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Books et al.

ANTHROPOLOGY: All Is Not Always Lost When the Center Does Not Hold

Kathleen D. Morrison
Science 5 January 2007: 42-43.
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Browsing

Science 5 January 2007: 43.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Alchemy and the Science of Matter

Pamela Smith
Science 5 January 2007: 43-44.
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Books Received

Science 5 January 2007: 44.
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Policy Forum

SUSTAINABILITY: Anchovy Fishery Threat to Patagonian Ecosystem

Elizabeth Skewgar, P. Dee Boersma, Graham Harris, and Guillermo Caille
Science 5 January 2007: 45.
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Perspectives

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Do Watson and Crick Motor from X to Z?

Carmen Sapienza
Science 5 January 2007: 46-47.
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PHYSICS: Negative Refractive Index at Optical Wavelengths

Costas M. Soukoulis, Stefan Linden, and Martin Wegener
Science 5 January 2007: 47-49.
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ECOLOGY: The Heartbreak of Adapting to Global Warming

Tobias Wang and Johannes Overgaard
Science 5 January 2007: 49-50.
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ATMOSPHERE: Aerosols Before Pollution

Meinrat O. Andreae
Science 5 January 2007: 50-51.
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PLANT SCIENCE: Nodules and Hormones

Giles E. D. Oldroyd
Science 5 January 2007: 52-53.
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ECOLOGY: Rangeland Ecology in a Changing World

Lindsey Gillson and M. Timm Hoffman
Science 5 January 2007: 53-54.
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Brevia

Cross-Species Identification of Mendel's I Locus

Ian Armstead, Iain Donnison, Sylvain Aubry, John Harper, Stefan Hörtensteiner, Caron James, Jan Mani, Matt Moffet, Helen Ougham, Luned Roberts, Ann Thomas, Norman Weeden, Howard Thomas, and Ian King
Science 5 January 2007: 73.
A homolog of the grass gene staygreen is responsible for one of the traits studied by Mendel in the pea and causes the autumnal loss of green color in monocots and dicots. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Atom Interferometer Measurement of the Newtonian Constant of Gravity

J. B. Fixler, G. T. Foster, J. M. McGuirk, and M. A. Kasevich
Science 5 January 2007: 74-77.
Interference of waves from two samples of cold cesium atoms changes in response to a nearby lead weight, providing an accurate measurement of the gravitational constant. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Conductance-Controlled Point Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Brett R. Goldsmith, John G. Coroneus, Vaikunth R. Khalap, Alexander A. Kane, Gregory A. Weiss, and Philip G. Collins
Science 5 January 2007: 77-81.
Electrochemically oxidizing single-walled carbon nanotubes drops their electrical conductivity; reduction recovers most of it. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Counting Low-Copy Number Proteins in a Single Cell

Bo Huang, Hongkai Wu, Devaki Bhaya, Arthur Grossman, Sebastien Granier, Brian K. Kobilka, and Richard N. Zare
Science 5 January 2007: 81-84.
A microfluidic device captures cells, lyses them, and separates their contents, allowing naturally fluorescent and labeled proteins in a single cell to be counted. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions

Mélanie Baroni, Mark H. Thiemens, Robert J. Delmas, and Joël Savarino
Science 5 January 2007: 84-87.
Sulfur isotopes at certain layers in Antarctic snow elucidate the photochemistry of volcanic gases injected into the stratosphere and provide a tracer for such eruptions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CO₂-Forced Climate and Vegetation Instability During Late Paleozoic Deglaciation

Isabel P. Montañez, Neil J. Tabor, Deb Niemeier, William A. DiMichele, Tracy D. Frank, Christopher R. Fielding, John L. Isbell, Lauren P. Birgenheier, and Michael C. Rygel
Science 5 January 2007: 87-91.
The covariance of atmospheric CO₂ levels, surface temperatures, and global ice volume indicates that greenhouse gases controlled climate about 300 million years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Late-Neoproterozoic Deep-Ocean Oxygenation and the Rise of Animal Life

Don E. Canfield, Simon W. Poulton, and Guy M. Narbonne
Science 5 January 2007: 92-95.
Published online 7 December 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1135013] (in Science Express Reports)
A record based on iron species in minerals implies that the deep ocean only became oxygenated after the last major Precambrian glaciation, just before the rise of metazoans. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Climate Change Affects Marine Fishes Through the Oxygen Limitation of Thermal Tolerance

Hans O. Pörtner and Rainer Knust
Science 5 January 2007: 95-97.
The eelpout needs more oxygen at higher temperatures, but because the warmed water in the North Sea carries less oxygen, the fish are becoming smaller and scarcer there. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Hexanucleotide Element Directs MicroRNA Nuclear Import

Hun-Way Hwang, Erik A. Wentzel, and Joshua T. Mendell
Science 5 January 2007: 97-100.
A six-nucleotide sequence near one end of a small noncoding RNA determines its location in the cell nucleus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Left-Right Dynein Motor Implicated in Selective Chromatid Segregation in Mouse Cells

Athanasios Armakolas and Amar J. S. Klar
Science 5 January 2007: 100-101.
A gene known to control left-right asymmetry during development also regulates whether a mouse chromosome segregates randomly during cell division. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Cytokinin Perception Mutant Colonized by Rhizobium in the Absence of Nodule Organogenesis

Jeremy D. Murray, Bogumil J. Karas, Shusei Sato, Satoshi Tabata, Lisa Amyot, and Krzysztof Szczyglowski
Science 5 January 2007: 101-104.
Published online 16 November 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1132514] (in Science Express Reports)
In the legume Lotus, symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria induce formation of the root nodules in which they reside by eliciting a growth response from the plant itself. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Gain-of-Function Mutation in a Cytokinin Receptor Triggers Spontaneous Root Nodule Organogenesis

Leïla Tirichine, Niels Sandal, Lene H. Madsen, Simona Radutoiu, Anita S. Albrektsen, Shusei Sato, Erika Asamizu, Satoshi Tabata, and Jens Stougaard
Science 5 January 2007: 104-107.
Published online 16 November 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1132397] (in Science Express Reports)
In the legume Lotus, symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria induce formation of the root nodules in which they reside by eliciting a growth response from the plant itself. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Differential Antigen Processing by Dendritic Cell Subsets in Vivo

Diana Dudziak, Alice O. Kamphorst, Gordon F. Heidkamp, Veit R. Buchholz, Christine Trumpfheller, Sayuri Yamazaki, Cheolho Cheong, Kang Liu, Han-Woong Lee, Chae Gyu Park, Ralph M. Steinman, and Michel C. Nussenzweig
Science 5 January 2007: 107-111.
Two different types of dendritic cells in the immune system present antigen in different ways to elicit distinct immune responses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Differential Transmission of Actin Motion Within Focal Adhesions

Ke Hu, Lin Ji, Kathryn T. Applegate, Gaudenz Danuser, and Clare M. Waterman-Storer
Science 5 January 2007: 111-115.
Adhesions on a cell membrane act as molecular clutches to transmit forces from the actin cytoskeleton within a cell to the extracellular substrate, directing cell movement. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Live-Cell Imaging of Enzyme-Substrate Interaction Reveals Spatial Regulation of PTP1B

Ivan A. Yudushkin, Andreas Schleifenbaum, Ali Kinkhabwala, Benjamin G. Neel, Carsten Schultz, and Philippe I. H. Bastiaens
Science 5 January 2007: 115-119.
Fluorescence imaging microscopy can distinguish enzyme molecules within a single cell that are actively involved in signaling versus ones that are being deactivated. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|