This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 13 October 2006: 220.
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Editorial:
Funding Basic Agricultural Research

William H. Danforth
Science 13 October 2006: 223.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 13 October 2006: 224.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 13 October 2006: 229.
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Gordon Research Conferences

Science 13 October 2006: 314-322.
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Science Podcast

Science 13 October 2006: 323.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 13 October 2006: 323.
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News of the Week

GENOMICS: On Your Mark. Get Set. Sequence!

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 13 October 2006: 232.
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NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION: North Korea's Bomb: Boom or Bust?

Richard Stone
Science 13 October 2006: 233.
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NOBEL PRIZE IN ECONOMICS: Laurels for Theories That Demystified Inflation, Unemployment, and Growth

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 13 October 2006: 235.
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NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY: Solo Winner Detailed Path From DNA to RNA

Robert F. Service
Science 13 October 2006: 236.
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BIOMEDICINE: NIH Funds a Dozen 'Homes' for Translational Research

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 13 October 2006: 237.
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STEM CELLS: California Stem-Cell Institute Unveils 10-Year Plan

Constance Holden
Science 13 October 2006: 237.
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ScienceScope

Science 13 October 2006: 235.
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Random Samples

Science 13 October 2006: 231.
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Newsmakers

Science 13 October 2006: 249.
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News Focus

FUSION REACTOR: ITER's $12 Billion Gamble

Daniel Clery
Science 13 October 2006: 238-242.
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FUSION REACTOR: How to Squeeze a Plasma

Daniel Clery
Science 13 October 2006: 239.
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BRIAN O'NEILL PROFILE: Trying to Lasso Climate Uncertainty

John Bohannon
Science 13 October 2006: 243-244.
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NEUROSCIENCE: Brain Evolution on the Far Side

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 13 October 2006: 244-245.
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PUBLIC HEALTH: Gerberding Defends Her Transformation of CDC

Jocelyn Kaiser and Jennifer Couzin
Science 13 October 2006: 246-247.
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PARTICLE PHYSICS: Tidy Triangle Dashes Hopes for Exotic Undiscovered Particles

Adrian Cho
Science 13 October 2006: 248.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 13 October 2006: 251.
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 Cooperating over Water Issues in the Middle East

Eric Pallant
Science 13 October 2006: 251.
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 What Happens to the Whistleblowers?

Rachel L. Ruhlen
Science 13 October 2006: 251-252.
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 A Problem with Mentoring

Maryjane Selgrade
Science 13 October 2006: 252-253.
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 Mice, Pain, and Empathy

Ernest Gwyn Jordan; and Jeffrey S. Mogil
Science 13 October 2006: 253.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 13 October 2006: 254.
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Books et al.

PLANETARY SCIENCE: How to Build Planets

Caleb A. Scharf
Science 13 October 2006: 255-256.
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ECOLOGY: Fighting Fire with Common Sense

Ted Steinberg
Science 13 October 2006: 256.
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Books Received

Science 13 October 2006: 256.
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Policy Forum

ECOLOGY: Enhanced: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Research Needs

Stephen R. Carpenter, Ruth DeFries, Thomas Dietz, Harold A. Mooney, Stephen Polasky, Walter V. Reid, and Robert J. Scholes
Science 13 October 2006: 257-258.
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Perspectives

GENETICS: The Bacterial World Gets Smaller

Siv G. E. Andersson
Science 13 October 2006: 259-260.
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APPLIED PHYSICS: Seeking the Ultimate Nanolaser

Susumu Noda
Science 13 October 2006: 260-261.
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CELL BIOLOGY: Balancing Life-or-Death Decisions

Jiri Bartek and Jiri Lukas
Science 13 October 2006: 261-262.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: How Fast Does Gold Trickle Out of Volcanoes?

Christoph A. Heinrich
Science 13 October 2006: 263-264.
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CHEMISTRY: Strong-Arming Molecular Dynamics

Herschel Rabitz
Science 13 October 2006: 264-265.
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CHEMISTRY: Quantum Chemistry of Complex Systems

David C. Clary
Science 13 October 2006: 265-266.
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Brevia

The 160-Kilobase Genome of the Bacterial Endosymbiont Carsonella

Atsushi Nakabachi, Atsushi Yamashita, Hidehiro Toh, Hajime Ishikawa, Helen E. Dunbar, Nancy A. Moran, and Masahira Hattori
Science 13 October 2006: 267.
Although densely packed with genes, the tiny genome of an insect symbiont lacks some genes for essential functions, suggesting that it may be evolving into an organelle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

The Consensus Coding Sequences of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers

Tobias Sjöblom, Siân Jones, Laura D. Wood, D. Williams Parsons, Jimmy Lin, Thomas D. Barber, Diana Mandelker, Rebecca J. Leary, Janine Ptak, Natalie Silliman, Steve Szabo, Phillip Buckhaults, Christopher Farrell, Paul Meeh, Sanford D. Markowitz, Joseph Willis, Dawn Dawson, James K. V. Willson, Adi F. Gazdar, James Hartigan, Leo Wu, Changsheng Liu, Giovanni Parmigiani, Ben Ho Park, Kurtis E. Bachman, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler, and Victor E. Velculescu
Science 13 October 2006: 268-274.
Published online 7 September 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Sequence analysis of >13,000 genes in breast and colorectal tumors shows that almost 200, a surprisingly large number, can be mutated, complicating any simple classification. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Self-Assembly of CdTe Nanocrystals into Free-Floating Sheets

Zhiyong Tang, Zhenli Zhang, Ying Wang, Sharon C. Glotzer, and Nicholas A. Kotov
Science 13 October 2006: 274-278.
Sheets of cadmium telluride particles can be assembled in a solvent without the usual constraint provided by a template or patterned surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dynamic Stark Control of Photochemical Processes

Benjamin J. Sussman, Dave Townsend, Misha Yu. Ivanov, and Albert Stolow
Science 13 October 2006: 278-281.
The induced electric field of a precisely timed infrared laser pulse can be used to adjust the energy landscape of a photochemical reaction and direct its outcome. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Coherent Dynamics of Coupled Electron and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond

L. Childress, M. V. Gurudev Dutt, J. M. Taylor, A. S. Zibrov, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup, P. R. Hemmer, and M. D. Lukin
Science 13 October 2006: 281-285.
Published online 14 September 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1131871] (in Science Express Reports)
Electron spins of a nitrogen vacancy in diamond are coupled to the nuclear spins of surrounding carbon atoms, allowing both to be manipulated for information processing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid Early Development of Circumarctic Peatlands and Atmospheric CH₄ and CO₂ Variations

Glen M. MacDonald, David W. Beilman, Konstantine V. Kremenetski, Yongwei Sheng, Laurence C. Smith, and Andrei A. Velichko
Science 13 October 2006: 285-288.
Expansion of northern peatlands beginning during the last deglaciation explains the early Holocene peak in atmospheric methane levels and slight drop in carbon dioxide levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Gold in Magmatic Hydrothermal Solutions and the Rapid Formation of a Giant Ore Deposit

Stuart F. Simmons and Kevin L. Brown
Science 13 October 2006: 288-291.
Fluids emanating from a magma beneath Papua New Guinea contain enough gold to demonstrate that one of the world's largest deposits was formed within only about 55,000 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Cellular and Subcellular Structure of Neoproterozoic Animal Embryos

James W. Hagadorn, Shuhai Xiao, Philip C. J. Donoghue, Stefan Bengtson, Neil J. Gostling, Maria Pawlowska, Elizabeth C. Raff, Rudolf A. Raff, F. Rudolf Turner, Yin Chongyu, Chuanming Zhou, Xunlai Yuan, Matthew B. McFeely, Marco Stampanoni, and Kenneth H. Nealson
Science 13 October 2006: 291-294.
X-ray imaging of the internal structures of Late Precambrian embryos implies that they were stem-group metazoans having already evolved sophisticated methods of differential cell division. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CDK2-Dependent Phosphorylation of FOXO1 as an Apoptotic Response to DNA Damage

Haojie Huang, Kevin M. Regan, Zhenkun Lou, Junjie Chen, and Donald J. Tindall
Science 13 October 2006: 294-297.
The death of cells with damaged DNA results in part from altered localization of a transcription factor, triggered by a cell cycle protein. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tissue Geometry Determines Sites of Mammary Branching Morphogenesis in Organotypic Cultures

Celeste M. Nelson, Martijn M. VanDuijn, Jamie L. Inman, Daniel A. Fletcher, and Mina J. Bissell
Science 13 October 2006: 298-300.
As the treelike mammary gland develops, branches form at geometrically defined positions where the concentration of inhibitory growth factors is minimal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tandem Riboswitch Architectures Exhibit Complex Gene Control Functions

Narasimhan Sudarsan, Ming C. Hammond, Kirsten F. Block, Rüdiger Welz, Jeffrey E. Barrick, Adam Roth, and Ronald R. Breaker
Science 13 October 2006: 300-304.
Multiple untranslated RNA sequences can occur in series upstream of genes to create complex genetic switches that are regulated by metabolites rather than proteins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Mutant Chaperone Converts a Wild-Type Protein into a Tumor-Specific Antigen

Andrea Schietinger, Mary Philip, Barbara A. Yoshida, Parastoo Azadi, Hui Liu, Stephen C. Meredith, and Hans Schreiber
Science 13 October 2006: 304-308.
A mutation alters the glycosylation pattern of a membrane protein, converting it to a tumor-specific antigen that could be a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis in Human UNC-93B Deficiency

Armanda Casrouge, Shen-Ying Zhang, Céline Eidenschenk, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Anne Puel, Kun Yang, Alexandre Alcais, Capucine Picard, Nora Mahfoufi, Nathalie Nicolas, Lazaro Lorenzo, Sabine Plancoulaine, Brigitte Sénéchal, Frédéric Geissmann, Koichi Tabeta, Kasper Hoebe, Xin Du, Richard L. Miller, Bénédicte Héron, Cyril Mignot, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Pierre Lebon, Olivier Dulac, Flore Rozenberg, Bruce Beutler, Marc Tardieu, Laurent Abel, and Jean-Laurent Casanova
Science 13 October 2006: 308-312.
Published online 14 September 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1128346] (in Science Express Reports)
Although multiple genes are generally thought to control an individual's resistance to infection, only one gene determines susceptibility to a herpesvirus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Small Microbial Genome: The End of a Long Symbiotic Relationship?

Vicente Pérez-Brocal, Rosario Gil, Silvia Ramos, Araceli Lamelas, Marina Postigo, José Manuel Michelena, Francisco J. Silva, Andrés Moya, and Amparo Latorre
Science 13 October 2006: 312-313.
An aphid symbiont with a small genome has lost most metabolic functions, suggesting that it may soon be subsumed by another, more competent symbiont. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|