This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 1 September 2006: 1197.
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Editorial:
Boosting S&T Innovation in Japan

Iwao Matsuda
Science 1 September 2006: 1201.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 1 September 2006: 1203.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 1 September 2006: 1211.
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Science Podcast

Science 1 September 2006: 1313.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 1 September 2006: 1313.
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News of the Week

PLUTO: Underworld Character Kicked Out of Planetary Family

Govert Schilling
Science 1 September 2006: 1214-1215.
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SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING: Particle Physicists Want to Expand Open Access

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 1 September 2006: 1215.
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GENETICS: Genomes Highlight Plant Pathogens' Powerful Arsenal

Erik Stokstad
Science 1 September 2006: 1217.
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EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: During a Hot Summer, Bluetongue Virus Invades Northern Europe

Martin Enserink
Science 1 September 2006: 1218-1219.
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COMPUTER SECURITY: DOE Tightens Monitoring of Lab Collaborators

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 1 September 2006: 1218.
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ACADEMIC CAREERS: USC Hires Prepackaged Team

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 1 September 2006: 1219.
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METEOROLOGY: A Hurricane's Punch Still Knocks Out Forecasters

Eli Kintisch
Science 1 September 2006: 1221.
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ScienceScope

Science 1 September 2006: 1217.
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Random Samples

Science 1 September 2006: 1213.
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Newsmakers

Science 1 September 2006: 1233.
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News Focus

SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT: Truth and Consequences

Jennifer Couzin
Science 1 September 2006: 1222-1226.
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PROFILE: THOMAS KAPLAN: From Making a Killing to Saving a Species

Diane Garcia and Erik Stokstad
Science 1 September 2006: 1226-1227.
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ECOLOGY: Plant Wannabes

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 1 September 2006: 1229.
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PLANT SCIENCE: Auxin Begins to Give Up Its Secrets

Gretchen Vogel
Science 1 September 2006: 1230-1231.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 1 September 2006: 1235.
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 Other Nations Catching Up to United States

Justin Rattner
Science 1 September 2006: 1235.
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 Why Academic Drug Discovery Makes Sense

Alan P. Kozikowski, Bryan Roth, and Alexander Tropsha
Science 1 September 2006: 1235-1236.
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 Propagation of Errors in Review Articles

Thomas J. Katz
Science 1 September 2006: 1236.
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 Role of Leucine in Regulating Food Intake

Alessandro Laviano, Michael M. Meguid, Akio Inui, Filippo Rossi-Fanelli;, Daniela Cota, Karine Proulx, Stephen C. Woods, and Randy J. Seeley
Science 1 September 2006: 1236-1238.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 1 September 2006: 1238.
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Books et al.

GEOSCIENCE: Heating Up the Hotspot Debates

Paul Tackley
Science 1 September 2006: 1240-1241.
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GEOSCIENCE: Charting Earth's Activities

Peter Crowley
Science 1 September 2006: 1241.
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Books Received

Science 1 September 2006: 1241.
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Policy Forum

ENERGY: Enhanced: A Road Map to U.S. Decarbonization

Reuel Shinnar and Francesco Citro
Science 1 September 2006: 1243-1244.
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Perspectives

MICROBIOLOGY: Malaria's Stealth Shuttle

Alan F. Cowman and Stefan H. I. Kappe
Science 1 September 2006: 1245-1246.
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CHEMISTRY: Controlling Biological Functions

Majed Chergui
Science 1 September 2006: 1246-1247.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: Step Dances on Silicon

Peter W. Voorhees
Science 1 September 2006: 1247-1249.
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CHEMISTRY: Fluorous to the Core

John A. Gladysz
Science 1 September 2006: 1249-1250.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: The Hawaiian-Emperor Bend: Older Than Expected

Joann M. Stock
Science 1 September 2006: 1250-1251.
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BEHAVIOR: The Power of Social Psychological Interventions

Timothy D. Wilson
Science 1 September 2006: 1251-1252.
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Brevia

Microarthropods Mediate Sperm Transfer in Mosses

Nils Cronberg, Rayna Natcheva, and Katarina Hedlund
Science 1 September 2006: 1255.
Mites and tiny insects that live in the soil can fertilize mosses, carrying the sperm from males to females. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Coherent Control of Retinal Isomerization in Bacteriorhodopsin

Valentyn I. Prokhorenko, Andrea M. Nagy, Stephen A. Waschuk, Leonid S. Brown, Robert R. Birge, and R. J. Dwayne Miller
Science 1 September 2006: 1257-1261.
Shaping of an ultrashort laser pulse creates quantum mechanical interferences that can enhance or inhibit the photoisomerization efficiency by up to 20 percent. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Phytophthora Genome Sequences Uncover Evolutionary Origins and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis

Brett M. Tyler, Sucheta Tripathy, Xuemin Zhang, Paramvir Dehal, Rays H. Y. Jiang, Andrea Aerts, Felipe D. Arredondo, Laura Baxter, Douda Bensasson, Jim L. Beynon, Jarrod Chapman, Cynthia M. B. Damasceno, Anne E. Dorrance, Daolong Dou, Allan W. Dickerman, Inna L. Dubchak, Matteo Garbelotto, Mark Gijzen, Stuart G. Gordon, Francine Govers, Niklaus J. Grunwald, Wayne Huang, Kelly L. Ivors, Richard W. Jones, Sophien Kamoun, Konstantinos Krampis, Kurt H. Lamour, Mi-Kyung Lee, W. Hayes McDonald, Mónica Medina, Harold J. G. Meijer, Eric K. Nordberg, Donald J. Maclean, Manuel D. Ospina-Giraldo, Paul F. Morris, Vipaporn Phuntumart, Nicholas H. Putnam, Sam Rash, Jocelyn K. C. Rose, Yasuko Sakihama, Asaf A. Salamov, Alon Savidor, Chantel F. Scheuring, Brian M. Smith, Bruno W. S. Sobral, Astrid Terry, Trudy A. Torto-Alalibo, Joe Win, Zhanyou Xu, Hongbin Zhang, Igor V. Grigoriev, Daniel S. Rokhsar, and Jeffrey L. Boore
Science 1 September 2006: 1261-1266.
The enigmatic parasite that causes sudden oak death carries the genetic signature of an ancestral photosynthetic symbiont that suggests a recent expansion of pathogenic protein families. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Anomalous Spiral Motion of Steps Near Dislocations on Silicon Surfaces

J. B. Hannon, V. B. Shenoy, and K. W. Schwarz
Science 1 September 2006: 1266-1269.
The geometry of one particular surface of a silicon crystal creates a nonuniform strain field that leads to complex growth from step edges that is not predicted by a standard model. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of -VOPO₄ in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

Marco Conte, Gerolamo Budroni, Jonathan K. Bartley, Stuart H. Taylor, Albert F. Carley, Andi Schmidt, Damien M. Murphy, Frank Girgsdies, Thorsten Ressler, Robert Schlögl, and Graham J. Hutchings
Science 1 September 2006: 1270-1273.
At high temperature, reactants rapidly transform vanadium phosphate catalysts, which yield precursors to resins and lubricants, from one phase to another. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Fluorous Nanodroplets Structurally Confined in an Organopalladium Sphere

Sota Sato, Junya Iida, Kosuke Suzuki, Masaki Kawano, Tomoji Ozeki, and Makoto Fujita
Science 1 September 2006: 1273-1276.
Bridging ligands bearing perfluoroalkyl chains self-assemble in a solution with palladium ions to form shells that capture a few disordered molecules of a fluorinated solvent. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Triple-Bond Reactivity of Diphosphorus Molecules

Nicholas A. Piro, Joshua S. Figueroa, Jessica T. McKellar, and Christopher C. Cummins
Science 1 September 2006: 1276-1279.
A niobium precursor previously synthesized only at about 900°C yields diatomic phosphorus at low temperatures, allowing chemistry on its reactive triple bond. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Discovery of a Young Planetary-Mass Binary

Ray Jayawardhana and Valentin D. Ivanov
Science 1 September 2006: 1279-1281.
Published online 3 August 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1132128] (in Science Express Reports)
Two young brown dwarfs, one with a mass 14 times that of Jupiter and the other 7 times as massive, orbit each other, forming a binary system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

50-Ma Initiation of Hawaiian-Emperor Bend Records Major Change in Pacific Plate Motion

Warren D. Sharp and David A. Clague
Science 1 September 2006: 1281-1284.
Argon isotope ages for the Hawaiian Emperor chain of volcanoes imply that the Pacific plate changed speed and direction several million years earlier than had been thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Corridors Increase Plant Species Richness at Large Scales

Ellen I. Damschen, Nick M. Haddad, John L. Orrock, Joshua J. Tewksbury, and Douglas J. Levey
Science 1 September 2006: 1284-1286.
Patches of pine forest connected by corridors retain more native plant species than isolated patches, reinforcing the utility of connective corridors in conservation efforts. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Manipulation of Host Hepatocytes by the Malaria Parasite for Delivery into Liver Sinusoids

Angelika Sturm, Rogerio Amino, Claudia van de Sand, Tommy Regen, Silke Retzlaff, Annika Rennenberg, Andreas Krueger, Jörg-Matthias Pollok, Robert Menard, and Volker T. Heussler
Science 1 September 2006: 1287-1290.
Published online 3 August 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1129720] (in Science Express Reports)
The malaria parasite moves from liver to blood by inducing liver cells to die and, in the process, to bud off parasite-containing vesicles that cannot be detected by the immune system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Exploiting the Reversibility of Natural Product Glycosyltransferase-Catalyzed Reactions

Changsheng Zhang, Byron R. Griffith, Qiang Fu, Christoph Albermann, Xun Fu, In-Kyoung Lee, Lingjun Li, and Jon S. Thorson
Science 1 September 2006: 1291-1294.
In addition to adding sugar residues, glycosyltransferases can also remove them, making these enzymes valuable for modifying natural products to make new drugs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structural Asymmetry of AcrB Trimer Suggests a Peristaltic Pump Mechanism

Markus A. Seeger, André Schiefner, Thomas Eicher, François Verrey, Kay Diederichs, and Klaas M. Pos
Science 1 September 2006: 1295-1298.
A drug efflux pump extrudes molecules such as bile salts, detergents, and antibiotics from cells through a constricted pore in a process that mimics peristalsis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CYK-4/GAP Provides a Localized Cue to Initiate Anteroposterior Polarity upon Fertilization

Noah Jenkins, Jennifer R. Saam, and Susan E. Mango
Science 1 September 2006: 1298-1301.
Published online 27 July 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1130291] (in Science Express Reports)
The polarity of the one-cell nematode embryo, which eventually establishes the anterior and posterior ends of the adult, arises from the local injection of a sperm factor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Mevalonate Pathway Controls Heart Formation in Drosophila by Isoprenylation of G1

Peng Yi, Zhe Han, Xiumin Li, and Eric N. Olson
Science 1 September 2006: 1301-1303.
Published online 20 July 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1127704] (in Science Express Reports)
A genetic screen for heart mutants reveals that the pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis functions in heart development. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Human Lineage–Specific Amplification, Selection, and Neuronal Expression of DUF1220 Domains

Magdalena C. Popesco, Erik J. MacLaren, Janet Hopkins, Laura Dumas, Michael Cox, Lynne Meltesen, Loris McGavran, Gerald J. Wyckoff, and James M. Sikela
Science 1 September 2006: 1304-1307.
A comparison of human and four great-ape genomes reveals that a class of neural genes appears to have been dramatically amplified in the human lineage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reducing the Racial Achievement Gap: A Social-Psychological Intervention

Geoffrey L. Cohen, Julio Garcia, Nancy Apfel, and Allison Master
Science 1 September 2006: 1307-1310.
A writing assignment that affirmed seventh-grade students’ positive self-image reduced the subsequent difference in grades between African and European Americans. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Role for the Macaque Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Social Valuation

P. H. Rudebeck, M. J. Buckley, M. E. Walton, and M. F. S. Rushworth
Science 1 September 2006: 1310-1312.
Monkeys rely on the anterior cingulate cortex in processing socially potent information, such as another monkey staring at them. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "A Well-Preserved Archaeopteryx Specimen with Theropod Features"

Ian J. Corfe and Richard J. Butler
Science 1 September 2006: 1238.
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Response to Comment on "A Well-Preserved Archaeopteryx Specimen with Theropod Features"

Gerald Mayr and D. Stefan Peters
Science 1 September 2006: 1238.
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