This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 18 August 2006: 888.
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Editorial:
The Road to Balanced Oversight

Ruth Faden
Science 18 August 2006: 891.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 18 August 2006: 892.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 18 August 2006: 895.
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Science Podcast

Science 18 August 2006: 983.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 18 August 2006: 983.
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News of the Week

U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: Congress Quietly Tries to Craft Bill To Maintain U.S. Lead in Science

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 18 August 2006: 898-899.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA: Panel Confirms Report of Early H5N1 Human Case in China

Dennis Normile
Science 18 August 2006: 899.
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ASTRONOMY: Judge Slaps Hawaii Over Mauna Kea Telescopes

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 18 August 2006: 900.
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SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES: U.S. Loosens Policy on Ties to UNESCO

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 18 August 2006: 900.
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CLINICAL RESEARCH: Lessons From a Failed Drug Trial

Eliot Marshall
Science 18 August 2006: 901.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: New 'Supercapacitor' Promises to Pack More Electrical Punch

Robert F. Service
Science 18 August 2006: 902.
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ASTRONOMY: Nearby Cluster Shows Extremes of Stardom

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 18 August 2006: 903.
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ScienceScope

Science 18 August 2006: 901.
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Random Samples

Science 18 August 2006: 897.
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Newsmakers

Science 18 August 2006: 913.
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News Focus

MEDICINE: Desperate Measures

Jennifer Couzin
Science 18 August 2006: 904-907.
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MENTAL HEALTH: Widening the Attack on Combat-Related Mental Health Problems

Greg Miller
Science 18 August 2006: 908-909.
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RADIO ASTRONOMY: Candidate Sites for World's Largest Telescope Face First Big Hurdle

Robert Koenig
Science 18 August 2006: 910-912.
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RADIO ASTRONOMY: From KAT to FAST, Telescope Project Sprouts Test Beds

Robert Koenig
Science 18 August 2006: 911.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 18 August 2006: 915.
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 Captive Breeding and a Threatened Gecko

Lukáš Kratochvíl;, Bryan L. Stuart, and L. Lee Grismer
Science 18 August 2006: 915.
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 Roles of CITES in Protecting New Species

Freek J. Vonk and Wolfgang Wüster
Science 18 August 2006: 915-916.
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 A Problem in Archaeology Too

Bernard W. Powell
Science 18 August 2006: 916.
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 Photosynthesis in Balance with Respiration?

Mary E. Clark;, Anthony W. King, Carla A. Gunderson, Wilfred M. Post, David J. Weston, and Stan D. Wullschleger
Science 18 August 2006: 917-918.
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Books et al.

NEUROSCIENCE: From Austria, Through Aplysia, Toward the Mind

Nancy C. Andreasen
Science 18 August 2006: 919-920.
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HUMAN EVOLUTION: Seeking the Base of Our Branch

David R. Begun
Science 18 August 2006: 920.
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Books Received

Science 18 August 2006: 920.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND LAW: Integrity in International Stem Cell Research Collaborations

Debra J. H. Mathews, Peter Donovan, John Harris, Robin Lovell-Badge, Julian Savulescu, and Ruth Faden
Science 18 August 2006: 921-922.
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Perspectives

PSYCHOLOGY: Psychiatric Casualties of War

Richard J. McNally
Science 18 August 2006: 923-924.
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EVOLUTION: Traversing the Adaptive Landscape in Snapdragons

Elena M. Kramer and Kathleen Donohue
Science 18 August 2006: 924-925.
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ASTRONOMY: Enhanced: A Journey Through Time

Joseph Silk
Science 18 August 2006: 925-926.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Is Global Warming Causing More, Larger Wildfires?

Steven W. Running
Science 18 August 2006: 927-928.
Published online 6 July 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1130370] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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NEUROSCIENCE: No More Cortical Neurons for You

Pasko Rakic
Science 18 August 2006: 928-929.
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CHEMISTRY: Dendrimers at Work

Brett Helms and E. W. Meijer
Science 18 August 2006: 929-930.
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Review

The First Stars in the Universe and Cosmic Reionization

Rennan Barkana
Science 18 August 2006: 931-934.
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Brevia

Pinwheels in the Quintuplet Cluster

Peter Tuthill, John Monnier, Angelle Tanner, Donald Figer, Andrea Ghez, and William Danchi
Science 18 August 2006: 935.
The five enigmatic stars in the Quintuplet Cluster in the center of the Milky Way are old, massive binaries with outflowing winds that appear as rotating pinwheels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Probing the Faintest Stars in a Globular Star Cluster

Harvey B. Richer, Jay Anderson, James Brewer, Saul Davis, Gregory G. Fahlman, Brad M. S. Hansen, Jarrod Hurley, Jasonjot S. Kalirai, Ivan R. King, David Reitzel, R. Michael Rich, Michael M. Shara, and Peter B. Stetson
Science 18 August 2006: 936-940.
Hubble telescope images of a globular star cluster show that the smallest star capable of burning hydrogen is about 0.08 solar masses, consistent with theoretical predictions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity

A. L. Westerling, H. G. Hidalgo, D. R. Cayan, and T. W. Swetnam
Science 18 August 2006: 940-943.
Published online 6 July 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1128834] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Climate change in the western United States has dramatically increased the number of large forest wildfires during the past 35 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Molecular Architecture of Axonemes Revealed by Cryoelectron Tomography

Daniela Nicastro, Cindi Schwartz, Jason Pierson, Richard Gaudette, Mary E. Porter, and J. Richard McIntosh
Science 18 August 2006: 944-948.
The internal structure of the flagellum reveals how its motor enzyme dynein regulates flagellar movement and thus cellular motility. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Electronically Induced Atom Motion in Engineered CoCu_n Nanostructures

Joseph A. Stroscio, Francesca Tavazza, Jason N. Crain, Robert J. Celotta, and Anne M. Chaka
Science 18 August 2006: 948-951.
Electrons from a scanning tunneling microscope can excite the Cu-Co bond at the end of a chain of copper atoms and cause the cobalt atom to flop rapidly between lattice sites. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Controlling the Electronic Structure of Bilayer Graphene

Taisuke Ohta, Aaron Bostwick, Thomas Seyller, Karsten Horn, and Eli Rotenberg
Science 18 August 2006: 951-954.
Doping one layer of a pair of graphene sheets with excess electrons allows the energy gap between the valence and conduction bands to be controlled, creating tiny switches. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Two-Dimensional Nematic Colloidal Crystals Self-Assembled by Topological Defects

Igor Musevic, Miha Skarabot, Uros Tkalec, Miha Ravnik, and Slobodan Zumer
Science 18 August 2006: 954-958.
Colloid particles positioned within ordered liquid crystals using laser tweezers will grow and self-assemble into specific two-dimensional structures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Switchable Surfactants

Yingxin Liu, Philip G. Jessop, Michael Cunningham, Charles A. Eckert, and Charles L. Liotta
Science 18 August 2006: 958-960.
Emulsions in water can be formed on demand by treatment of amidine compounds with CO₂ to form surfactants and reversed by exposure to nonpolar gases such as air or argon. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Homomolecular Porous Network at a Cu(111) Surface

Greg Pawin, Kin L. Wong, Ki-Young Kwon, and Ludwig Bartels
Science 18 August 2006: 961-962.
Competition between attractive hydrogen bonding and repulsive interactions causes anthraquinone to form a network with 50 angstrom pores on a copper (111) surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Evolutionary Paths Underlying Flower Color Variation in Antirrhinum

Annabel C. Whibley, Nicolas B. Langlade, Christophe Andalo, Andrew I. Hanna, Andrew Bangham, Christophe Thébaud, and Enrico Coen
Science 18 August 2006: 963-966.
The genetic differences underlying various color morphs of two snapdragon species can be identified and used to construct their likely evolutionary path. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Plant Genotypic Diversity Predicts Community Structure and Governs an Ecosystem Process

Gregory M. Crutsinger, Michael D. Collins, James A. Fordyce, Zachariah Gompert, Chris C. Nice, and Nathan J. Sanders
Science 18 August 2006: 966-968.
An increase in the genetic diversity of a dominant plant species in an ecosystem also increased arthropod diversity and net primary productivity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

p53-Mediated Inhibition of Angiogenesis Through Up-Regulation of a Collagen Prolyl Hydroxylase

Jose G. Teodoro, Albert E. Parker, Xiaochun Zhu, and Michael R. Green
Science 18 August 2006: 968-971.
A tumor suppressor protein inhibits tumor formation in part by stimulating the production of the body’s own inhibitors of the tumor’s blood supply. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mutations That Increase the Life Span of C. elegans Inhibit Tumor Growth

Julie M. Pinkston, Delia Garigan, Malene Hansen, and Cynthia Kenyon
Science 18 August 2006: 971-975.
A strain of worm that develops cancer as it ages is protected from tumor growth by mutations that extend its life span. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Graded Regulation of the Kv2.1 Potassium Channel by Variable Phosphorylation

Kang-Sik Park, Durga P. Mohapatra, Hiroaki Misonou, and James S. Trimmer
Science 18 August 2006: 976-979.
A proteomic method identifies which seven of the potential phosphorylaton sites are regulated in vivo by a phosphatase in a delayed rectifier potassium channel. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Psychological Risks of Vietnam for U.S. Veterans: A Revisit with New Data and Methods

Bruce P. Dohrenwend, J. Blake Turner, Nicholas A. Turse, Ben G. Adams, Karestan C. Koenen, and Randall Marshall
Science 18 August 2006: 979-982.
An extensive reanalysis of a previous study of the effects of the Vietnam War on its veterans provides a more reliable estimate of the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Computational Improvements Reveal Great Bacterial Diversity and High Metal Toxicity in Soil"

Igor Volkov, Jayanth R. Banavar, and Amos Maritan
Science 18 August 2006: 918.
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Response to Comment by Volkov et al. on "Computational Improvements Reveal Great Bacterial Diversity and High Metal Toxicity in Soil"

Jason Gans, Murray Wolinsky, and John Dunbar
Science 18 August 2006: 918.
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Comment on "Computational Improvements Reveal Great Bacterial Diversity and High Metal Toxicity in Soil"

John Bunge, Slava S. Epstein, and Daniel G. Peterson
Science 18 August 2006: 918.
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Response to Comment by Bunge et al. on "Computational Improvements Reveal Great Bacterial Diversity and High Metal Toxicity in Soil"

Jason Gans, Murray Wolinsky, and John Dunbar
Science 18 August 2006: 918.
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