This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 21 July 2006: 269.
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Editorial:
News on Women's Health

Donald Kennedy
Science 21 July 2006: 273.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 21 July 2006: 274.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 21 July 2006: 277.
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Science Podcast

Science 21 July 2006: 373.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 21 July 2006: 373.
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News of the Week

2007 U.S. BUDGET: Senate Panel Backs Integrated Ocean Observation System

Erik Stokstad
Science 21 July 2006: 280.
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2007 U.S. BUDGET: NASA Budget Soars as Shuttle Lands

Andrew Lawler
Science 21 July 2006: 280-281.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Groups Challenge Key Stem Cell Patents

Eli Kintisch
Science 21 July 2006: 281.
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HIV/AIDS: Gates Foundation Doubles Support for AIDS Vaccine Research

Jon Cohen
Science 21 July 2006: 283.
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WOMEN IN SCIENCE: MIT Hiring Controversy Sparks Faculty Fracas

Andrew Lawler
Science 21 July 2006: 284.
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BIOSECURITY: U.S. Panel Calls for Extra Review of Dual-Use Research

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 21 July 2006: 284.
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SCIENCE FACILITIES: NSF Reopens Competition for Site to Build Underground Lab

Adrian Cho
Science 21 July 2006: 285.
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ECOLOGY: Pollinator Diversity Declining in Europe

Erik Stokstad
Science 21 July 2006: 286.
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PARTICLE PHYSICS: Europe Draws Up Road Map, With Added CLICs

Michael Schirber
Science 21 July 2006: 286-287.
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ASTRONOMY: Result Rattles Dark-Matter Machismo

Tom Siegfried
Science 21 July 2006: 287.
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ScienceScope

Science 21 July 2006: 283.
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Random Samples

Science 21 July 2006: 279.
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Newsmakers

Science 21 July 2006: 295.
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News Focus

HUMAN RIGHTS: Grim Statistics

Robin Mejia
Science 21 July 2006: 288-290.
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HUMAN RIGHTS: From Accountability to Rebuilding

Robin Mejia
Science 21 July 2006: 289.
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PARTICLE PHYSICS: Neutrino Hunters Go Nuclear to Tackle Antimatter Deficit

Richard Stone
Science 21 July 2006: 291.
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SCIENCE IN IRAN: Picking a Path Among the Fatwas

John Bohannon
Science 21 July 2006: 292-293.
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ASTRONOMY: Twinkling Stars May Reveal Stuff of Early Solar System

Govert Schilling
Science 21 July 2006: 294.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 21 July 2006: 296.
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 How and When Was Wild Wheat Domesticated?

Simcha Lev-Yadun, Avi Gopher, Shahal Abbo;, Anat Hartmann, Mordechai E. Kislev, Ehud Weiss;, George Willcox, and Ken-ichi Tanno
Science 21 July 2006: 296-297.
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 Maintaining the Foundations of Science

Judsen Bruzgul
Science 21 July 2006: 297-298.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: The Camera Never Lies?

Donna C. Mehos
Science 21 July 2006: 299-300.
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 Browsing

Donna C. Mehos
Science 21 July 2006: 299.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: There's Still Plenty of Room at the Bottom

Michael W. Pitcher
Science 21 July 2006: 300.
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Books Received

Science 21 July 2006: 300.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT: Enhanced: Review for NCCAM Is Overdue

Donald M. Marcus and Arthur P. Grollman
Science 21 July 2006: 301-302.
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SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT: Enhanced: In Defense of NCCAM

Stephen E. Straus and Margaret A. Chesney
Science 21 July 2006: 303-304.
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Perspectives

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: A New RNA Dimension to Genome Control

Richard W. Carthew
Science 21 July 2006: 305-306.
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EVOLUTION: Darwin for All Seasons

Eörs Szathmáry
Science 21 July 2006: 306-307.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Considering Therapeutic Antibodies

Ellen S. Vitetta and Victor F. Ghetie
Science 21 July 2006: 308-309.
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CHEMISTRY: Selective Hydrocarbon Oxidation in Zeolites

Heinz Frei
Science 21 July 2006: 309-310.
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ASTRONOMY: Near-Field Cosmology

Joss Bland-Hawthorn and P. J. E. Peebles
Science 21 July 2006: 311-312.
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CHEMISTRY: A Golden Boost to an Old Reaction

Hans-Ulrich Blaser
Science 21 July 2006: 312-313.
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Review

Evolution of the Molecular Machines for Protein Import into Mitochondria

Pavel Dolezal, Vladimir Likic, Jan Tachezy, and Trevor Lithgow
Science 21 July 2006: 314-318.
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Brevia

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of Dislocations

J. S. Barnard, J. Sharp, J. R. Tong, and P. A. Midgley
Science 21 July 2006: 319.
Weak-beam transmission electron microscopy and tomographic reconstruction reveals, in three dimensions, atomic dislocations within materials at very high resolution. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

A Distinct Small RNA Pathway Silences Selfish Genetic Elements in the Germline

Vasily V. Vagin, Alla Sigova, Chengjian Li, Hervé Seitz, Vladimir Gvozdev, and Phillip D. Zamore
Science 21 July 2006: 320-324.
Published online 29 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1129333] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A third class of small RNAs, distinct from miRNAs and siRNAs, silences endogenous selfish genetic elements and repetitive sequences in animals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

-Synuclein Blocks ER-Golgi Traffic and Rab1 Rescues Neuron Loss in Parkinson's Models

Antony A. Cooper, Aaron D. Gitler, Anil Cashikar, Cole M. Haynes, Kathryn J. Hill, Bhupinder Bhullar, Kangning Liu, Kexiang Xu, Katherine E. Strathearn, Fang Liu, Songsong Cao, Kim A. Caldwell, Guy A. Caldwell, Gerald Marsischky, Richard D. Kolodner, Joshua LaBaer, Jean-Christophe Rochet, Nancy M. Bonini, and Susan Lindquist
Science 21 July 2006: 324-328.
Published online 22 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1129462] (in Science Express Research Articles)
An abnormal protein that causes a defect in membrane trafficking may account for some of the pathology of Parkinson’s disease. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Low-Frequency Spin Dynamics in a Canted Antiferromagnet

Norio Kumada, Koji Muraki, and Yoshiro Hirayama
Science 21 July 2006: 329-332.
Ordered fluctuations in electron spins in closely separated two-dimensional systems persist toward zero temperature, a hallmark of a canted antiferromagnetic phase. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds with Supported Gold Catalysts

Avelino Corma and Pedro Serna
Science 21 July 2006: 332-334.
Gold supported on titanium or iron oxides can reduce nitro groups to amines, important in many industrial reactions, but unlike other catalysts leave nearby olefin groups intact. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Dielectric Polymer with High Electric Energy Density and Fast Discharge Speed

Baojin Chu, Xin Zhou, Kailiang Ren, Bret Neese, Minren Lin, Qing Wang, F. Bauer, and Q. M. Zhang
Science 21 July 2006: 334-336.
Balancing a polymer between its polar and nonpolar structures greatly improves its ability to store and discharge electrical energy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cell-Directed Assembly of Lipid-Silica Nanostructures Providing Extended Cell Viability

Helen K. Baca, Carlee Ashley, Eric Carnes, Deanna Lopez, Jeb Flemming, Darren Dunphy, Seema Singh, Zhu Chen, Nanguo Liu, Hongyou Fan, Gabriel P. López, Susan M. Brozik, Margaret Werner-Washburne, and C. Jeffrey Brinker
Science 21 July 2006: 337-341.
A phospholipid surfactant can template silica gels to allow yeasts and bacteria to create stress-free networks that help them survive desiccation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mode Locking of Electron Spin Coherences in Singly Charged Quantum Dots

A. Greilich, D. R. Yakovlev, A. Shabaev, Al. L. Efros, I. A. Yugova, R. Oulton, V. Stavarache, D. Reuter, A. Wieck, and M. Bayer
Science 21 July 2006: 341-345.
A periodic train of light pulses can synchronize the spins of electrons in a series of quantum dots, maintaining their coherence for the microseconds needed for applications. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Large Wind Shift on the Great Plains During the Medieval Warm Period

Venkataramana Sridhar, David B. Loope, James B. Swinehart, Joseph A. Mason, Robert J. Oglesby, and Clinton M. Rowe
Science 21 July 2006: 345-347.
The prevailing winds that formed sand dunes during a sustained drought in the central Great Plains 800 to 1000 years ago blew from a different direction than the present one. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Receptor Activation Alters Inner Surface Potential During Phagocytosis

Tony Yeung, Mauricio Terebiznik, Liming Yu, John Silvius, Wasif M. Abidi, Mark Philips, Tim Levine, Andras Kapus, and Sergio Grinstein
Science 21 July 2006: 347-351.
As macrophages ingest material, changes in their phospholipids alter the charge on the membrane surface, releasing signaling molecules retained by electrostatic interactions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands

J. C. Biesmeijer, S. P. M. Roberts, M. Reemer, R. Ohlemüller, M. Edwards, T. Peeters, A. P. Schaffers, S. G. Potts, R. Kleukers, C. D. Thomas, J. Settele, and W. E. Kunin
Science 21 July 2006: 351-354.
In two European countries, losses of particular bee species are associated with declines in the plants they pollinate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crystal Structure of a Divalent Metal Ion Transporter CorA at 2.9 Angstrom Resolution

Said Eshaghi, Damian Niegowski, Andreas Kohl, Daniel Martinez Molina, Scott A. Lesley, and Pär Nordlund
Science 21 July 2006: 354-357.
A transporter for divalent metal ions has a long narrow pore with potential selectivity filters at both ends and two metal binding sites that probably regulate transport. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Nucleoprotein-RNA Complex

Todd J. Green, Xin Zhang, Gail W. Wertz, and Ming Luo
Science 21 July 2006: 357-360.
Published online 15 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1126953] (in Science Express Reports)
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Crystal Structure of the Rabies Virus Nucleoprotein-RNA Complex

Aurélie A. V. Albertini, Amy K. Wernimont, Tadeusz Muziol, Raimond B. G. Ravelli, Cedric R. Clapier, Guy Schoehn, Winfried Weissenhorn, and Rob W. H. Ruigrok
Science 21 July 2006: 360-363.
Published online 15 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1125280] (in Science Express Reports)
Two viruses sequester their RNA genome within nucleoprotein to protect it from the host immune response but can expose it for transcription and replication. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Characterization of the piRNA Complex from Rat Testes

Nelson C. Lau, Anita G. Seto, Jinkuk Kim, Satomi Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Toru Nakano, David P. Bartel, and Robert E. Kingston
Science 21 July 2006: 363-367.
Published online 15 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1130164] (in Science Express Reports)
A class of noncoding RNAs, about eight nucleotides longer than siRNA or miRNA, assembles into complexes that probably participate in gene silencing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Aneuploidy and Isochromosome Formation in Drug-Resistant Candida albicans

Anna Selmecki, Anja Forche, and Judith Berman
Science 21 July 2006: 367-370.
A fungal pathogen develops resistance to antifungal azole drugs by assembling an isochromosome consisting of extra copies of the left arm of chromosome 5. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genome of Rice Cluster I Archaea—the Key Methane Producers in the Rice Rhizosphere

Christoph Erkel, Michael Kube, Richard Reinhardt, and Werner Liesack
Science 21 July 2006: 370-372.
A methane-producing Archaea from rice fields can perform assimilatory sulfate reduction and is surprisingly tolerant of oxygen, explaining its ecological success. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Opposing Effects of Native and Exotic Herbivores on Plant Invasions"

Anthony Ricciardi and Jessica M. Ward
Science 21 July 2006: 298.
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Response to Comment on "Opposing Effects of Native and Exotic Herbivores on Plant Invasions"

John D. Parker, Deron E. Burkepile, and Mark E. Hay
Science 21 July 2006: 298.
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