This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 14 July 2006: 144.
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Editorial:
German Science Policy 2006

Angela Merkel
Science 14 July 2006: 147.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 14 July 2006: 148.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 14 July 2006: 151.
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Quarterly Author Index

Science 14 July 2006: 239.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 14 July 2006: 239.
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News of the Week

CANCER RESEARCH: Fake Data, but Could the Idea Still Be Right?

Jennifer Couzin
Science 14 July 2006: 154.
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STEM CELLS: Team Claims Success With Cow-Mouse Nuclear Transfer

Gretchen Vogel
Science 14 July 2006: 155-156.
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STEM CELLS: Ethical Oocytes: Available for a Price

Gretchen Vogel
Science 14 July 2006: 155.
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EVOLUTION: Competition Drives Big Beaks Out of Business

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 14 July 2006: 156.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: Long-Term Mars Exploration Under Threat, Panel Warns

Andrew Lawler
Science 14 July 2006: 157.
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PALEONTOLOGY: Vigorous Youth for Tyrannosaurs

Erik Stokstad
Science 14 July 2006: 158.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: Peeling Back One More Layer of Asteroid Mystery

Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 July 2006: 158-159.
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MICROBIOLOGY: Bacteria Help Grow Gold Nuggets From Dirt

Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 July 2006: 159.
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ScienceScope

Science 14 July 2006: 157.
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Random Samples

Science 14 July 2006: 153.
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Newsmakers

Science 14 July 2006: 167.
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News Focus

BIOMEDICINE: Selling the Stem Cell Dream

Martin Enserink
Science 14 July 2006: 160-163.
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NANOTECHNOLOGY: Pretty as You Please, Curling Films Turn Themselves Into Nanodevices

Adrian Cho
Science 14 July 2006: 164-165.
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SCIENCE EDUCATION: A Strategy That Works: Hook 'Em While They're Young

Jerry Guo
Science 14 July 2006: 166.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 14 July 2006: 169.
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 Difficulties for Foreign Scientists in Coming to the United States

Christopher F. D'Elia, Gaylen Bradley, and Roland Schmitt
Science 14 July 2006: 169.
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 Bridging the Divide or Deepening It?

Edgar Pick
Science 14 July 2006: 169-170.
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 Scientific Activity Should Have No Borders

Francisco Leon
Science 14 July 2006: 170.
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 Reexamining Fusion Power

Chauncey Starr, Robert L. Hirsch, Herman Dieckamp, Leonard J. Koch;, Robert Bourque;, Niek Lopes Cardozo, Alex Bradshaw, and Paul Vandenplas
Science 14 July 2006: 170-171.
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 Auxin Signaling in Plant Defense

Roseline Remans, Stijn Spaepen, and Jos Vanderleyden
Science 14 July 2006: 171.
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 Women Science Faculty at MIT

Robert J. Silbey
Science 14 July 2006: 171.
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 Clarifying Cancer Mortality Rates

Carolyn D. Runowicz
Science 14 July 2006: 171-172.
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Books et al.

ANTHROPOLOGY: From Foraging to Planting

Deborah M. Pearsall
Science 14 July 2006: 173-174.
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HUMAN EVOLUTION: Silverbacks and Their Satellites

Rebecca L. Cann
Science 14 July 2006: 174.
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Books Received

Science 14 July 2006: 174.
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Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH: Diabetes and Disease Surveillance

Amy L. Fairchild
Science 14 July 2006: 175-176.
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Perspectives

BIOCHEMISTRY: Viral Glycoproteins and an Evolutionary Conundrum

Alasdair C. Steven and Patricia G. Spear
Science 14 July 2006: 177-178.
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ASTRONOMY: The Supernova Origin of Interstellar Dust

Eli Dwek
Science 14 July 2006: 178-180.
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CELL BIOLOGY: Actin Discrimination

J. Chloë Bulinski
Science 14 July 2006: 180-181.
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APPLIED PHYSICS: Tunneling Across a Ferroelectric

Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and Hermann Kohlstedt
Science 14 July 2006: 181-183.
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SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: Calcium Entry Signals--Trickles and Torrents

Donald L. Gill, Maria A. Spassova, and Jonathan Soboloff
Science 14 July 2006: 183-184.
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PHYSICS: Controlling Friction

Robert W. Carpick
Science 14 July 2006: 184-185.
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Brevia

Electronic Control of Friction in Silicon pn Junctions

Jeong Young Park, D. F. Ogletree, P. A. Thiel, and M. Salmeron
Science 14 July 2006: 186.
Depletion or accumulation of charge unexpectedly modifies the friction between a silicon surface and the metal-coated tip of an atomic-force microscope. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Crystal Structure of the Low-pH Form of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein G

Stéphane Roche, Stéphane Bressanelli, Félix A. Rey, and Yves Gaudin
Science 14 July 2006: 187-191.
Glycoprotein G from an RNA virus shows a reversible conformational change upon fusion with the host cell and is homologous to glycoprotein gB from herpesvirus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Arginylation of ß-Actin Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

Marina Karakozova, Marina Kozak, Catherine C. L. Wong, Aaron O. Bailey, John R. Yates, III, Alexander Mogilner, Henry Zebroski, and Anna Kashina
Science 14 July 2006: 192-196.
Published online 22 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1129344] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Addition of an amino acid to actin modulates its properties, affecting (for example) its localization and the formation of lamellae in motile cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Massive-Star Supernovae as Major Dust Factories

Ben E. K. Sugerman, Barbara Ercolano, M. J. Barlow, A. G. G. M. Tielens, Geoffrey C. Clayton, Albert A. Zijlstra, Margaret Meixner, Angela Speck, Tim M. Gledhill, Nino Panagia, Martin Cohen, Karl D. Gordon, Martin Meyer, Joanna Fabbri, Janet. E. Bowey, Douglas L. Welch, Michael W. Regan, and Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr.
Science 14 July 2006: 196-200.
Published online 8 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1128131] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A 2003 supernova produced 10 times the dust seen after other such stellar explosions, implying that supernovae were dust factories in the early universe. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reports

Electric Fields at the Active Site of an Enzyme: Direct Comparison of Experiment with Theory

Ian T. Suydam, Christopher D. Snow, Vijay S. Pande, and Steven G. Boxer
Science 14 July 2006: 200-204.
The nitrile stretching frequency of an enzyme inhibitor reflects the effect of changes in the electric field of the enzyme’s active site, which can greatly influence reactivity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Negative Coulomb Drag in a One-Dimensional Wire

M. Yamamoto, M. Stopa, Y. Tokura, Y. Hirayama, and S. Tarucha
Science 14 July 2006: 204-207.
An electronic current in one nanowire produces a backward drag of electrons in a second one, providing evidence for the formation of an elusive one-dimensional Wigner crystal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Atomic-Scale Control of Friction by Actuation of Nanometer-Sized Contacts

Anisoara Socoliuc, Enrico Gnecco, Sabine Maier, Oliver Pfeiffer, Alexis Baratoff, Roland Bennewitz, and Ernst Meyer
Science 14 July 2006: 207-210.
Friction between a sharp tip and a salt crystal was reduced when the tip was excited, a method that could decrease atomic stick-slip in nanoelectromechanical devices. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Dynamic Forces Between Two Deformable Oil Droplets in Water

Raymond R. Dagastine, Rogério Manica, Steven L. Carnie, D. Y. C. Chan, Geoffrey W. Stevens, and Franz Grieser
Science 14 July 2006: 210-213.
The behavior of emulsions depends on how individual droplets deform, how they interact, and how liquid drains between droplets, complicating models of these materials. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tyrannosaur Life Tables: An Example of Nonavian Dinosaur Population Biology

Gregory M. Erickson, Philip J. Currie, Brian D. Inouye, and Alice A. Winn
Science 14 July 2006: 213-217.
Construction of a life history curve for a group of tyrannosaurs implies that about 70 percent of the young dinosaurs survived to become adults. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crystal Structure of Glycoprotein B from Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Ekaterina E. Heldwein, Huan Lou, Florent C. Bender, Gary H. Cohen, Roselyn J. Eisenberg, and Stephen C. Harrison
Science 14 July 2006: 217-220.
Glycoprotein B from herpesvirus, a conserved component of the cell entry apparatus, has features of fusion proteins and is homologous to protein G from vesicular stomatitis virus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Bacterial Virulence Protein Suppresses Host Innate Immunity to Cause Plant Disease

Kinya Nomura, Sruti DebRoy, Yong Hoon Lee, Nathan Pumplin, Jonathan Jones, and Sheng Yang He
Science 14 July 2006: 220-223.
A bacterial plant pathogen co-opts the target cell’s own proteasome to degrade a defensive immunity protein used by the plant. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evolution of Character Displacement in Darwin's Finches

Peter R. Grant and B. Rosemary Grant
Science 14 July 2006: 224-226.
Beak size in a finch Geospiza fortis on one Galápagos island diverged from that of a competitor (G. magnirostris) two decades after the latter’s arrival. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Teaching in Wild Meerkats

Alex Thornton and Katherine McAuliffe
Science 14 July 2006: 227-229.
Adult wild meerkats train younger meerkats to kill prey by opportunity teaching, in which they provide pupils with the chance to practice skills in an interactive process. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ca²⁺ Entry Through Plasma Membrane IP₃ Receptors

Olivier Dellis, Skarlatos G. Dedos, Stephen C. Tovey, Taufiq-Ur-Rahman, Stefan J. Dubel, and Colin W. Taylor
Science 14 July 2006: 229-233.
Just two copies of an ion-conducting receptor in the membrane of immune cells can apparently contribute significantly to calcium entry after antigen stimulation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Biomineralization of Gold: Biofilms on Bacterioform Gold

Frank Reith, Stephen L. Rogers, D. C. McPhail, and Daryl Webb
Science 14 July 2006: 233-236.
Bacteria that can cause precipitation of gold are found coating many secondary gold grains from Australian mines. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Selective Silencing of Foreign DNA with Low GC Content by the H-NS Protein in Salmonella

William Wiley Navarre, Steffen Porwollik, Yipeng Wang, Michael McClelland, Henry Rosen, Stephen J. Libby, and Ferric C. Fang
Science 14 July 2006: 236-238.
Published online 8 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1128794] (in Science Express Reports)
Bacteria can recognize and silence invading foreign DNA by virtue of its lower overall GC content. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Ongoing Adaptive Evolution of ASPM, a Brain Size Determinant in Homo sapiens" and "Microcephalin, a Gene Regulating Brain Size, Continues to Evolve Adaptively in Humans"

Mathias Currat, Laurent Excoffier, Wayne Maddison, Sarah P. Otto, Nicolas Ray, Michael C. Whitlock, and Sam Yeaman
Science 14 July 2006: 172.
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Response to Comment on "Ongoing Adaptive Evolution of ASPM, a Brain Size Determinant in Homo sapiens" and "Microcephalin, a Gene Regulating Brain Size, Continues to Evolve Adaptively in Humans"

Nitzan Mekel-Bobrov, Patrick D. Evans, Sandra L. Gilbert, Eric J. Vallender, Richard R. Hudson, and Bruce T. Lahn
Science 14 July 2006: 172.
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