This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 7 July 2006: 13.
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Editorial:
SAGE Lessons

George M. Martin and Don Kennedy
Science 7 July 2006: 17.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 7 July 2006: 19.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 7 July 2006: 23.
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Science Podcast

Science 7 July 2006: 112.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 7 July 2006: 112.
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News of the Week

STEM CELL RESEARCH: Senate Prepares to Vote at Last on a Trio of Stem Cell Bills

Constance Holden
Science 7 July 2006: 26-27.
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STEM CELL RESEARCH: International Standards Proposed for Stem Cell Work

Gretchen Vogel
Science 7 July 2006: 26.
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STEM CELL RESEARCH: Four Genes Confer Embryonic Potential

Gretchen Vogel
Science 7 July 2006: 27.
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BIOTERRORISM: BioShield Is Slow to Build U.S. Defenses Against Bioweapons

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 7 July 2006: 28-29.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: A Mixed Bag of U.K. Open-Access Plans

Eliot Marshall
Science 7 July 2006: 29-30.
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SCIENCE FOR PEACE: Across a Political Divide, Researchers Converge on Himalayan Plan

Pallava Bagla
Science 7 July 2006: 30-31.
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JAPAN: Top Chemist Accused of Funds Misuse

Dennis Normile
Science 7 July 2006: 31.
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ScienceScope

Science 7 July 2006: 29.
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Random Samples

Science 7 July 2006: 25.
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Newsmakers

Science 7 July 2006: 41.
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News Focus

SIMRON SINGH PROFILE: After the Tsunami: A Scientist's Dilemma

Richard Stone
Science 7 July 2006: 32-35.
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SIMRON SINGH PROFILE: Isolate or Engage? Indigenous Islanders Pose Challenge for India

Pallava Bagla
Science 7 July 2006: 34.
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MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY: Keeping the Bugs at Bay

Kevin Krajick
Science 7 July 2006: 36-38.
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ASTROPHYSICS: A Towering Physicist's Legacy Faces a Threatening Future

Robert Irion
Science 7 July 2006: 39-40.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 7 July 2006: 43.
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 Public Access Failure at PubMed

Michael Stebbins, Erica Davis, Lucas Royland, and Gartrell White
Science 7 July 2006: 43.
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 Connectivity in Marine Protected Areas

Michael N. Dawson, Richard K. Grosberg, Louis W. Botsford;, Robert S. Steneck, Robert K. Cowen, Claire B. Paris, and Ashwanth Srinivasan
Science 7 July 2006: 43-45.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Galileo, Scientific Entrepreneur

Paula E. Findlen
Science 7 July 2006: 46-47.
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EXHIBITS: HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Islamic Inventiveness

John Pickstone
Science 7 July 2006: 47.
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Books Received

Science 7 July 2006: 47.
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Policy Forum

BIODIVERSITY: Confronting Amphibian Declines and Extinctions

Joseph R. Mendelson, III, Karen R. Lips, Ronald W. Gagliardo, George B. Rabb, James P. Collins, James E. Diffendorfer, Peter Daszak, Roberto Ibáñez D., Kevin C. Zippel, Dwight P. Lawson, Kevin M. Wright, Simon N. Stuart, Claude Gascon, Hélio R. da Silva, Patricia A. Burrowes, Rafael L. Joglar, Enrique La Marca, Stefan Lötters, Louis H. du Preez, Ché Weldon, Alex Hyatt, José Vicente Rodriguez-Mahecha, Susan Hunt, Helen Robertson, Brad Lock, Christopher J. Raxworthy, Darrel R. Frost, Robert C. Lacy, Ross A. Alford, Jonathan A. Campbell, Gabriela Parra-Olea, Federico Bolaños, José Joaquin Calvo Domingo, Tim Halliday, James B. Murphy, Marvalee H. Wake, Luis A. Coloma, Sergius L. Kuzmin, Mark Stanley Price, Kim M. Howell, Michael Lau, Rohan Pethiyagoda, Michelle Boone, Michael J. Lannoo, Andrew R. Blaustein, Andy Dobson, Richard A. Griffiths, Martha L. Crump, David B. Wake, and Edmund D. Brodie Jr.
Science 7 July 2006: 48.
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Perspectives

MATHEMATICS: Enhanced: Exploring Musical Space

Julian Hook
Science 7 July 2006: 49-50.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Morphing into Shape

David L. Stern
Science 7 July 2006: 50-51.
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CHEMISTRY: From Electron Pump to Proton Channel

Kazushi Kinbara and Takuzo Aida
Science 7 July 2006: 51-52.
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CELL BIOLOGY: Stressed Cells Cope with Protein Overload

David Ron
Science 7 July 2006: 52-53.
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PLANT SCIENCE: Viruses Face a Double Defense by Plant Small RNAs

Peter M. Waterhouse and Adriana F. Fusaro
Science 7 July 2006: 54-55.
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CHEMISTRY: Self-Assembly in Action

Virgil Percec, Goran Ungar, and Mihai Peterca
Science 7 July 2006: 55-56.
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RETROSPECTIVE: R. Bruce Merrifield (1921-2006)

Richard A. Lerner
Science 7 July 2006: 57.
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Review

Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities

T. M. Brooks, R. A. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, J. Gerlach, M. Hoffmann, J. F. Lamoreux, C. G. Mittermeier, J. D. Pilgrim, and A. S. L. Rodrigues
Science 7 July 2006: 58-61.
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Brevia

Nuclear Gene Indicates Coat-Color Polymorphism in Mammoths

Holger Römpler, Nadin Rohland, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Eske Willerslev, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Gernot Rabeder, Jaume Bertranpetit, Torsten Schöneberg, and Michael Hofreiter
Science 7 July 2006: 62.
The sequence of the melanocortin receptor gene from mammoth DNA indicates the presence of two alleles, which may have specified light or dark hair coloration. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Hox Control of Organ Size by Regulation of Morphogen Production and Mobility

Michael A. Crickmore and Richard S. Mann
Science 7 July 2006: 63-68.
Published online 1 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1128650] (in Science Express Research Articles)
The small size of the Drosophila hindwing results from spatial restriction of the critical morphogen by binding proteins not expressed in the larger forewing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hierarchical Action and Inhibition of Plant Dicer-Like Proteins in Antiviral Defense

Angélique Deleris, Javier Gallego-Bartolome, Jinsong Bao, Kristin D. Kasschau, James C. Carrington, and Olivier Voinnet
Science 7 July 2006: 68-71.
Published online 1 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1128214] (in Science Express Research Articles)
RNA silencing blocks infection and long-distance transport of infecting viruses in Arabidopsis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

The Geometry of Musical Chords

Dmitri Tymoczko
Science 7 July 2006: 72-74.
Chords can be mapped as points onto a many-fold surface, on which consonant chords cluster together, connected by melodic lines that reveal western harmony and counterpoint. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A High-Brightness Source of Narrowband, Identical-Photon Pairs

James K. Thompson, Jonathan Simon, Huanqian Loh, and Vladan Vuletic
Science 7 July 2006: 74-77.
A laser-cooled cloud of cesium atoms trapped in a cavity provides a large number of near-identical photon pairs needed for quantum-computing applications. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Surface Crystallization in a Liquid AuSi Alloy

Oleg G. Shpyrko, Reinhard Streitel, Venkatachalapathy S. K. Balagurusamy, Alexei Y. Grigoriev, Moshe Deutsch, Benjamin M. Ocko, Mati Meron, Binhua Lin, and Peter S. Pershan
Science 7 July 2006: 77-80.
The surface of a particular gold-silicon mixture heated above its melting point becomes crystalline even though the alloy forms only glassy solid phases at lower temperatures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Probing the Solvent-Assisted Nucleation Pathway in Chemical Self-Assembly

Pascal Jonkheijm, Paul van der Schoot, Albertus P. H. J. Schenning, and E. W. Meijer
Science 7 July 2006: 80-83.
Spectroscopy reveals that even-numbered carbon chains in a solvent help direct the self-assembly of phenylenevinylene oligomers into helical stacks. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Photoproduction of Proton Gradients with -Stacked Fluorophore Scaffolds in Lipid Bilayers

Sheshanath Bhosale, Adam L. Sisson, Pinaki Talukdar, Alexandre Fürstenberg, Natalie Banerji, Eric Vauthey, Guillaume Bollot, Jiri Mareda, Cornelia Röger, Frank Würthner, Naomi Sakai, and Stefan Matile
Science 7 July 2006: 84-86.
Visible light creates a transmembrane pH gradient and a pore by producing chares on opposite ends of fluorophores that span the membranes of lipid vesicles. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hydrogen Isotopes in Eocene River Gravels and Paleoelevation of the Sierra Nevada

Andreas Mulch, Stephan A. Graham, and C. Page Chamberlain
Science 7 July 2006: 87-89.
Hydrogen isotope data from clay minerals in ancient stream cobbles imply that the Sierra Nevada in California have been high mountains since about 50 million years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Antibiotic Stress Induces Genetic Transformability in the Human Pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae

Marc Prudhomme, Laetitia Attaiech, Guillaume Sanchez, Bernard Martin, and Jean-Pierre Claverys
Science 7 July 2006: 89-92.
In addition to selecting for resistance, antibiotic treatment of Streptococcus bacteria stimulates exchange of genetic material among individuals, further enhancing resistance and virulence. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Presymptomatic Detection of Prions in Blood

Paula Saá, Joaquín Castilla, and Claudio Soto
Science 7 July 2006: 92-94.
Infectious prions can be detected in the blood of infected hamsters before they exhibit any signs of illness. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Prion-Induced Amyloid Heart Disease with High Blood Infectivity in Transgenic Mice

Matthew J. Trifilo, Toshitaka Yajima, Yusu Gu, Nancy Dalton, Kirk L. Peterson, Richard E. Race, Kimberly Meade-White, John L. Portis, Eliezer Masliah, Kirk U. Knowlton, Bruce Chesebro, and Michael B. A. Oldstone
Science 7 July 2006: 94-97.
Transgenic mice with a soluble form of the prion protein develop heart disease and high blood levels after infection with the scrapie prion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Importance of Demographic Niches to Tree Diversity

Richard Condit, Peter Ashton, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin, H. S. Dattaraja, Stuart Davies, Shameema Esufali, Corneille Ewango, Robin Foster, I. A. U. N. Gunatilleke, C. V. S. Gunatilleke, Pamela Hall, Kyle E. Harms, Terese Hart, Consuelo Hernandez, Stephen Hubbell, Akira Itoh, Somboon Kiratiprayoon, James LaFrankie, Suzanne Loo de Lao, Jean-Remy Makana, Md. Nur Supardi Noor, Abdul Rahman Kassim, Sabrina Russo, Raman Sukumar, Cristián Samper, Hebbalalu S. Suresh, Sylvester Tan, Sean Thomas, Renato Valencia, Martha Vallejo, Gorky Villa, and Tommaso Zillio
Science 7 July 2006: 98-101.
Published online 8 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1124712] (in Science Express Reports)
Data from a vast long-term survey of tropical forests contradict the prevailing view that tree species richness results from variability in rates of recruitment and mortality. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Single Amino Acid Mutation Contributes to Adaptive Beach Mouse Color Pattern

Hopi E. Hoekstra, Rachel J. Hirschmann, Richard A. Bundey, Paul A. Insel, and Janet P. Crossland
Science 7 July 2006: 101-104.
An allele of the melanocortin receptor found in mice adapted for living on beach sand is responsible for their light fur. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Decay of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized mRNAs During the Unfolded Protein Response

Julie Hollien and Jonathan S. Weissman
Science 7 July 2006: 104-107.
When stressed, cells selectively degrade those messenger RNAs that encode secretory proteins, preventing overloading of the endoplasmic reticulum. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Polo-Like Kinase Cdc5 Controls the Local Activation of Rho1 to Promote Cytokinesis

Satoshi Yoshida, Keiko Kono, Drew M. Lowery, Sara Bartolini, Michael B. Yaffe, Yoshikazu Ohya, and David Pellman
Science 7 July 2006: 108-111.
Published online 8 June 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1126747] (in Science Express Reports)
In yeast, regulatory enzymes work together to activate actin in the contractile ring, causing it to constrict and separate daughter cells during cell division. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects" IV

Elizabeth Peacock and David L. Garshelis
Science 7 July 2006: 45.
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Response to Comment on "On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects"

Richard M. Sibly, Daniel Barker, Michael C. Denham, Jim Hone, and Mark Pagel
Science 7 July 2006: 45.
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