This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 9 June 2006: 1437.
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Editorial:
Mission Creep in the IRB World

C. K. Gunsalus, Edward M. Bruner, Nicholas C. Burbules, Leon Dash, Matthew Finkin, Joseph P. Goldberg, William T. Greenough, Gregory A. Miller, and Michael G. Pratt
Science 9 June 2006: 1441.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 9 June 2006: 1442.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 9 June 2006: 1447.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 9 June 2006: 1541.
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News of the Week

SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: Florida Law Bans Academics From Doing Research in Cuba

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 9 June 2006: 1450.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA: Wild Birds Only Partly to Blame in Spreading H5N1

Dennis Normile
Science 9 June 2006: 1451.
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CHEMISTRY: Ceramic Sponges That Sop Up Sulfur Could Boost Energy Technologies

Robert F. Service
Science 9 June 2006: 1453.
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GRADUATE TRAINING: Diversity Remains Elusive for Flagship NSF Program

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 9 June 2006: 1454.
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FRANCE: Twenty Years After Chornobyl, Legal Fallout Lingers

Martin Enserink
Science 9 June 2006: 1455.
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PALEOCLIMATOLOGY: Looking Way Back for the World's Climate Future

Richard A. Kerr
Science 9 June 2006: 1456-1457.
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RUSSIAN SCIENCE: Measuring the Hidden Cost of a Pay Raise

Andrey Allakhverdov and Vladimir Pokrovsky
Science 9 June 2006: 1456.
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PALEONTOLOGY: Ancient 'Reef' Stirs Debate Over Early Signs of Life in Australian Rocks

Erik Stokstad
Science 9 June 2006: 1457.
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ScienceScope

Science 9 June 2006: 1453.
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Random Samples

Science 9 June 2006: 1449.
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Newsmakers

Science 9 June 2006: 1469.
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News Focus

ARCHAEOLOGY: North Versus South, Mesopotamian Style

Andrew Lawler
Science 9 June 2006: 1458-1463.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Syria's Open Door: Will It Last?

Andrew Lawler
Science 9 June 2006: 1459.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: At Home on a No-Frills Tell

Andrew Lawler
Science 9 June 2006: 1460.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: A Rising Star in the Trenches

Andrew Lawler
Science 9 June 2006: 1462-1463.
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SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT: Scandals Shake Chinese Science

Hao Xin
Science 9 June 2006: 1464-1466.
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SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT: Crime Scene Investigation: How to Handle Misconduct

Eliot Marshall
Science 9 June 2006: 1465.
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GENETICS: DNA's Molecular Gymnastics

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 9 June 2006: 1467-1468.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 9 June 2006: 1470.
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 Don't Sell Social Science Short

Dennis S. Ojima, Diana H. Wall, John Moore, Kathy Galvin, N. T. Hobbs, William H. Hunt, Keith Paustian, David Swift, Randall B. Boone, Richard T. Conant, Julia Klein, Lindsey Christensen, Mahesh Sankaran, Jayashree Ratnam, Ed Ayres, Heidi Steltzer, Breana Simmons, and Gary Williams
Science 9 June 2006: 1470.
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 Photosynthetic Oxygen Production

Wolfgang Junge, Juergen Clausen;, James E. Penner-Hahn, Charles F. Yocum;, Holger Dau, and Michael Haumann
Science 9 June 2006: 1470-1472.
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 Making Choices Without Deliberating

Hilary L. Bekker;, Ap Dijksterhuis, Maarten W. Bos, Loran F. Nordgren, and Rick B. Van Baaren
Science 9 June 2006: 1472.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 9 June 2006: 1472.
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Books et al.

MATHEMATICS: A Faulty Survey of Algebra's Roots

Victor Katz
Science 9 June 2006: 1473-1474.
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 Browsing

Science 9 June 2006: 1474.
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Books Received

Science 9 June 2006: 1474.
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Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH: HIV Testing in China

Zunyou Wu, Xinhua Sun, Sheena G. Sullivan, and Roger Detels
Science 9 June 2006: 1475-1476.
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Perspectives

CLIMATE CHANGE: Evolutionary Response to Rapid Climate Change

William E. Bradshaw and Christina M. Holzapfel
Science 9 June 2006: 1477-1478.
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APPLIED PHYSICS: Toward Robots That Can Sense Texture by Touch

Richard Crowder
Science 9 June 2006: 1478-1479.
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ECOLOGY: Getting a Better Picture of the Ocean's Nitrogen Budget

Zbigniew S. Kolber
Science 9 June 2006: 1479-1480.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: Multiferroics as Quantum Electromagnets

Yoshinori Tokura
Science 9 June 2006: 1481-1482.
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PLANT SCIENCE: Enhanced: Microtubules Make Tracks for Cellulose

Clive Lloyd
Science 9 June 2006: 1482-1483.
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APPLIED PHYSICS: Can a Fraction of a Quantum Be Better Than a Whole One?

Colin M. Pegrum
Science 9 June 2006: 1483-1484.
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Review

The Pliocene Paradox (Mechanisms for a Permanent El Niño)

A. V. Fedorov, P. S. Dekens, M. McCarthy, A. C. Ravelo, P. B. deMenocal, M. Barreiro, R. C. Pacanowski, and S. G. Philander
Science 9 June 2006: 1485-1489.
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Brevia

The Breakup of a Main-Belt Asteroid 450 Thousand Years Ago

David Nesvorny, David Vokrouhlicky, and William F. Bottke
Science 9 June 2006: 1490.
The close orbits of six objects around the asteroid Datura suggest that it partially broke up in response to a collision just 450,000 years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Article

Visualization of Cellulose Synthase Demonstrates Functional Association with Microtubules

Alexander R. Paredez, Christopher R. Somerville, and David W. Ehrhardt
Science 9 June 2006: 1491-1495.
Published online 20 April 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1126551] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Cellulose synthase makes and deposits cellulose along plant cell walls as it is carried along microtubules. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Flip-Flopping Fractional Flux Quanta

T. Ortlepp, Ariando, O. Mielke, C. J. M. Verwijs, K. F. K. Foo, H. Rogalla, F. H. Uhlmann, and H. Hilgenkamp
Science 9 June 2006: 1495-1497.
Published online 20 April 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1126041] (in Science Express Reports)
The d-wave symmetry of high-temperature superconductors can be manipulated to form a logic gate in an electronic circuit. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coherent State Evolution in a Superconducting Qubit from Partial-Collapse Measurement

N. Katz, M. Ansmann, Radoslaw C. Bialczak, Erik Lucero, R. McDermott, Matthew Neeley, Matthias Steffen, E. M. Weig, A. N. Cleland, John M. Martinis, and A. N. Korotkov
Science 9 June 2006: 1498-1500.
Partial measurement of the quantum state of a superconducting qubit can be used to probe and control it while avoiding the collapse often caused by a complete measurement. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

High-Resolution Thin-Film Device to Sense Texture by Touch

Vivek Maheshwari and Ravi F. Saraf
Science 9 June 2006: 1501-1504.
Partial measurement of the quantum state of a superconducting qubit can be used to probe and control it while avoiding the collapse often caused by a complete measurement. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Converting Ceria Polyhedral Nanoparticles into Single-Crystal Nanospheres

Xiangdong Feng, Dean C. Sayle, Zhong Lin Wang, M. Sharon Paras, Brian Santora, Anthony C. Sutorik, Thi X. T. Sayle, Yi Yang, Yong Ding, Xudong Wang, and Yie-Shein Her
Science 9 June 2006: 1504-1508.
Combining titanium with ceria in a flame produces spherical rather than jagged nanoparticles that efficiently cut and smoothly polish silicon wafers for chips. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regenerative Adsorption and Removal of H₂S from Hot Fuel Gas Streams by Rare Earth Oxides

Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Mann Sakbodin, and Zheng Wang
Science 9 June 2006: 1508-1510.
Hydrogen sulfide, an inhibitor of solid-oxide fuel cells, can be removed by cerium and lanthanum oxides and then regenerated with any sulfur-free gas. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Near-Synchronous Interhemispheric Termination of the Last Glacial Maximum in Mid-Latitudes

Joerg M. Schaefer, George H. Denton, David J. A. Barrell, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Peter W. Kubik, Bjorn G. Andersen, Fred M. Phillips, Thomas V. Lowell, and Christian Schlüchter
Science 9 June 2006: 1510-1513.
Dates on moraines from mid-latitudes around the world imply that after the last Ice Age glaciers retreated simultaneously in response to warming by increased CO² levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Changes in North Atlantic Radiocarbon Reservoir Ages During the Allerød and Younger Dryas

Stein Bondevik, Jan Mangerud, Hilary H. Birks, Steinar Gulliksen, and Paula Reimer
Science 9 June 2006: 1514-1517.
Different radiocarbon ages of the atmosphere and North Atlantic trace shifts in ocean circulation and upwelling during climate fluctuations 15,000 to 10,000 years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Transatlantic Abundance of the N₂-Fixing Colonial Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium

Cabell S. Davis and Dennis J. McGillicuddy, Jr.
Science 9 June 2006: 1517-1520.
The higher than expected abundance of a cyanobacterium in the Sargasso Sea suggests that its contribution to the oceanic nitrogen cycle is larger than has been assumed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

TOPLESS Regulates Apical Embryonic Fate in Arabidopsis

Jeff A. Long, Carolyn Ohno, Zachery R. Smith, and Elliot M. Meyerowitz
Science 9 June 2006: 1520-1523.
A gene product specifies which cells make up the plant shoot by coordinating repression of transcription, probably of root-associated genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tim50 Maintains the Permeability Barrier of the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

Michael Meinecke, Richard Wagner, Peter Kovermann, Bernard Guiard, David U. Mick, Dana P. Hutu, Wolfgang Voos, Kaye N. Truscott, Agnieszka Chacinska, Nikolaus Pfanner, and Peter Rehling
Science 9 June 2006: 1523-1526.
A regulatory protein blocks the large channels in the mitochondrial inner membrane, maintaining the mitchondrion’s essential proton gradient. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Virulence Locus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Encodes a Protein Secretion Apparatus

Joseph D. Mougous, Marianne E. Cuff, Stefan Raunser, Aimee Shen, Min Zhou, Casey A. Gifford, Andrew L. Goodman, Grazyna Joachimiak, Claudia L. Ordoñez, Stephen Lory, Thomas Walz, Andrzej Joachimiak, and John J. Mekalanos
Science 9 June 2006: 1526-1530.
An opportunistic bacterial pathogen found in patients with cystic fibrosis contains a previously undescribed secretory apparatus that may be necessary for its virulence. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Preserved CD4+ Central Memory T Cells and Survival in Vaccinated SIV-Challenged Monkeys

Norman L. Letvin, John R. Mascola, Yue Sun, Darci A. Gorgone, Adam P. Buzby, Ling Xu, Zhi-yong Yang, Bimal Chakrabarti, Srinivas S. Rao, Jörn E. Schmitz, David C. Montefiori, Brianne R. Barker, Fred L. Bookstein, and Gary J. Nabel
Science 9 June 2006: 1530-1533.
Monkeys infected with a cousin of the HIV virus and showing a robust immediate immune response have better immune memory for the virus later and survive longer. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Long-Term Potentiation of Neuron-Glia Synapses Mediated by Ca²⁺-Permeable AMPA Receptors

Woo-Ping Ge, Xiu-Juan Yang, Zhijun Zhang, Hui-Kun Wang, Wanhua Shen, Qiu-Dong Deng, and Shumin Duan
Science 9 June 2006: 1533-1537.
Synapses between hippocampal neurons and nearby glial cells can become stronger after stimulation, just as excitatory neuron-neuron synapses can show long-term potentiation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Language Control in the Bilingual Brain

J. Crinion, R. Turner, A. Grogan, T. Hanakawa, U. Noppeney, J. T. Devlin, T. Aso, S. Urayama, H. Fukuyama, K. Stockton, K. Usui, D. W. Green, and C. J. Price
Science 9 June 2006: 1537-1540.
As bilingual people speak one language and then the other, their basal ganglia switch the specific processing circuits accordingly. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|