Topics in Virology

Paradigms in the Virosphere

Caroline Ash, Stella Hurtley, Marc Lavine, and Stephen Simpson
Science 12 May 2006: 869.
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News

Did DNA Come From Viruses?

Carl Zimmer
Science 12 May 2006: 870-872.
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Perspective

Viruses: Making Friends with Old Foes

Trevor Douglas and Mark Young
Science 12 May 2006: 873-875.
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Reviews

Aggresomes and Autophagy Generate Sites for Virus Replication

Thomas Wileman
Science 12 May 2006: 875-878.
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Type 1 Interferons and the Virus-Host Relationship: A Lesson in Détente

Adolfo García-Sastre and Christine A. Biron
Science 12 May 2006: 879-882.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 12 May 2006: 809.
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Editorial:
More Silliness on the Hill

Donald Kennedy
Science 12 May 2006: 813.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 12 May 2006: 815.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 12 May 2006: 821.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 12 May 2006: 931.
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News of the Week

NASA BUDGET: Crisis Deepens as Scientists Fail to Rejigger Space Research

Andrew Lawler
Science 12 May 2006: 824-825.
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GLOBAL CHANGE: No Doubt About It, the World Is Warming

Richard A. Kerr
Science 12 May 2006: 825.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Decision on NFκB Patent Could Have Broad Implications for Biotech

Ken Garber
Science 12 May 2006: 827.
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SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING: Bill Would Require Free Public Access to Research Papers

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 12 May 2006: 828.
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CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS: Solid Hydrogen Not So Super After All

Adrian Cho
Science 12 May 2006: 828.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: Senate Panel Chair Asks Why NSF Funds Social Sciences

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 12 May 2006: 829.
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CANADA: Research Budgets Are Tight Pending Science Policy Review

Wayne Kondro
Science 12 May 2006: 831.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: A Call to Improve South Africa's Journals

Robert Koenig
Science 12 May 2006: 831.
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ScienceScope

Science 12 May 2006: 827.
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Random Samples

Science 12 May 2006: 823.
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Newsmakers

Science 12 May 2006: 843.
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News Focus

GLOBAL HEALTH: Polio Eradication: Is It Time to Give Up?

Leslie Roberts
Science 12 May 2006: 832-835.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: A Cure for the Common Trial

David Grimm
Science 12 May 2006: 835-837.
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COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE SOCIETY MEETING: Probing the Social Brain

Greg Miller
Science 12 May 2006: 838-839.
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ASTRONOMY: A Hawaiian Upstart Prepares to Monitor the Starry Heavens

Robert Irion
Science 12 May 2006: 840-841.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 12 May 2006: 845.
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 Multiple Outbreaks and Flu Containment Plans

Marc Lipsitch, James M. Robins, Christina E. Mills, and Carl T. Bergstrom
Science 12 May 2006: 845.
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 Migratory Birds and Avian Flu

Rob Fergus, Michael Fry, William B. Karesh, Peter P. Marra, Scott Newman, and Ellen Paul
Science 12 May 2006: 845-846.
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 Reconsidering the Antiquity of Leprosy

Ron Pinhasi, Robert Foley, and Helen D. Donoghue
Science 12 May 2006: 846.
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 Species Diversity and Ecosystem Functioning

Daniel E. Bunker, Shahid Naeem;, Christopher Wills, and Kyle Harms
Science 12 May 2006: 846-848.
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 Increase in Foreign Grad Students

Robert M. Yeh
Science 12 May 2006: 848.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Advocating Science for the People

Soraya de Charadevian
Science 12 May 2006: 849-850.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Overshadowed Ports of Call

Alistair Sponsel
Science 12 May 2006: 850.
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Books Received

Science 12 May 2006: 850.
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Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH: Progress Toward Rotavirus Vaccines

Umesh D. Parashar and Roger I. Glass
Science 12 May 2006: 851-852.
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PUBLIC HEALTH: Is Polio Eradication Realistic?

Isao Arita, Miyuki Nakane, and Frank Fenner
Science 12 May 2006: 852-854.
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PUBLIC HEALTH: Who Should Get Influenza Vaccine When Not All Can?

Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Alan Wertheimer
Science 12 May 2006: 854-855.
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Perspectives

ECOLOGY: Photosymbiosis and the Evolution of Modern Coral Reefs

George D. Stanley Jr.
Science 12 May 2006: 857-858.
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PLANT SCIENCE: Auxin Transport, but in Which Direction?

Tobias Sieberer and Ottoline Leyser
Science 12 May 2006: 858-860.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: Enhanced: Toward Devices Powered by Biomolecular Motors

Henry Hess
Science 12 May 2006: 860-861.
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NEUROSCIENCE: Regulating Energy Balance: The Substrate Strikes Back

Jeffrey S. Flier
Science 12 May 2006: 861-864.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: Collective Defect Behavior Under Stress

Ladislas Kubin
Science 12 May 2006: 864-865.
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GEOPHYSICS: Ships' Logs and Archeomagnetism

Masaru Kono
Science 12 May 2006: 865-866.
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Brevia

Polar PIN Localization Directs Auxin Flow in Plants

Justyna Wisniewska, Jian Xu, Daniela Seifertová, Philip B. Brewer, Kamil Ruzicka, Ikram Blilou, David Rouquié, Eva Benková, Ben Scheres, and Jirí Friml
Science 12 May 2006: 883.
Published online 6 April 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1121356] (in Science Express Brevia)
The local distribution of auxin transport proteins within cells controls the direction of auxin flow in plants. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Virus-Enabled Synthesis and Assembly of Nanowires for Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

Ki Tae Nam, Dong-Wan Kim, Pil J. Yoo, Chung-Yi Chiang, Nonglak Meethong, Paula T. Hammond, Yet-Ming Chiang, and Angela M. Belcher
Science 12 May 2006: 885-888.
Published online 6 April 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122716] (in Science Express Reports)
Viruses provide a template for growing cobalt oxide nanowires that can be used as battery electrodes, and cobalt oxide–gold hybrid wires that enhance the capacity of nanobatteries. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Formation and Subdivision of Deformation Structures During Plastic Deformation

Bo Jakobsen, Henning F. Poulsen, Ulrich Lienert, Jonathan Almer, Sarvjit D. Shastri, Henning O. Sørensen, Carsten Gundlach, and Wolfgang Pantleon
Science 12 May 2006: 889-892.
X-ray observations reveal that as copper is stretched, grains become ordered along dislocations, and some grains located elsewhere shrink, grow, or split. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Simultaneous Negative Phase and Group Velocity of Light in a Metamaterial

Gunnar Dolling, Christian Enkrich, Martin Wegener, Costas M. Soukoulis, and Stefan Linden
Science 12 May 2006: 892-894.
Light passing through a material with a negative index of refraction simultaneously exhibits negative phase and group velocities. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Observation of Backward Pulse Propagation Through a Medium with a Negative Group Velocity

George M. Gehring, Aaron Schweinsberg, Christopher Barsi, Natalie Kostinski, and Robert W. Boyd
Science 12 May 2006: 895-897.
A light pulse is reshaped as it passes through an optical fiber with a negative refractive index, causing the peak to travel in a backward direction, opposing the flow of energy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Statistical Independence of Escalatory Ecological Trends in Phanerozoic Marine Invertebrates

Joshua S. Madin, John Alroy, Martin Aberhan, Franz T. Fürsich, Wolfgang Kiessling, Matthew A. Kosnik, and Peter J. Wagner
Science 12 May 2006: 897-900.
A rich marine fossil database implies that although carnivores and their prey have both diversified greatly, their interactions were not the main cause of this evolving diversity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Fall in Earth's Magnetic Field Is Erratic

David Gubbins, Adrian L. Jones, and Christopher C. Finlay
Science 12 May 2006: 900-902.
Early directional measurements of Earth’s magnetic field combined with archaeological samples show that the field’s strength only began to decline after 1840. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Impaired Control of IRES-Mediated Translation in X-Linked Dyskeratosis Congenita

Andrew Yoon, Guang Peng, Yves Brandenburg, Ornella Zollo, Wei Xu, Eduardo Rego, and Davide Ruggero
Science 12 May 2006: 902-906.
A rare disease that increases cancer susceptibility is caused by defective protein synthesis from messenger RNAs that are translated from an internal start site. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

RNA Recognition and Cleavage by a Splicing Endonuclease

Song Xue, Kate Calvin, and Hong Li
Science 12 May 2006: 906-910.
The two catalytic subunits of a dimeric enzyme that cleaves RNA at two sites interact reciprocally. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Molecular Sorting by Electrical Steering of Microtubules in Kinesin-Coated Channels

Martin G. L. van den Heuvel, Martijn P. de Graaff, and Cees Dekker
Science 12 May 2006: 910-914.
Microtubules moving through kinesin motor–coated channels can be steered by alternating electric fields. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

PIN Proteins Perform a Rate-Limiting Function in Cellular Auxin Efflux

Jan Petrásek, Jozef Mravec, Rodolphe Bouchard, Joshua J. Blakeslee, Melinda Abas, Daniela Seifertová, Justyna Wisniewska, Zerihun Tadele, Martin Kubes, Milada Covanová, Pankaj Dhonukshe, Petr Skupa, Eva Benková, Lucie Perry, Pavel Krecek, Ok Ran Lee, Gerald R. Fink, Markus Geisler, Angus S. Murphy, Christian Luschnig, Eva Zazímalová, and Jirí Friml
Science 12 May 2006: 914-918.
Published online 6 April 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1123542] (in Science Express Reports)
Inserting a specific plant protein and its regulated hormone auxin into nonplant cells shows that the protein can move auxin out of cells on its own. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Oceanographic Basis of the Global Surface Distribution of Prochlorococcus Ecotypes

Heather A. Bouman, Osvaldo Ulloa, David J. Scanlan, Katrin Zwirglmaier, William K. W. Li, Trevor Platt, Venetia Stuart, Ray Barlow, Ole Leth, Lesley Clementson, Vivian Lutz, Masao Fukasawa, Shuichi Watanabe, and Shubha Sathyendranath
Science 12 May 2006: 918-921.
A global census of an abundant photosynthetic marine bacterium reveals that its distribution is predicted by light, nutrients, and other oceanographic parameters. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Wnt Gradient Formation Requires Retromer Function in Wnt-Producing Cells

Damien Y. M. Coudreuse, Giulietta Roël, Marco C. Betist, Olivier Destrée, and Hendrik C. Korswagen
Science 12 May 2006: 921-924.
Published online 27 April 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1124856] (in Science Express Reports)
A multiprotein complex that transports molecules into cells is required for formation of a protein gradient that patterns developing tissues in animals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ischemia Opens Neuronal Gap Junction Hemichannels

Roger J. Thompson, Ning Zhou, and Brian A. MacVicar
Science 12 May 2006: 924-927.
When neurons are deprived of oxygen and glucose, the gap-junctional channels between them open, interfering with appropriate ion flow. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hypothalamic mTOR Signaling Regulates Food Intake

Daniela Cota, Karine Proulx, Kathi A. Blake Smith, Sara C. Kozma, George Thomas, Stephen C. Woods, and Randy J. Seeley
Science 12 May 2006: 927-930.
In addition to responding to carbohydrates and fat in the blood, neurons in the brain can also be activated by blood-borne amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Evidence for Positive Epistasis in HIV-1"

Kai Wang, John E. Mittler, and Ram Samudrala
Science 12 May 2006: 848.
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Response to Comment on "Evidence for Positive Epistasis in HIV-1"

Sebastian Bonhoeffer, Colombe Chappey, Neil T. Parkin, Jeannette M. Whitcomb, and Christos J. Petropoulos
Science 12 May 2006: 848.
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