Biochemistry: Tools for New Frontiers

Proteins at Work

Valda J. Vinson
Science 14 April 2006: 211.
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Perspective

Living Cells as Test Tubes

X. Sunney Xie, Ji Yu, and Wei Yuan Yang
Science 14 April 2006: 228-230.
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Reviews

Mass Spectrometry and Protein Analysis

Bruno Domon and Ruedi Aebersold
Science 14 April 2006: 212-217.
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The Fluorescent Toolbox for Assessing Protein Location and Function

Ben N. G. Giepmans, Stephen R. Adams, Mark H. Ellisman, and Roger Y. Tsien
Science 14 April 2006: 217-224.
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New Tools Provide New Insights in NMR Studies of Protein Dynamics

Anthony Mittermaier and Lewis E. Kay
Science 14 April 2006: 224-228.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 14 April 2006: 155.
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Editorial:
Nick Cozzarelli

Donald Kennedy
Science 14 April 2006: 159.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 14 April 2006: 161.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 14 April 2006: 169.
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Quarterly Author Index

Science 14 April 2006: 289.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 14 April 2006: 289.
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News of the Week

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES: Secret Pyongyang Meeting Builds Science Ties Between Two Koreas

Richard Stone
Science 14 April 2006: 172-173.
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CLINICAL MEDICINE: Accident Prompts a Closer Look at Antibody Trials

Eliot Marshall
Science 14 April 2006: 172.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Iraq Antiquities Find Sparks Controversy

Susan Biggin and Andrew Lawler
Science 14 April 2006: 173.
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CHEMISTRY: Catalyst Combo Offers New Route for Turning Waste Products Into Fuel

Robert F. Service
Science 14 April 2006: 175.
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NUCLEAR POWER: DOE Asked to Fill in the Blanks on Fuel Recycling Research Plan

Eli Kintisch
Science 14 April 2006: 176-177.
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PEER REVIEW: Australia's Proposed U.K.-Style Merit Ranking Stirs Debate

Elizabeth Finkel
Science 14 April 2006: 176.
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U.S. IMMIGRATION: Congress Weighs Steps to Retain Foreign Talent

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 14 April 2006: 177.
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DEVELOPMENT: Two Unexpected Players Add Twists to Liver's Comeback Story

Gretchen Vogel
Science 14 April 2006: 178.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Fossils Clinch Identity of Lucy's Ancestor

Ann Gibbons
Science 14 April 2006: 178.
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ASTROBIOLOGY SCIENCE CONFERENCE 2006: Life Slow Enough to Live on Radioactivity

Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 April 2006: 179.
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ASTROBIOLOGY SCIENCE CONFERENCE 2006: Diversity Before Life

Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 April 2006: 179.
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ScienceScope

Science 14 April 2006: 175.
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Random Samples

Science 14 April 2006: 171.
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Newsmakers

Science 14 April 2006: 193.
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News Focus

NUCLEAR RADIATION: Return to the Inferno: Chornobyl After 20 Years

Richard Stone
Science 14 April 2006: 180-182.
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ECOLOGY: Once a Terminal Case, the North Aral Sea Shows New Signs of Life

Christopher Pala
Science 14 April 2006: 183.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Targeting the Tolls

Ingrid Wickelgren
Science 14 April 2006: 184-187.
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COMPUTER SCIENCE: Life in Silico: A Different Kind of Intelligent Design

Kim Krieger
Science 14 April 2006: 189-190.
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NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Scheme for Boiling Nuclear Matter Gathers Steam at Accelerator Lab

Adrian Cho
Science 14 April 2006: 190-191.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 14 April 2006: 195.
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 Retraction

David A. Vanden Bout and Laura A. Deschenes
Science 14 April 2006: 195.
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 Marketing Drugs Too Early in Testing

Colin B. Begg, Otis Brawley, Robert M. Califf, David L. Demets, Susan S. Ellenberg, and Richard S. Kaplan
Science 14 April 2006: 195.
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 Life-Span Extension in Yeast

David A. Sinclair, Su-Ju Lin, Leonard Guarente;, and Jasper Rine
Science 14 April 2006: 195-197.
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 Archaeopteryx: The Lost Evidence

Reinhold Leinfelder
Science 14 April 2006: 197-198.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 14 April 2006: 198.
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Books et al.

SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING: Who Needs Books?

Sam Elworthy
Science 14 April 2006: 199-200.
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 Browsings

Science 14 April 2006: 199.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: Considering Multiple Flavors

John E. Enderby
Science 14 April 2006: 200.
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Books Received

Science 14 April 2006: 200.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE COMMUNICATION: Enhanced: Environmental Science Adrift in the Blogosphere

Alison Ashlin and Richard J. Ladle
Science 14 April 2006: 201.
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Perspectives

EARTHQUAKE ANNIVERSARY: Halfway Through Reid's Cycle and Counting

William L. Ellsworth
Science 14 April 2006: 203-204.
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EARTHQUAKE ANNIVERSARY: Can Buildings Be Made Earthquake-Safe?

Mary C. Comerio
Science 14 April 2006: 204-206.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Thoracic Thymus, Exclusive No Longer

Harald von Boehmer
Science 14 April 2006: 206-207.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Managing Associations Between Different Chromosomes

Charalampos G. Spilianakis and Richard A. Flavell
Science 14 April 2006: 207-208.
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BIOCHEMISTRY: Enzyme Motions Inside and Out

Stephen J. Benkovic and Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
Science 14 April 2006: 208-209.
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Brevia

Thermal Preference and Tolerance of Alvinellids

Peter R. Girguis and Raymond W. Lee
Science 14 April 2006: 231.
Extraordinarily heat-tolerant worms in hydrothermal vents flourish within steep thermal gradients and prefer temperatures of 40° to 50°C, briefly tolerating 55°C. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Nuclear Receptor-Dependent Bile Acid Signaling Is Required for Normal Liver Regeneration

Wendong Huang, Ke Ma, Jun Zhang, Mohammed Qatanani, James Cuvillier, Jun Liu, Bingning Dong, Xiongfei Huang, and David D. Moore
Science 14 April 2006: 233-236.
After injury to the liver, accumulated bile induces liver regeneration in mice, providing one mechanism for control of organ size. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Atomic Description of an Enzyme Reaction Dominated by Proton Tunneling

Laura Masgrau, Anna Roujeinikova, Linus O. Johannissen, Parvinder Hothi, Jaswir Basran, Kara E. Ranaghan, Adrian J. Mulholland, Michael J. Sutcliffe, Nigel S. Scrutton, and David Leys
Science 14 April 2006: 237-241.
Proton transfer during enzymatic tryptamine oxidation proceeds by tunneling, which occurs over ~0.6 Å and is modulated by short-range thermal motions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays

Zhong Lin Wang and Jinhui Song
Science 14 April 2006: 242-246.
Bending a nanowire with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope separates charges on its polar faces and generates a current when the tip passes to the oppositely charged face. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation

M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schultze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uiberacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking
Science 14 April 2006: 246-248.
Through manipulation of its amplitude and frequency, a short light pulse can be used to control the dissociation of a deuterium molecule and the direction of the scattered ions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hardening by Annealing and Softening by Deformation in Nanostructured Metals

Xiaoxu Huang, Niels Hansen, and Nobuhiro Tsuji
Science 14 April 2006: 249-251.
In contrast to the behavior of most metals, nanostructured aluminum can be strengthened through annealing and made more ductile through deformation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Diels-Alder in Aqueous Molecular Hosts: Unusual Regioselectivity and Efficient Catalysis

Michito Yoshizawa, Masazumi Tamura, and Makoto Fujita
Science 14 April 2006: 251-254.
Bowl-shaped structures made from organic molecules and palladium can orient aromatic guest substrates to induce specific reactivity, in a manner analogous to enzymes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Double Perovskites as Anode Materials for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells

Yun-Hui Huang, Ronald I. Dass, Zheng-Liang Xing, and John B. Goodenough
Science 14 April 2006: 254-257.
A layered fuel cell based on a molybdenum oxide compound shows high resistance to carbon buildup and sulfur poisoning when running on natural gas. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Catalytic Alkane Metathesis by Tandem Alkane Dehydrogenation-Olefin Metathesis

Alan S. Goldman, Amy H. Roy, Zheng Huang, Ritu Ahuja, William Schinski, and Maurice Brookhart
Science 14 April 2006: 257-261.
A pair of catalysts can convert one alkane into a mixture of larger and smaller ones, a step toward efficient generation of fuel from nonpetroleum sources. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

High Natural Aerosol Loading over Boreal Forests

P. Tunved, H.-C. Hansson, V.-M. Kerminen, J. Ström, M. Dal Maso, H. Lihavainen, Y. Viisanen, P. P. Aalto, M. Komppula, and M. Kulmala
Science 14 April 2006: 261-263.
A long-term study in Scandinavia shows that organic gas emissions from upwind boreal forests are a major source of atmospheric aerosols from spring through fall. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Bifurcating Pathway Directs Abscisic Acid Effects on Stomatal Closure and Opening in Arabidopsis

Girish Mishra, Wenhua Zhang, Fan Deng, Jian Zhao, and Xuemin Wang
Science 14 April 2006: 264-266.
A plant prevents dehydration by activating a phospholipase that inhibits opening of surface pores through one pathway and closes open ones through another. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Selection on Gamete Recognition Proteins Depends on Sex, Density, and Genotype Frequency

Don R. Levitan and David L. Ferrell
Science 14 April 2006: 267-269.
In wild sea urchins, large amounts of sperm favor the success of rare alleles of sperm recognition proteins, explaining how these proteins can cause rapid speciation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

CTCF Mediates Interchromosomal Colocalization Between Igf2/H19 and Wsb1/Nf1

Jian Qun Ling, Tao Li, Ji Fan Hu, Thanh H. Vu, Hui Ling Chen, Xin Wen Qiu, Athena M. Cherry, and Andrew R. Hoffman
Science 14 April 2006: 269-272.
A DNA binding protein brings gene sequences from different chromosomes to a common, transcriptionally active region of the nucleus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Conformational Switches Modulate Protein Interactions in Peptide Antibiotic Synthetases

Alexander Koglin, Mohammad R. Mofid, Frank Löhr, Birgit Schäfer, Vladimir V. Rogov, Marc-Michael Blum, Tanja Mittag, Mohamed A. Marahiel, Frank Bernhard, and Volker Dötsch
Science 14 April 2006: 273-276.
Changes in the structure of a peptide carrier protein that holds a growing peptide chain directs the nonribosomal synthesis of certain antibiotics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Conservation of RET Regulatory Function from Human to Zebrafish Without Sequence Similarity

Shannon Fisher, Elizabeth A. Grice, Ryan M. Vinton, Seneca L. Bessling, and Andrew S. McCallion
Science 14 April 2006: 276-279.
Published online 23 March 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1124070] (in Science Express Reports)
A human regulatory gene can substitute for the corresponding gene in zebrafish, conferring tissue-specific expression, despite its different sequence. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Common Genetic Variant Is Associated with Adult and Childhood Obesity

Alan Herbert, Norman P. Gerry, Matthew B. McQueen, Iris M. Heid, Arne Pfeufer, Thomas Illig, H.-Erich Wichmann, Thomas Meitinger, David Hunter, Frank B. Hu, Graham Colditz, Anke Hinney, Johannes Hebebrand, Kerstin Koberwitz, Xiaofeng Zhu, Richard Cooper, Kristin Ardlie, Helen Lyon, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Nan M. Laird, Marc E. Lenburg, Christoph Lange, and Michael F. Christman
Science 14 April 2006: 279-283.
A common nucleotide variation is associated with obesity in subjects from a 24-year longitudinal heart study and in four other independent groups. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evidence for a Functional Second Thymus in Mice

Grzegorz Terszowski, Susanna M. Müller, Conrad C. Bleul, Carmen Blum, Reinhold Schirmbeck, Jörg Reimann, Louis Du Pasquier, Takashi Amagai, Thomas Boehm, and Hans-Reimer Rodewald
Science 14 April 2006: 284-287.
Published online 2 March 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1123497] (in Science Express Reports)
Mice have a second thymus in the neck that contributes functional T cells to the immune system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "The Illusion of Invariant Quantities in Life Histories"

Van M. Savage, Ethan P. White, Melanie E. Moses, S. K. Morgan Ernest, Brian J. Enquist, and Eric L. Charnov
Science 14 April 2006: 198.
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Response to Comment on "The Illusion of Invariant Quantities in Life Histories"

Sean Nee, Nick Colegrave, Stuart A. West, and Alan Grafen
Science 14 April 2006: 198.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|