This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 24 February 2006: 1068.
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Editorial:
Medicine Needs Evolution

Randolph M. Nesse, Stephen C. Stearns, and Gilbert S. Omenn
Science 24 February 2006: 1071.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 24 February 2006: 1073.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 24 February 2006: 1079.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 24 February 2006: 1165.
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News of the Week

SCIENCE AND RELIGION: Evangelicals, Scientists Reach Common Ground on Climate Change

Eli Kintisch
Science 24 February 2006: 1082-1083.
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NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Accelerator Delay Stuns U.S. Scientists

Adrian Cho
Science 24 February 2006: 1082.
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SCIENCE AND RELIGION: Ohio School Board Boots Out ID

Constance Holden
Science 24 February 2006: 1083.
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INFLUENZA: New Study Casts Doubt on Plans for Pandemic Containment

Martin Enserink
Science 24 February 2006: 1084.
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INFLUENZA: Bird Flu Moves West, Spreading Alarm

Science 24 February 2006: 1084.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Massive Outbreak Draws Fresh Attention to Little-Known Virus

Martin Enserink
Science 24 February 2006: 1085.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Foiled Dendritic Cell Suicide May Lead to Autoimmunity

Jean Marx
Science 24 February 2006: 1086.
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SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES: U.S. Caps Number of AIDS Researchers at Toronto Meeting

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 24 February 2006: 1086.
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PHYSIOLOGY: Math Clears Up an Inner-Ear Mystery: Spiral Shape Pumps Up the Bass

Adrian Cho
Science 24 February 2006: 1087.
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ScienceScope

Science 24 February 2006: 1085.
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Random Samples

Science 24 February 2006: 1081.
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Newsmakers

Science 24 February 2006: 1097.
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News Focus

GARY COMER PROFILE: An Entrepreneur Does Climate Science

Richard A. Kerr
Science 24 February 2006: 1088-1090.
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CELL BIOLOGY: The Prion Protein Has a Good Side? You Bet

Jennifer Couzin
Science 24 February 2006: 1091.
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NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION: Is the Education Directorate Headed for a Failing Grade?

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 24 February 2006: 1092-1093.
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AAAS ANNUAL MEETING: Don't Sugarcoat Corals

Eli Kintisch
Science 24 February 2006: 1094.
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AAAS ANNUAL MEETING: A First Look at a Comet's Dust

John Travis
Science 24 February 2006: 1094.
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AAAS ANNUAL MEETING: Hot Times for the Cretaceous Oceans

Eli Kintisch
Science 24 February 2006: 1095.
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AAAS ANNUAL MEETING: Preyed Upon, Hominids Began to Cooperate

Dan Ferber
Science 24 February 2006: 1095.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 24 February 2006: 1098.
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 Making Sure Public Health Policies Work

Mike Muller;, Manuel Franco, Richard Cooper, and Pedro Orduñez
Science 24 February 2006: 1098.
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 Linking Bats to Emerging Diseases

Melville B. Fenton, Matt Davison, Thomas H. Kunz, Gary F. McCracken, Paul A. Racey, Merlin D. Tuttle;, and Andrew P. Dobson
Science 24 February 2006: 1098-1099.
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 Voucher Specimens for SARS-Linked Bats

Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Carleton J. Phillips, Robert D. Bradley, Robert J. Baker, Terry L. Yates, Luis A. Ruedas;, Shuyi Zhang, Zhengli Shi, Hume Field, Peter Daszak, Bryan T. Eaton, and Lin-Fa Wang
Science 24 February 2006: 1099-1100.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 24 February 2006: 1100.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Ecology Beginning with the Botanists

Nancy Slack
Science 24 February 2006: 1101-1102.
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FILM: PLANETARY SCIENCE: Roaming Mars

Linda Rowan
Science 24 February 2006: 1102.
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Books Received

Science 24 February 2006: 1102.
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Education Forum

COLLABORATIVE PROGRAMS: Genome Consortium for Active Teaching (GCAT)

A. Malcolm Campbell, Todd T. Eckdahl, Edison Fowlks, Laurie J. Heyer, Laura L. Mays Hoopes, Mary Lee Ledbetter, and Anne G. Rosenwald
Science 24 February 2006: 1103-1104.
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Perspectives

ASTRONOMY: Sorting Out the Colors of Globular Clusters

Kenneth C. Freeman
Science 24 February 2006: 1105-1106.
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PHYSICS: Implementing a Quantum Computation by Free Falling

Jonathan Oppenheim
Science 24 February 2006: 1106-1107.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: ENHANCED: "X"-Rated Chromosomal Rendezvous

Laura Carrel
Science 24 February 2006: 1107-1109.
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PALEONTOLOGY: Early Mammalian Evolutionary Experiments

Thomas Martin
Science 24 February 2006: 1109-1110.
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CELL BIOLOGY: The Stress of Finding NEMO

Jiri Bartek and Jiri Lukas
Science 24 February 2006: 1110-1111.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 24 February 2006: 1112.
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Review

Bacterial Small-Molecule Signaling Pathways

Andrew Camilli and Bonnie L. Bassler
Science 24 February 2006: 1113-1116.
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Brevia

Prions in Skeletal Muscles of Deer with Chronic Wasting Disease

Rachel C. Angers, Shawn R. Browning, Tanya S. Seward, Christina J. Sigurdson, Michael W. Miller, Edward A. Hoover, and Glenn C. Telling
Science 24 February 2006: 1117.
Published online 26 January 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122864] (in Science Express Brevia)
Significant amounts of infectious prions are found in the muscles of deer infected with chronic wasting disease, not just in the nervous tissues as in infected cattle. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Noncoding RNAs of Trithorax Response Elements Recruit Drosophila Ash1 to Ultrabithorax

Tilman Sanchez-Elsner, Dawei Gou, Elisabeth Kremmer, and Frank Sauer
Science 24 February 2006: 1118-1123.
Three noncoding RNAs recruit activator proteins to transcription regulatory elements in order to epigenetically activate Drosophila genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Swimming Mammaliaform from the Middle Jurassic and Ecomorphological Diversification of Early Mammals

Qiang Ji, Zhe-Xi Luo, Chong-Xi Yuan, and Alan R. Tabrum
Science 24 February 2006: 1123-1127.
A ~164-million-year-old mammal from China, resembling a beaver with body fur and a broad scaly tail, shows that early mammals were large and inhabited aquatic environments. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

X-ray Flares from Postmerger Millisecond Pulsars

Z. G. Dai, X. Y. Wang, X. F. Wu, and B. Zhang
Science 24 February 2006: 1127-1129.
X-ray flashes that follow some short-duration gamma-ray bursts may be produced by magnetic energy released from a millisecond pulsar formed by a neutron star merger. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Explaining the Color Distributions of Globular Cluster Systems in Elliptical Galaxies

Suk-Jin Yoon, Sukyoung Ken Yi, and Young-Wook Lee
Science 24 February 2006: 1129-1132.
Published online 19 January 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122294] (in Science Express Reports)
A nonlinear relation between metal content of stars and their color, not age differences, produces the red and blue colors of stars in globular clusters. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Quantum Computation as Geometry

Michael A. Nielsen, Mark R. Dowling, Mile Gu, and Andrew C. Doherty
Science 24 February 2006: 1133-1135.
The problem of finding efficient quantum algorithms can be recast in terms of determining the shortest path between two points in a certain curved geometry. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Effects of Solar Flares on the Ionosphere of Mars

Michael Mendillo, Paul Withers, David Hinson, Henry Rishbeth, and Bodo Reinisch
Science 24 February 2006: 1135-1138.
Observations from Mars Global Surveyor show that the x-rays in solar flares strongly enhance the ionosphere of Mars nearly simultaneously with their effects on Earth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Anthropogenic and Natural Influences in the Evolution of Lower Stratospheric Cooling

V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, W. J. Randel, B. D. Santer, B. J. Soden, and G. L. Stenchikov
Science 24 February 2006: 1138-1141.
Climate models show that the two-step cooling of the lower stratosphere from 1980 to 2000 was caused by anthropogenic climate change modified by natural factors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Molecular Linkage Between the Kinase ATM and NF-B Signaling in Response to Genotoxic Stimuli

Zhao-Hui Wu, Yuling Shi, Randal S. Tibbetts, and Shigeki Miyamoto
Science 24 February 2006: 1141-1146.
A protein kinase that is stimulated when DNA is damaged leaves the nucleus to activate survival signals in the cytoplasm. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cell Type Regulates Selective Segregation of Mouse Chromosome 7 DNA Strands in Mitosis

Athanasios Armakolas and Amar J. S. Klar
Science 24 February 2006: 1146-1149.
In dividing mouse embryonic stem cells, unexpected nonrandom segregation of daughter chromosomes occurs in stem cells and endodermal and neuroectodermal cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Transient Homologous Chromosome Pairing Marks the Onset of X Inactivation

Na Xu, Chia-Lun Tsai, and Jeannie T. Lee
Science 24 February 2006: 1149-1152.
Published online 19 January 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122984] (in Science Express Reports)
Inactivation of the extra X chromosome in female mice requires noncoding RNA and a transient interaction between the pair of X chromosomes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of a DNA Glycosylase Searching for Lesions

Anirban Banerjee, Webster L. Santos, and Gregory L. Verdine
Science 24 February 2006: 1153-1157.
A DNA repair enzyme searches for damaged bases by inserting a phenylalanine residue into the intact DNA helix, causing buckling and sensing deformed bases. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Coherent Sign Switching in Multiyear Trends of Microbial Plankton

William K. W. Li, W. Glen Harrison, and Erica J. H. Head
Science 24 February 2006: 1157-1160.
In the waters off of Nova Scotia, changes in the abundance of phytoplankton predict similar changes in plankton-eating bacteria, illustrating their trophic coupling. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dendritic Cell Apoptosis in the Maintenance of Immune Tolerance

Min Chen, Yui-Hsi Wang, Yihong Wang, Li Huang, Hector Sandoval, Yong-Jun Liu, and Jin Wang
Science 24 February 2006: 1160-1164.
Mice in which immune dendritic cells do not undergo their normal programmed death exhibit autoimmune disease, implicating these cells in the control of autoimmunity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects" I

Wayne M. Getz and James O. Lloyd-Smith
Science 24 February 2006: 1100.
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Comment on "On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects" II

Joshua V. Ross
Science 24 February 2006: 1100.
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Comment on "On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects" III

C. Patrick Doncaster
Science 24 February 2006: 1100.
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Response to Comments on "On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects"

Richard M. Sibly, Daniel Barker, Michael C. Denham, Jim Hone, and Mark Pagel
Science 24 February 2006: 1100.
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