This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 17 February 2006: 913.
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Editorial:
The New Gag Rules

Donald Kennedy
Science 17 February 2006: 917.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 17 February 2006: 919.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 17 February 2006: 925.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 17 February 2006: 1023.
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News of the Week

KOREAN STEM CELL SCANDAL: Schatten: Pitt Panel Finds 'Misbehavior' but Not Misconduct

Constance Holden
Science 17 February 2006: 928.
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2007 U.S. BUDGET: How the Competitiveness Initiative Came About

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 17 February 2006: 929.
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PALEOBIOLOGY: Revised Numbers Quicken the Pace of Rebound From Mass Extinctions

Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 February 2006: 931.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA: H5N1 Moves Into Africa, European Union, Deepening Global Crisis

Martin Enserink
Science 17 February 2006: 932.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: Hunt for Birthplace of Meteorites Yields New View of Earth's Origins

Richard A. Kerr
Science 17 February 2006: 932.
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GENOMIC DATABASES: NIH Goes After Whole Genome in Search of Disease Genes

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 17 February 2006: 933.
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MEDICINE: Mouse Study Suggests Cancer Drugs Could Help Prematurely Aging Kids

John Travis
Science 17 February 2006: 934-935.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: Bush Administration Decides It Can't Afford Children's Study

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 17 February 2006: 934.
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PSYCHOLOGY: Tough Decision? Don't Sweat It

Greg Miller
Science 17 February 2006: 935.
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BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CHINA: Doubts Over New Antibiotic Land Co-Authors in Court

Gong Yidong and Eliot Marshall
Science 17 February 2006: 937.
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ScienceScope

Science 17 February 2006: 931.
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Random Samples

Science 17 February 2006: 927.
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Newsmakers

Science 17 February 2006: 949.
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News Focus

NEUROSCIENCE: New Neurons Strive to Fit In

Greg Miller
Science 17 February 2006: 938-940.
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SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY: Scientists' Suicides Prompt Soul-Searching in China

Ding Yimin
Science 17 February 2006: 940-941.
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RETROVIRUS MEETING: Novel Attacks on HIV Move Closer to Reality

Jon Cohen
Science 17 February 2006: 943.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA: Combating the Bird Flu Menace, Down on the Farm

Richard Stone
Science 17 February 2006: 944-946.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: What Good Is a Patent? Supreme Court May Suggest an Answer

Eli Kintisch
Science 17 February 2006: 946-947.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 17 February 2006: 951.
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 The Language of Fighting Invasive Species

Philippe Clergeau, Martin A. Nuñez;, Derek Turner, and Michael Patterson
Science 17 February 2006: 951.
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 Doing More for Keisha

William S. Barnes
Science 17 February 2006: 951-952.
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 Genetic Research into Autism

Angelica Ronald, Francesca Happé, Robert Plomin;, Simon Baron-Cohen, Rebecca C. Knickmeyer, and Matthew K. Belmonte
Science 17 February 2006: 952.
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 Acid Growth and Plant Development

U. Kutschera; and Markus Grebe
Science 17 February 2006: 952-954.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 17 February 2006: 954.
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Books et al.

METROPOLITAN GEOGRAPHIES: When Suburbs Collide

Jennifer Wolch
Science 17 February 2006: 956.
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ECOLOGY: Land of the Lost

Paul L. Koch
Science 17 February 2006: 957.
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Books Received

Science 17 February 2006: 957.
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Policy Forum

INFORMATION SCIENCE: Enhanced: Cybertools and Archaeology

Dean R. Snow, Mark Gahegan, C. Lee Giles, Kenneth G. Hirth, George R. Milner, Prasenjit Mitra, and James Z. Wang
Science 17 February 2006: 958-959.
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Perspectives

EVOLUTION: Why Sex?

Rasmus Nielsen
Science 17 February 2006: 960-961.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: Ringing the Changes

Carl D. Murray
Science 17 February 2006: 961-962.
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NEUROSCIENCE: SUMO Wrestles the Synapse

Asim A. Beg and Peter Scheiffele
Science 17 February 2006: 962-963.
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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: The Greenland Ice Sheet and Global Sea-Level Rise

Julian A. Dowdeswell
Science 17 February 2006: 963-964.
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Review

Reproductive Social Behavior: Cooperative Games to Replace Sexual Selection

Joan Roughgarden, Meeko Oishi, and Erol Akçay
Science 17 February 2006: 965-969.
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Brevia

Genetic Variation Affects de Novo Translocation Frequency

Takema Kato, Hidehito Inagaki, Kouji Yamada, Hiroshi Kogo, Tamae Ohye, Hiroe Kowa, Kayuri Nagaoka, Mariko Taniguchi, Beverly S. Emanuel, and Hiroki Kurahashi
Science 17 February 2006: 971.
A palindromic sequence on human chromosome 11 causes frequent translocations during meiosis, while a more recently evolved nonpalindromic allele does not. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

The Second Ring-Moon System of Uranus: Discovery and Dynamics

Mark R. Showalter and Jack J. Lissauer
Science 17 February 2006: 973-977.
Published online 22 December 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122882] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Uranus has two additional moons and two faint rings that form a highly dynamic system orbiting beyond its known rings. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Electrodes with High Power and High Capacity for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Kisuk Kang, Ying Shirley Meng, Julien Bréger, Clare P. Grey, and Gerbrand Ceder
Science 17 February 2006: 977-980.
Ab initio calculations are used to develop an efficient battery containing layered lithium, nickel, and manganese oxide and to optimize its performance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Plasma Acceleration Above Martian Magnetic Anomalies

R. Lundin, D. Winningham, S. Barabash, R. Frahm, M. Holmström, J.-A. Sauvaud, A. Fedorov, K. Asamura, A. J. Coates, Y. Soobiah, K. C. Hsieh, M. Grande, H. Koskinen, E. Kallio, J. Kozyra, J. Woch, M. Fraenz, D. Brain, J. Luhmann, S. McKenna-Lawler, R. S. Orsini, P. Brandt, and P. Wurz
Science 17 February 2006: 980-983.
Heightened motion of electrons and ions in the martian atmosphere produces aurorae above regions of high surface magnetism through a process similar to that on Earth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Dissociation of MgSiO₃ in the Cores of Gas Giants and Terrestrial Exoplanets

Koichiro Umemoto, Renata M. Wentzcovitch, and Philip B. Allen
Science 17 February 2006: 983-986.
Calculations imply that the main silicate compound deep in terrestrial planets should dissociate to MgO and SiO₂ at high pressures characteristic of planets larger than Earth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Changes in the Velocity Structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Eric Rignot and Pannir Kanagaratnam
Science 17 February 2006: 986-990.
Velocity measurements of ice flow across Greenland show that Greenland glaciers are accelerating, doubling the mass deficit of the ice sheet in the past 3 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Transitions to Asexuality Result in Excess Amino Acid Substitutions

Susanne Paland and Michael Lynch
Science 17 February 2006: 990-992.
Comparison of asexual and sexual strains of the water flea show that asexual reproduction leads to more deleterious mutations, confirming the advantage of sex. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cdx2 Gene Expression and Trophectoderm Lineage Specification in Mouse Embryos

Kaushik Deb, Mayandi Sivaguru, Hwan Yul Yong, and R. Michael Roberts
Science 17 February 2006: 992-996.
In mice, an RNA that ultimately directs formation of the placenta is already clustered at one pole of the oocyte, indicating prepatterning of the placental precursor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

X-ray Structure of a Self-Compartmentalizing Sulfur Cycle Metalloenzyme

Tim Urich, Cláudio M. Gomes, Arnulf Kletzin, and Carlos Frazão
Science 17 February 2006: 996-1000.
Microbial sulfur oxygenase reductase, a major contributor to the global sulfur cycle, forms a 24-subunit hollow sphere with channels that provide access to the active sites inside. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Keystone Mutualism Drives Pattern in a Power Function

John Vandermeer and Ivette Perfecto
Science 17 February 2006: 1000-1002.
The spatial distribution of a scale insect species found on coffee bushes deviates from the expected power law only when their protective ant partner is absent. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nuclear Receptor Rev-erb Is a Critical Lithium-Sensitive Component of the Circadian Clock

Lei Yin, Jing Wang, Peter S. Klein, and Mitchell A. Lazar
Science 17 February 2006: 1002-1005.
Lithium, like triggers of the circadian clock, causes degradation of a nuclear protein, possibly explaining its therapeutic effect in bipolar disorder. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

On Making the Right Choice: The Deliberation-Without-Attention Effect

Ap Dijksterhuis, Maarten W. Bos, Loran F. Nordgren, and Rick B. van Baaren
Science 17 February 2006: 1005-1007.
Although simple decisions are better made after some thought, consciously thinking about complex problems may produce worse results than not thinking at all. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Activity-Dependent Regulation of MEF2 Transcription Factors Suppresses Excitatory Synapse Number

Steven W. Flavell, Christopher W. Cowan, Tae-Kyung Kim, Paul L. Greer, Yingxi Lin, Suzanne Paradis, Eric C. Griffith, Linda S. Hu, Chinfei Chen, and Michael E. Greenberg
Science 17 February 2006: 1008-1012.
A transcription factor that is enriched in the brain and activated by calcium links electrical activity of neurons to the number of functional synapses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Calcium-Regulated MEF2 Sumoylation Switch Controls Postsynaptic Differentiation

Aryaman Shalizi, Brice Gaudillière, Zengqiang Yuan, Judith Stegmüller, Takahiro Shirogane, Qingyuan Ge, Yi Tan, Brenda Schulman, J. Wade Harper, and Azad Bonni
Science 17 February 2006: 1012-1017.
A transcription factor that is enriched in the brain and activated by calcium links electrical activity of neurons to the number of functional synapses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Role of Noradrenergic Signaling by the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius in Mediating Opiate Reward

Valerie G. Olson, Carrie L. Heusner, Ross J. Bland, Matthew J. During, David Weinshenker, and Richard D. Palmiter
Science 17 February 2006: 1017-1020.
In mice, the addictive response to morphine requires norepinephrine neurotransmission in a single region of the brain. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Causal Reasoning in Rats

Aaron P. Blaisdell, Kosuke Sawa, Kenneth J. Leising, and Michael R. Waldmann
Science 17 February 2006: 1020-1022.
Experiments show that rats, like humans, can discriminate between events that are coincident in time and those that are causally related to one another. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|