This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 27 January 2006: 432.
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Editorial:
Getting Serious About Biofuels

Steven E. Koonin
Science 27 January 2006: 435.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 27 January 2006: 437.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 27 January 2006: 445.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 27 January 2006: 542.
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News of the Week

SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT: Fraud Upends Oral Cancer Field, Casting Doubt on Prevention Trial

Jennifer Couzin and Michael Schirber
Science 27 January 2006: 448-449.
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PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE: Scientists Keep Some Data to Themselves

Constance Holden
Science 27 January 2006: 448.
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GRADUATE TRAINING: U.S. Beckons Foreigners With Science Fulbrights

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 27 January 2006: 449.
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QUANTUM PHYSICS: Measurement Schemes Let Physicists Tiptoe Through the Quanta

Adrian Cho
Science 27 January 2006: 451.
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ECOLOGY: Rare Tree Species Thrive in Local Neighborhoods

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 27 January 2006: 452-453.
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CHEMISTRY: Walk on the Wild Side Yields Supersensitive Chemical Measurements

Robert F. Service
Science 27 January 2006: 452.
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EXTRASOLAR PLANETS: I Spy … a Cold, Little Planet

Richard A. Kerr
Science 27 January 2006: 453.
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ILLEGAL DRUGS: U.K. Backs Off Reclassifying Cannabis as a Dangerous Drug

Eliot Marshall
Science 27 January 2006: 455.
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JAPAN-CHINA DISPUTE: Researchers Caught Between Atoll and a Hard Place

Dennis Normile
Science 27 January 2006: 455.
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AVIAN INFLUENZA: Donors Draw Plans to Disburse $2 Billion War Chest for Bird Flu

Dennis Normile and Gong Yidong
Science 27 January 2006: 456-457.
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GENETICS: Biobank Ties Cancer Genes to Rare Developmental Syndrome

Gretchen Vogel
Science 27 January 2006: 456.
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VIROLOGY: Genomic Analysis Hints at H5N1 Pathogenicity

Dennis Normile
Science 27 January 2006: 457.
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ScienceScope

Science 27 January 2006: 451.
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Random Samples

Science 27 January 2006: 447.
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Newsmakers

Science 27 January 2006: 467.
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News Focus

MENTAL HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: The Unseen: Mental Illness's Global Toll

Greg Miller
Science 27 January 2006: 458-461.
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MENTAL HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: Mapping Mental Illness: An Uncertain Topography

Greg Miller
Science 27 January 2006: 460-461.
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MENTAL HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: China: Healing the Metaphorical Heart

Greg Miller
Science 27 January 2006: 462-463.
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MENTAL HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A Spoonful of Medicine--and a Steady Diet of Normality

Greg Miller
Science 27 January 2006: 464-465.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 27 January 2006: 468.
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 Where Next for Genome Sequencing?

Peter Raven, Claude Fauquet, M. S. Swaminathan, Norman Borlaug, and Cristián Samper
Science 27 January 2006: 468.
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 Thinking About NASA's Future

Michael Barratt;, Andrea Hanson;, and Jeffrey Plescia
Science 27 January 2006: 469.
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 Avoiding Climate Change

James E. Hansen
Science 27 January 2006: 469-470.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 27 January 2006: 470.
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Books et al.

SCIENCE AND RELIGION: Believing in Belief

Michael Shermer
Science 27 January 2006: 471-472.
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CLIMATE: Early and Profound Human Impact?

James White
Science 27 January 2006: 472.
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Books Received

Science 27 January 2006: 472.
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Education Forum

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS: Enhanced: The Merits of Training Mentors

Christine Pfund, Christine Maidl Pribbenow, Janet Branchaw, Sarah Miller Lauffer, and Jo Handelsman
Science 27 January 2006: 473-474.
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Perspectives

BIOCHEMISTRY: Loop Grafting and the Origins of Enzyme Species

Dan S. Tawfik
Science 27 January 2006: 475-476.
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ATMOSPHERE: Climate Change and Human Evolution

Anna K. Behrensmeyer
Science 27 January 2006: 476-478.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: Rising Mountain Ranges

Michael A. Poage and C. Page Chamberlain
Science 27 January 2006: 478-479.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: Making Better Ceramic Composites with Ice

John Halloran
Science 27 January 2006: 479-480.
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ECOLOGY: Staying Connected in a Turbulent World

Robert S. Steneck
Science 27 January 2006: 480-481.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 27 January 2006: 482.
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Review

The Path Forward for Biofuels and Biomaterials

Arthur J. Ragauskas, Charlotte K. Williams, Brian H. Davison, George Britovsek, John Cairney, Charles A. Eckert, William J. Frederick, Jr., Jason P. Hallett, David J. Leak, Charles L. Liotta, Jonathan R. Mielenz, Richard Murphy, Richard Templer, and Timothy Tschaplinski
Science 27 January 2006: 484-489.
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Brevia

The Orbital Period of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source in M82

Philip Kaaret, Melanie G. Simet, and Cornelia C. Lang
Science 27 January 2006: 491.
Published online 5 January 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1121067] (in Science Express Brevia)
Periodic brightening of luminous X-ray source may be due to gas supplied from a bloated star orbiting around a massive black hole. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Articles

Fermionic Superfluidity with Imbalanced Spin Populations

Martin W. Zwierlein, André Schirotzek, Christian H. Schunck, and Wolfgang Ketterle
Science 27 January 2006: 492-496.
Published online 22 December 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122318] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Cold clouds of atoms with unequal populations of atomic spins can maintain a surprisingly robust superfluid state, which requires paired spins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Community Genomics Among Stratified Microbial Assemblages in the Ocean's Interior

Edward F. DeLong, Christina M. Preston, Tracy Mincer, Virginia Rich, Steven J. Hallam, Niels-Ulrik Frigaard, Asuncion Martinez, Matthew B. Sullivan, Robert Edwards, Beltran Rodriguez Brito, Sallie W. Chisholm, and David M. Karl
Science 27 January 2006: 496-503.
Community genomic analysis indicates that the microbes near the surface of the Northern Pacific are mobile and photosynthetic, while those below 200 meters have pili and synthesize polysaccharides and antibiotics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Pairing and Phase Separation in a Polarized Fermi Gas

Guthrie B. Partridge, Wenhui Li, Ramsey I. Kamar, Yean-an Liao, and Randall G. Hulet
Science 27 January 2006: 503-505.
Published online 22 December 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122876] (in Science Express Reports)
Cold clouds of atoms with unequal populations of atomic spins can maintain a surprisingly robust superfluid state, which requires paired spins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ethanol Can Contribute to Energy and Environmental Goals

Alexander E. Farrell, Richard J. Plevin, Brian T. Turner, Andrew D. Jones, Michael O'Hare, and Daniel M. Kammen
Science 27 January 2006: 506-508.
A systems analysis shows that, contrary to some studies, biofuel ethanol can yield more energy than is required for its synthesis; nevertheless, better production technologies are needed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Optical Detection of DNA Conformational Polymorphism on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Daniel A. Heller, Esther S. Jeng, Tsun-Kwan Yeung, Brittany M. Martinez, Anthonie E. Moll, Joseph B. Gastala, and Michael S. Strano
Science 27 January 2006: 508-511.
Metal ions in solution can change the way DNA wraps around a singlewalled nanotube and affect the tube's fluorescence, providing a sensitive detector. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid Uplift of the Altiplano Revealed Through ¹³C-¹⁸O Bonds in Paleosol Carbonates

Prosenjit Ghosh, Carmala N. Garzione, and John M. Eiler
Science 27 January 2006: 511-515.
A paleothermometer based on binding strength between rare C and O isotopes within carbonates shows that the Bolivian Altiplano rose rapidly about 8 million years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Freezing as a Path to Build Complex Composites

Sylvain Deville, Eduardo Saiz, Ravi K. Nalla, and Antoni P. Tomsia
Science 27 January 2006: 515-518.
Ice is used to template colloidal particles into forming bone and nacre-like structures and then is easily removed, leaving a contaminant-free substrate for further reinforcement. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge

James F. A. Poulet and Berthold Hedwig
Science 27 January 2006: 518-522.
Crickets "know" when they hear their own song because the neural circuit for singing sends a corollary discharge to auditory neurons as well as to the motor circuit for singing. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Scaling of Connectivity in Marine Populations

R. K. Cowen, C. B. Paris, and A. Srinivasan
Science 27 January 2006: 522-527.
Published online 15 December 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1122039] (in Science Express Reports)
Larvae of coastal fish in the Caribbean typically disperse only 10 to 100 kilometers, less than had been thought, yielding more isolated populations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nonrandom Processes Maintain Diversity in Tropical Forests

Christopher Wills, Kyle E. Harms, Richard Condit, David King, Jill Thompson, Fangliang He, Helene C. Muller-Landau, Peter Ashton, Elizabeth Losos, Liza Comita, Stephen Hubbell, James LaFrankie, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin, H. S. Dattaraja, Stuart Davies, Shameema Esufali, Robin Foster, Nimal Gunatilleke, Savitri Gunatilleke, Pamela Hall, Akira Itoh, Robert John, Somboon Kiratiprayoon, Suzanne Loo de Lao, Marie Massa, Cheryl Nath, Md. Nur Supardi Noor, Abdul Rahman Kassim, Raman Sukumar, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana Suresh, I-Fang Sun, Sylvester Tan, Takuo Yamakura, and Jess Zimmerman
Science 27 January 2006: 527-531.
Long-term census of trees in tropical forest plots shows that rare species survive preferentially, leading to more species diversity as forests age. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An Architectural Framework That May Lie at the Core of the Postsynaptic Density

Marisa K. Baron, Tobias M. Boeckers, Bianca Vaida, Salem Faham, Mari Gingery, Michael R. Sawaya, Danielle Salyer, Eckart D. Gundelfinger, and James U. Bowie
Science 27 January 2006: 531-535.
A scaffolding protein, assisted by bound Zn²⁺, can assemble into large sheets and may form a platform for the construction of the postsynaptic density. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Design and Evolution of New Catalytic Activity with an Existing Protein Scaffold

Hee-Sung Park, Sung-Hun Nam, Jin Kak Lee, Chang No Yoon, Bengt Mannervik, Stephen J. Benkovic, and Hak-Sung Kim
Science 27 January 2006: 535-538.
A process that mimics natural protein evolution converts an enzyme in the metallohydrolase superfamily into a new family member with a different catalytic function. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Virus Reveals Population Structure and Recent Demographic History of Its Carnivore Host

Roman Biek, Alexei J. Drummond, and Mary Poss
Science 27 January 2006: 538-541.
An innocuous virus carried by cats shows that recent cougar populations result from the expansion and merging of small isolated populations that had been reduced by hunting. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Reconstructing the Origin of Andaman Islanders"

Malliya gounder Palanichamy, Suraksha Agrawal, Yong-Gang Yao, Qing-Peng Kong, Chang Sun, Faisal Khan, Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri, and Ya-Ping Zhang
Science 27 January 2006: 470.
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Response to Comment on "Reconstructing the Origin of Andaman Islanders"

Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Toomas Kivisild, Alla G. Reddy, Vijay Kumar Singh, Avinash A. Rasalkar, and Lalji Singh
Science 27 January 2006: 470.
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