This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 16 December 2005: 1737.
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Editorial:
Doing More for Kate

Thomas Cech and Donald Kennedy
Science 16 December 2005: 1741.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 16 December 2005: 1743.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 16 December 2005: 1747.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 16 December 2005: 1828.
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News of the Week

STEM CELLS: Korean University Will Investigate Cloning Paper

Dennis Normile and Gretchen Vogel
Science 16 December 2005: 1748-1749.
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SPACE SCIENCE: ESA Hits the Right Note, and Funding Flows

Daniel Clery
Science 16 December 2005: 1749.
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PALEONTOLOGY: How Fast Does Your Dinosaur Grow?

Carolyn Gramling
Science 16 December 2005: 1751.
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U.S. COMPETITIVENESS: Summit Lists Ways--but Not Means--to Strengthen Science

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 16 December 2005: 1752.
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AFTER KATRINA: Struggling New Orleans Universities Cut Hundreds of Faculty

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 16 December 2005: 1753.
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GENETICS: Zebrafish Researchers Hook Gene for Human Skin Color

Michael Balter
Science 16 December 2005: 1754-1755.
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INDIAN SCIENCE: Booming Computer Sector Seen as a Mixed Blessing

Pallava Bagla
Science 16 December 2005: 1754.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING: Echoing Other Cases, NEJM Says Vioxx Safety Data Withheld

Jennifer Couzin
Science 16 December 2005: 1755.
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ScienceScope

Science 16 December 2005: 1751.
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Random Samples

Science 16 December 2005: 1764.
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News Focus

SPONGIFORM DISEASES: After the Crisis: More Questions About Prions

Martin Enserink
Science 16 December 2005: 1756-1758.
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SPONGIFORM DISEASES: Waiting for the Final Experiment

Martin Enserink
Science 16 December 2005: 1758.
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CONSERVATION BIOLOGY: Hawaii's Coral Trees Feel the Sting of Foreign Wasps

Carolyn Gramling
Science 16 December 2005: 1759-1760.
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ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENOMICS MEETING: Food, Tobacco, and Future Generations

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 16 December 2005: 1760-1761.
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ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENOMICS MEETING: Supplements Restore Gene Function via Methylation

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 16 December 2005: 1761.
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ELECTRONICS: Organic LEDs Look Forward to a Bright, White Future

Robert F. Service
Science 16 December 2005: 1762-1763.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 16 December 2005: 1767.
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 Asian Scientists and the "Glass Ceiling"

Mien-Chie Hung, Kenneth Fong, Joseph K.-K. Li;, Raymond Mejia, Ofelia Olivero, Migdalia Rivera-Goba, Ana Anders, Carlos Caban, Marta Leon-Monzon, Ernest Marquez;, Dianhua Jiang;, Jeffrey B. Stewart;, and Linda J. Pike
Science 16 December 2005: 1767-1768.
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 How to Cut World Hunger in Half

Per Lindskog
Science 16 December 2005: 1768.
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 Cognitive Unbinding in Sleep and Anesthesia

George A. Mashour;, Giulio Tononi, and Marcello Massimini
Science 16 December 2005: 1768-1769.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 16 December 2005: 1769.
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Books et al.

SCIENCE AND CULTURE: Two-Dimensional Science

Jay A. Labinger
Science 16 December 2005: 1770-1771.
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ENVIRONMENT: Learning to Say "Enough"

Norman Myers
Science 16 December 2005: 1771.
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Books Received

Science 16 December 2005: 1771.
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Policy Forum

RESEARCH FUNDING: Science Foundations: A Novelty in Russian Science

Irina Dezhina and Loren R. Graham
Science 16 December 2005: 1772-1773.
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Perspectives

CHEMISTRY: Enhanced: Lateral Hopping Requires Molecular Rocking

Hiromu Ueba and Martin Wolf
Science 16 December 2005: 1774-1775.
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MICROBIOLOGY: Chitin, Cholera, and Competence

Douglas H. Bartlett and Farooq Azam
Science 16 December 2005: 1775-1777.
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GEOPHYSICS: Helium Feels the Heat in Earth's Mantle

Francis Albarede
Science 16 December 2005: 1777-1778.
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ECOLOGY: Population Evolution and Island Biogeography

Roger S. Thorpe
Science 16 December 2005: 1778-1779.
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Brevia

Aphid Protected from Pathogen by Endosymbiont

Claire L. Scarborough, Julia Ferrari, and H. C. J. Godfray
Science 16 December 2005: 1781.
Aphids that harbor certain endosymbiotic bacteria more effectively resist infection by a fungal pathogen. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

SLC24A5, a Putative Cation Exchanger, Affects Pigmentation in Zebrafish and Humans

Rebecca L. Lamason, Manzoor-Ali P.K. Mohideen, Jason R. Mest, Andrew C. Wong, Heather L. Norton, Michele C. Aros, Michael J. Jurynec, Xianyun Mao, Vanessa R. Humphreville, Jasper E. Humbert, Soniya Sinha, Jessica L. Moore, Pudur Jagadeeswaran, Wei Zhao, Gang Ning, Izabela Makalowska, Paul M. McKeigue, David O'Donnell, Rick Kittles, Esteban J. Parra, Nancy J. Mangini, David J. Grunwald, Mark D. Shriver, Victor A. Canfield, and Keith C. Cheng
Science 16 December 2005: 1782-1786.
Identification of a gene that controls pigmentation in zebrafish points to a similar gene that may play a key role in human skin color. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Complete Photo-Induced Breakup of the H₂ Molecule as a Probe of Molecular Electron Correlation

Wim Vanroose, Fernando Martín, Thomas N. Rescigno, and C. William McCurdy
Science 16 December 2005: 1787-1789.
Computations reveal that paired electrons residing between the two protons in molecular hydrogen are more correlated than when surrounding two protons in the helium atom. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Real-Time Observation of Molecular Motion on a Surface

Ellen H. G. Backus, Andreas Eichler, Aart W. Kleyn, and Mischa Bonn
Science 16 December 2005: 1790-1793.
Published online 10 November 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1120693] (in Science Express Reports)
Diffusion of CO molecules on a stepped platinum surface is initiated by rotational motion, rather than the expected translational motion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Multistep Synthesis of a Radiolabeled Imaging Probe Using Integrated Microfluidics

Chung-Cheng Lee, Guodong Sui, Arkadij Elizarov, Chengyi Jenny Shu, Young-Shik Shin, Alek N. Dooley, Jiang Huang, Antoine Daridon, Paul Wyatt, David Stout, Hartmuth C. Kolb, Owen N. Witte, Nagichettiar Satyamurthy, James R. Heath, Michael E. Phelps, Stephen R. Quake, and Hsian-Rong Tseng
Science 16 December 2005: 1793-1796.
A device with micrometer-scale valves and channels has been designed and used for efficient synthesis of a molecule used in medical positron emission tomography. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Direct Experimental Evidence of a Growing Length Scale Accompanying the Glass Transition

L. Berthier, G. Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud, L. Cipelletti, D. El Masri, D. L'Hôte, F. Ladieu, and M. Pierno
Science 16 December 2005: 1797-1800.
Experiments and simulations show that glasses form from liquids upon cooling because increasingly larger regions of a material move simultaneously, inhibiting flow. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Developmental Plasticity in the Life History of a Prosauropod Dinosaur

P. Martin Sander and Nicole Klein
Science 16 December 2005: 1800-1802.
Some early large dinosaurs grew rapidly in response to environmental factors whereas others grew slowly but steadily; later dinosaurs and mammals have fixed life histories. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Drought, Snails, and Large-Scale Die-Off of Southern U.S. Salt Marshes

Brian R. Silliman, Johan van de Koppel, Mark D. Bertness, Lee E. Stanton, and Irving A. Mendelssohn
Science 16 December 2005: 1803-1806.
Salt marshes of the southeastern United States have progressively collapsed as drought has increased their susceptibility to destruction by grazing snails. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Island Biogeography of Populations: An Introduced Species Transforms Survival Patterns

Thomas W. Schoener, Jonathan B. Losos, and David A. Spiller
Science 16 December 2005: 1807-1809.
In the presence of a predatory lizard, anoles that usually thrive on islands with less vegetation survive better on islands with taller shrubbery that provides cover. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Long-Term Modulation of Electrical Synapses in the Mammalian Thalamus

Carole E. Landisman and Barry W. Connors
Science 16 December 2005: 1809-1813.
In inhibitory neurons of the rat thalamus, current flow through gap junctions--conduction pores between neurons--is modulated by electrical activity and neurotransmitters. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Glial Membranes at the Node of Ranvier Prevent Neurite Outgrowth

Jeffrey K. Huang, Greg R. Phillips, Alejandro D. Roth, Liliana Pedraza, Weisong Shan, Wiam Belkaid, Sha Mi, Asa Fex-Svenningsen, Laurence Florens, John R. Yates, III, and David R. Colman
Science 16 December 2005: 1813-1817.
Published online 17 November 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1118313] (in Science Express Reports)
Sections of neuronal axons that are devoid of myelin trapping are prevented from sprouting inappropriately by adjacent glia membranes containing an inhibitory protein. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Widespread Impact of Mammalian MicroRNAs on mRNA Repression and Evolution

Kyle Kai-How Farh, Andrew Grimson, Calvin Jan, Benjamin P. Lewis, Wendy K. Johnston, Lee P. Lim, Christopher B. Burge, and David P. Bartel
Science 16 December 2005: 1817-1821.
Published online 24 November 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1121158] (in Science Express Reports)
In mammals, recently discovered small regulatory microRNAs influence the expression or evolution of most genes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ubiquitin-Binding Domains in Y-Family Polymerases Regulate Translesion Synthesis

Marzena Bienko, Catherine M. Green, Nicola Crosetto, Fabian Rudolf, Grzegorz Zapart, Barry Coull, Patricia Kannouche, Gerhard Wider, Matthias Peter, Alan R. Lehmann, Kay Hofmann, and Ivan Dikic
Science 16 December 2005: 1821-1824.
The small peptide ubiquitin, known to mark proteins for degradation, also triggers the activity of a group of polymerases specialized for repairing DNA damage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Chitin Induces Natural Competence in Vibrio cholerae

Karin L. Meibom, Melanie Blokesch, Nadia A. Dolganov, Cheng-Yen Wu, and Gary K. Schoolnik
Science 16 December 2005: 1824-1827.
When grown under natural conditions, cholera bacteria can release and exchange functional DNA, an ability not seen in 60 years of study in the laboratory. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Characterization of Excess Electrons in Water-Cluster Anions by Quantum Simulations"

J. R. R. Verlet, A. E. Bragg, A. Kammrath, O. Cheshnovsky, and D. M. Neumark
Science 16 December 2005: 1769.
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Response to Comment on "Characterization of Excess Electrons in Water-Cluster Anions by Quantum Simulations"

László Turi, Wen-Shyan Sheu, and Peter J. Rossky
Science 16 December 2005: 1769.
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