This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 9 December 2005: 1581.
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Editorial:
Battle for the Brains?

Hubert S. Markl
Science 9 December 2005: 1585.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 9 December 2005: 1587.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 9 December 2005: 1593.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 9 December 2005: 1691.
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News of the Week

SPACE SCIENCE: NASA Starts Squeezing to Fit Missions Into Tight Budget

Andrew Lawler
Science 9 December 2005: 1594-1595.
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STEM CELLS: Landmark Paper Has an Image Problem

Gretchen Vogel
Science 9 December 2005: 1595.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Cambridge University Reins In Faculty Patents

Eliot Marshall
Science 9 December 2005: 1597.
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SPACE SCIENCE: Europe Trumpets Successes on Mars and Titan

Govert Schilling
Science 9 December 2005: 1598.
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BIOMEDICAL POLICY: U.K. Doubles Stem Cell Funding

Michael Schirber
Science 9 December 2005: 1599.
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EUROPEAN RESEARCH: ERC Moves Forward Despite Budget Impasse

Gretchen Vogel
Science 9 December 2005: 1599.
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NIH TRAINING GRANTS: Universities May Have to Pay More in Support of Graduate Training

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 9 December 2005: 1601.
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NIH CAREER AWARDS: Young Scientists Get a Helping Hand

Yudhijit Bhatttacharjee
Science 9 December 2005: 1601.
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ScienceScope

Science 9 December 2005: 1597.
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Random Samples

Science 9 December 2005: 1612.
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News Focus

INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI: Girding for the Next Killer Wave

Richard Stone and Richard A. Kerr
Science 9 December 2005: 1602-1605.
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INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI: A Dead Spot for the Tsunami Network?

Pallava Bagla
Science 9 December 2005: 1604.
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INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI: In the Wake: Looking for Keys to Posttraumatic Stress

Richard Stone
Science 9 December 2005: 1605.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Will a Preemptive Strike Against Malaria Pay Off?

Gretchen Vogel
Science 9 December 2005: 1606-1607.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Cracks in the First Line of Defense

Gretchen Vogel
Science 9 December 2005: 1607.
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NANOTECHNOLOGY: Calls Rise for More Research on Toxicology of Nanomaterials

Robert F. Service
Science 9 December 2005: 1609.
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ENERGY: For Nuclear Fusion, Could Two Lasers Be Better Than One?

Michael Schirber
Science 9 December 2005: 1610-1611.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 9 December 2005: 1615.
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 Support for the Human Cancer Genome Project

Harold Varmus and Bruce Stillman
Science 9 December 2005: 1615.
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 Attribution of Disaster Losses

Roger A. Pielke Jr.; and Evan Mills
Science 9 December 2005: 1615-1616.
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 Bilateral Action for Right Whales

Jesse S. Sayles, David M. Green;, Scott D. Kraus, Moira W. Brown, Christopher W. Clark, Philip K. Hamilton, Robert D. Kenney, Amy R. Knowlton, Scott Landry, Charles A. Mayo, William A. McLellan, Michael J. Moore, Douglas P. Nowacek, D. Ann Pabst, Andrew J. Read, and Rosalind M. Rolland
Science 9 December 2005: 1616-1618.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 9 December 2005: 1618.
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Books et al.

EVOLUTION: On the Origins of Novelty and Variation

Brian Charlesworth
Science 9 December 2005: 1619-1620.
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PHYSICS: Many Perspectives on Swinging

Alberto G. Rojo
Science 9 December 2005: 1620.
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Books Received

Science 9 December 2005: 1620.
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Policy Forum

AGRICULTURE: Losing the Links Between Livestock and Land

Rosamond Naylor, Henning Steinfeld, Walter Falcon, James Galloway, Vaclav Smil, Eric Bradford, Jackie Alder, and Harold Mooney
Science 9 December 2005: 1621-1622.
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Perspectives

MATERIALS SCIENCE: Metallurgy in the Age of Silicon

D. C. Chrzan
Science 9 December 2005: 1623-1624.
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NEUROSCIENCE: Emotion and Reason in Making Decisions

Aldo Rustichini
Science 9 December 2005: 1624-1625.
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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: Land Use and Climate Change

Roger A. Pielke Sr.
Science 9 December 2005: 1625-1626.
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NEUROSCIENCE: Enhanced: Synaptic Membranes Bend to the Will of a Neurotoxin

Joshua Zimmerberg and Leonid V. Chernomordik
Science 9 December 2005: 1626-1627.
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Association Affairs

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: The Nexus: Where Science Meets Society

Shirley Ann Jackson
Science 9 December 2005: 1634-1639.
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Review

Restoration of Degraded Tropical Forest Landscapes

David Lamb, Peter D. Erskine, and John A. Parrotta
Science 9 December 2005: 1628-1632.
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Brevia

Increase in Activity During Calorie Restriction Requires Sirt1

Danica Chen, Andrew D. Steele, Susan Lindquist, and Leonard Guarente
Science 9 December 2005: 1641.
Mice usually increase their physical activity when fed a calorie-deficient diet, but not when they have a mutation in an aging-related protein. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

The Kinase LKB1 Mediates Glucose Homeostasis in Liver and Therapeutic Effects of Metformin

Reuben J. Shaw, Katja A. Lamia, Debbie Vasquez, Seung-Hoi Koo, Nabeel Bardeesy, Ronald A. DePinho, Marc Montminy, and Lewis C. Cantley
Science 9 December 2005: 1642-1646.
Published online 24 November 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1120781] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A key phosphorylating enzyme in the liver, which is required for the action of a diabetes drug, regulates glucose synthesis and blood levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Systems Model of Signaling Identifies a Molecular Basis Set for Cytokine-Induced Apoptosis

Kevin A. Janes, John G. Albeck, Suzanne Gaudet, Peter K. Sorger, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, and Michael B. Yaffe
Science 9 December 2005: 1646-1653.
A model of the interactions among cellular signaling components predicts previously unknown regulatory pathways for cell death. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Mach-Zehnder Interferometry in a Strongly Driven Superconducting Qubit

William D. Oliver, Yang Yu, Janice C. Lee, Karl K. Berggren, Leonid S. Levitov, and Terry P. Orlando
Science 9 December 2005: 1653-1657.
Published online 10 November 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1119678] (in Science Express Reports)
A superconducting circuit can split a qubit state like a light beam, send each half on a separate path, and recombine them to produce quantum interference patterns. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evidence for Macromolecular Protein Rings in the Absence of Bulk Water

Brandon T. Ruotolo, Kevin Giles, Iain Campuzano, Alan M. Sandercock, Robert H. Bateman, and Carol V. Robinson
Science 9 December 2005: 1658-1661.
Published online 17 November 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1120177] (in Science Express Reports)
Protein-protein assemblies and protein-ligand complexes retain their overall structures during mass spectrometry, suggesting a new tool for structural determinations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid Chiral Assembly of Rigid DNA Building Blocks for Molecular Nanofabrication

R. P. Goodman, I. A. T. Schaap, C. F. Tardin, C. M. Erben, R. M. Berry, C. F. Schmidt, and A. J. Turberfield
Science 9 December 2005: 1661-1665.
Four single strands of DNA can be coaxed to self-assemble in seconds to form a rigid tetrahedron with defined stereochemistry, providing a module or template. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Chemistry of Deformation: How Solutes Soften Pure Metals

Dallas R. Trinkle and Christopher Woodward
Science 9 December 2005: 1665-1667.
Simulations show that impurities soften some body-centered cubic metals by making it easier for dislocations to move. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid Glacial Erosion at 1.8 Ma Revealed by ⁴He/³He Thermochronometry

David L. Shuster, Todd A. Ehlers, Margaret E. Rusmoren, and Kenneth A. Farley
Science 9 December 2005: 1668-1670.
Glaciation increased the rate of incision of a Canadian alpine valley by at least a factor of six around 1.8 million years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hf-W Chronometry of Lunar Metals and the Age and Early Differentiation of the Moon

Thorsten Kleine, Herbert Palme, Klaus Mezger, and Alex N. Halliday
Science 9 December 2005: 1671-1674.
Published online 24 November 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1118842] (in Science Express Reports)
The abundance of tungsten-182 in lunar metals implies that an extensive magma ocean on the moon solidified about 45 million years after formation of the solar system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Importance of Land-Cover Change in Simulating Future Climates

Johannes J. Feddema, Keith W. Oleson, Gordon B. Bonan, Linda O. Mearns, Lawrence E. Buja, Gerald A. Meehl, and Warren M. Washington
Science 9 December 2005: 1674-1678.
Climate models show that expansion of agriculture into forests in the tropics or mid-latitudes could either enhance or retard warming regionally. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Equivalent Effects of Snake PLA2 Neurotoxins and Lysophospholipid-Fatty Acid Mixtures

Michela Rigoni, Paola Caccin, Steve Gschmeissner, Grielof Koster, Anthony D. Postle, Ornella Rossetto, Giampietro Schiavo, and Cesare Montecucco
Science 9 December 2005: 1678-1680.
The paralytic effects of a snake venom on neuromuscular synapses are mimicked by a mixture of fatty acids and lipids, suggesting its mechanism of action. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Neural Systems Responding to Degrees of Uncertainty in Human Decision-Making

Ming Hsu, Meghana Bhatt, Ralph Adolphs, Daniel Tranel, and Colin F. Camerer
Science 9 December 2005: 1680-1683.
People prefer choices with defined risk to those with ambiguous risk, but damage to the emotion-processing areas of the brain eliminates this preference. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Conserved Checkpoint Monitors Meiotic Chromosome Synapsis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Needhi Bhalla and Abby F. Dernburg
Science 9 December 2005: 1683-1686.
In nematodes, a newly recognized checkpoint prevents meiosis unless the homologous chromosomes are paired, and a second checkpoint validates proper recombination. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Snapshot of Activated G Proteins at the Membrane: The G_q-GRK2-Gß Complex

Valerie M. Tesmer, Takeharu Kawano, Aruna Shankaranarayanan, Tohru Kozasa, and John J. G. Tesmer
Science 9 December 2005: 1686-1690.
After hormonal stimulation, one of three subunits of a membrane-bound signaling protein dissociates and interacts with a target protein to activate it. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "How Science Survived: Medieval Manuscripts' `Demography' and Classic Texts' Extinction"

Georges Declercq
Science 9 December 2005: 1618.
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Response to Comment on "How Science Survived: Medieval Manuscripts' `Demography' and Classic Texts' Extinction"

John L. Cisne
Science 9 December 2005: 1618.
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