This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 11 November 2005: 939.
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Editorial:
Biodiversity Science Evolves

Rodolfo Dirzo and Michel Loreau
Science 11 November 2005: 943.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 11 November 2005: 945.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 11 November 2005: 949.
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New Products

Science 11 November 2005: 1035.
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News of the Week

PUBLIC HEALTH:
Pandemic or Not, Experts Welcome Bush Flu Plan

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 11 November 2005: 952-953.
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HURRICANE KATRINA:
Levees Came Up Short, Researchers Tell Congress

Eli Kintisch
Science 11 November 2005: 953-955.
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ITER:
Fusion Leaders Make a Diplomatic Choice

Daniel Clery
Science 11 November 2005: 955.
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ASTROPHYSICS:
Surprise Neutron Star Suggests Black Holes Are Hard to Make

Govert Schilling
Science 11 November 2005: 956-957.
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NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION:
Board Suggests How to Thrive Under Stress

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 11 November 2005: 956.
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U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION:
Schools Cheer Rise in Foreign Students

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 11 November 2005: 957.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Russian Cancer Study Adds to the Indictment of Low-Dose Radiation

Richard Stone
Science 11 November 2005: 959.
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ScienceScope

Science 11 November 2005: 955.
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Random Samples

Science 11 November 2005: 968.
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News Focus

BIOGEOGRAPHY:
Is Everything Everywhere?

John Whitfield
Science 11 November 2005: 960-961.
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PROFILE: SUSAN GREENFIELD:
The Baroness and the Brain

John Bohannon
Science 11 November 2005: 962-963.
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EVOLUTION:
Ancient DNA Yields Clues to the Puzzle of European Origins

Michael Balter
Science 11 November 2005: 964-965.
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DRUG RESEARCH:
Trying to Catch Troublemakers With a Metabolic Profile

Gunjan Sinha
Science 11 November 2005: 965-966.
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PALEONTOLOGY:
Tyrannosaurus rex Gets Sensitive

Erik Stokstad
Science 11 November 2005: 966-967.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 11 November 2005: 971.
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 Balancing Risk and Recovery

Iris Lindberg
Science 11 November 2005: 971.
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 Suggesting Reviewers Affects Outcome?

David F. Ackerley; and K. Brad Wray
Science 11 November 2005: 971-972.
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 Correcting Temperature Data Sets

John R. Christy, Roy W. Spencer;, Carl A. Mears, Frank J. Wentz;, Steven C. Sherwood, and John R. Lanzante
Science 11 November 2005: 972-973.
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 Causation, Vioxx, and Legal Issues

Michael D. Green
Science 11 November 2005: 973.
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 Illusory Statistics

Robert M. Ewers
Science 11 November 2005: 973-974.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 11 November 2005: 974.
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Books et al.

PUBLIC HEALTH:
A Vaccine Disaster and Its Fateful Shadow

Olen Kew
Science 11 November 2005: 975.
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PHYSICS:
A Comical Look at Real Physics

Sam Kean
Science 11 November 2005: 976.
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Books Received

Science 11 November 2005: 976.
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Policy Forum

SCIENCE AND LAW:
WMD Sensors--Search and Seizure

Don Prosnitz
Science 11 November 2005: 978.
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Perspectives

EVOLUTION:
The Tree-Thinking Challenge

David A. Baum, Stacey DeWitt Smith, and Samuel S. S. Donovan
Science 11 November 2005: 979-980.
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CHEMISTRY:
Following the Flow of Energy in Biomolecules

Paul M. Champion
Science 11 November 2005: 980-982.
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BIOCHEMISTRY:
The Photosynthesis "Oxygen Clock" Gets a New Number

James E. Penner-Hahn and Charles F. Yocum
Science 11 November 2005: 982-983.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Enhanced: What Do We Need to Know to Land on the Moon Again?

Maria T. Zuber and Ian Garrick-Bethell
Science 11 November 2005: 983-985.
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BIOMEDICINE:
Separation of Conjoined Hormones Yields Appetite Rivals

Ruben Nogueiras and Matthias Tschöp
Science 11 November 2005: 985-986.
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Review

Pattern-Oriented Modeling of Agent-Based Complex Systems: Lessons from Ecology

Volker Grimm, Eloy Revilla, Uta Berger, Florian Jeltsch, Wolf M. Mooij, Steven F. Railsback, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Jacob Weiner, Thorsten Wiegand, and Donald L. DeAngelis
Science 11 November 2005: 987-991.
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Brevia

Multiple Transatlantic Introductions of the Western Corn Rootworm

Nicholas Miller, Arnaud Estoup, Stefan Toepfer, Denis Bourguet, Laurent Lapchin, Sylvie Derridj, Kyung Seok Kim, Philippe Reynaud, Lorenzo Furlan, and Thomas Guillemaud
Science 11 November 2005: 992.
The rootworm that has been damaging European corn crops since the 1990s did not spread from Central Europe as thought but has been repeatedly introduced from North America. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Transient Floral Change and Rapid Global Warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary

Scott L. Wing, Guy J. Harrington, Francesca A. Smith, Jonathan I. Bloch, Douglas M. Boyer, and Katherine H. Freeman
Science 11 November 2005: 993-996.
Sudden warming about 55 million years ago, similar to that occurring today, abruptly altered the distribution and leaf morphology of plants in western North America. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Obestatin, a Peptide Encoded by the Ghrelin Gene, Opposes Ghrelin's Effects on Food Intake

Jian V. Zhang, Pei-Gen Ren, Orna Avsian-Kretchmer, Ching-Wei Luo, Rami Rauch, Cynthia Klein, and Aaron J. W. Hsueh
Science 11 November 2005: 996-999.
The gene for a hormone that stimulates feeding in rats also codes for another, opposing hormone that suppresses food intake and decreases body weight gain. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

A Thiolate-Ligated Nonheme Oxoiron(IV) Complex Relevant to Cytochrome P450

Michael R. Bukowski, Kevin D. Koehntop, Audria Stubna, Emile L. Bominaar, Jason A. Halfen, Eckard Münck, Wonwoo Nam, and Lawrence Que, Jr.
Science 11 November 2005: 1000-1002.
Published online 27 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1119092] (in Science Express Reports)
A rigid ligand framework enables realization of an elusive active-site model for cytochrome P450 enzymes, with sulfur coordinated stably to iron in an oxidizing environment. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Direct Visualization of the Formation of Single-Molecule Conjugated Copolymers

Hiroshi Sakaguchi, Hisashi Matsumura, Hui Gong, and Abdelkarim M. Abouelwafa
Science 11 November 2005: 1002-1006.
A scanning tunneling microscope reveals the electrochemically driven formation and joining of polymers from simpler precursor molecules on a surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structural Observation of the Primary Isomerization in Vision with Femtosecond-Stimulated Raman

Philipp Kukura, David W. McCamant, Sangwoon Yoon, Daniel B. Wandschneider, and Richard A. Mathies
Science 11 November 2005: 1006-1009.
Laser spectrometry reveals that rhodopsin isomerization initiates vision within 1 picosecond through a fast electronic relaxation and a slower structural change. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Mid-Pleistocene Transition in the Tropical Pacific

Martín Medina-Elizalde and David W. Lea
Science 11 November 2005: 1009-1012.
Published online 13 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1115933] (in Science Express Reports)
A record of sea surface temperatures from the tropical Pacific implies that atmospheric greenhouse gases caused the duration of glacial cycles to increase from 41,000 to about 100,000 years 950,000 years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Recent Ice-Sheet Growth in the Interior of Greenland

Ola M. Johannessen, Kirill Khvorostovsky, Martin W. Miles, and Leonid P. Bobylev
Science 11 November 2005: 1013-1016.
Published online 20 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1115356] (in Science Express Reports)
Satellite data show that the interior of the Greenland Ice Sheet thickened from 1992 to 2003 because more snow accumulated there. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites

Wolfgang Haak, Peter Forster, Barbara Bramanti, Shuichi Matsumura, Guido Brandt, Marc Tänzer, Richard Villems, Colin Renfrew, Detlef Gronenborn, Kurt Werner Alt, and Joachim Burger
Science 11 November 2005: 1016-1018.
Modern Europeans are mainly descended from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers rather than Neolithic farmers, and probably acquired agriculture through cultural transmission. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Photosynthetic O₂ Formation Tracked by Time-Resolved X-ray Experiments

M. Haumann, P. Liebisch, C. Müller, M. Barra, M. Grabolle, and H. Dau
Science 11 November 2005: 1019-1021.
X-ray spectroscopy with a resolution of 10 microseconds reveals an elusive oxygen intermediate in the final step of photosynthesis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Small-Molecule Inhibition of TNF-

Molly M. He, Annemarie Stroustrup Smith, Johan D. Oslob, William M. Flanagan, Andrew C. Braisted, Adrian Whitty, Mark T. Cancilla, Jun Wang, Alexey A. Lugovskoy, Josh C. Yoburn, Amy D. Fung, Graham Farrington, John K. Eldredge, Eric S. Day, Leslie A. Cruz, Teresa G. Cachero, Stephan K. Miller, Jessica E. Friedman, Ingrid C. Choong, and Brian C. Cunningham
Science 11 November 2005: 1022-1025.
A potentially useful small-molecule inhibitor interferes with the action of a trimeric inflammatory hormone by displacing a subunit and binding to the resulting dimer. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structure of a V3-Containing HIV-1 gp120 Core

Chih-chin Huang, Min Tang, Mei-Yun Zhang, Shahzad Majeed, Elizabeth Montabana, Robyn L. Stanfield, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Bette Korber, Joseph Sodroski, Ian A. Wilson, Richard Wyatt, and Peter D. Kwong
Science 11 November 2005: 1025-1028.
An exposed ~50 Å "hook" on HIV-1 helps it bind to host cells and provides a specific target for most natural antibodies to HIV. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest

Daniel E. Bunker, Fabrice DeClerck, Jason C. Bradford, Robert K. Colwell, Ivette Perfecto, Oliver L. Phillips, Mahesh Sankaran, and Shahid Naeem
Science 11 November 2005: 1029-1031.
Published online 20 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1117682] (in Science Express Reports)
A simulation of forest decline shows that carbon sequestration in a tropical forest in Panama varies by up to a factor of six, depending on which among the 227 tree species are lost. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Pseudo-Response Regulator Ppd-H1 Provides Adaptation to Photoperiod in Barley

Adrian Turner, James Beales, Sébastien Faure, Roy P. Dunford, and David A. Laurie
Science 11 November 2005: 1031-1034.
The delayed flowering of spring-sown barley, which allows larger grain yields, is caused by a gene mutation that reduces the sensitivity of the flowering pathway to longer days. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|