This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 9 September 2005: 1645.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Responsibility Beyond 60 Years

Burton G. Bennett
Science 9 September 2005: 1649.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 9 September 2005: 1651.
|Full Text »

NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 9 September 2005: 1655.
|Full Text »

New Products

Science 9 September 2005: 1742.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

HURRICANE KATRINA:
Scientists' Fears Come True as Hurricane Floods New Orleans

John Travis
Science 9 September 2005: 1656-1659.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

HURRICANE KATRINA:
Riding Out the Storm

Carolyn Gramling
Science 9 September 2005: 1657.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PLANETARY SCIENCE:
At Last, a Supportive Parent for Saturn's Youngest Ring

Richard A. Kerr
Science 9 September 2005: 1660.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSICS:
Journal Plans Faster Thumbs-Down for Rejected Papers

Adrian Cho
Science 9 September 2005: 1660.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENCE POLICY:
Supercomputer, X-ray Source Win Backing in Japanese Budget

Dennis Normile
Science 9 September 2005: 1661.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

EVOLUTION:
Are Human Brains Still Evolving? Brain Genes Show Signs of Selection

Michael Balter
Science 9 September 2005: 1662-1663.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NUCLEAR MEDICINE:
Panel Puts Eventual Chornobyl Death Toll in Thousands

John Bohannon
Science 9 September 2005: 1663.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 9 September 2005: 1659.
|Full Text »

Random Samples

Science 9 September 2005: 1670.
|Full Text »

News Focus

BREAST CANCER:
Dissecting a Hidden Breast Cancer Risk

Jennifer Couzin
Science 9 September 2005: 1664-1666.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BREAST CANCER:
Fine-Tuning Breast Density Measures

Jennifer Couzin
Science 9 September 2005: 1665.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Deep Impact Finds a Flying Snowbank of a Comet

Richard A. Kerr
Science 9 September 2005: 1667.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ASTROPHYSICS:
Coming Into Focus: A Universe Shaped By Violent Galaxies

Robert Irion
Science 9 September 2005: 1668-1669.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 9 September 2005: 1673.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

 Women Making Strides in Big Pharma

Catherine D. Strader, Satwant K. Narula, and Jean E. Lachowicz
Science 9 September 2005: 1673.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 The Importance of Origins?

Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Mohammad Navab;, Varshasb Broumand, Salomeh Keyhani, Berhooz Broumand;, and Wasim Maziak
Science 9 September 2005: 1673-1675.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Firearms, Violence, and Self-Protection

Gary D. Kleck;, Jeffrey B. Bingenheimer, Robert T. Brennan, and Felton J. Earls
Science 9 September 2005: 1675-1676.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 The Sight of Violence and Violent Action

Narendra G. Mehta
Science 9 September 2005: 1676-1677.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Mistakes in a Map

Lei Fu; and Donald Kennedy
Science 9 September 2005: 1677.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 9 September 2005: 1677.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books et al.

ECONOMICS:
Earning from Risks

Donald MacKenzie
Science 9 September 2005: 1678-1679.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MEDICINE:
Factoring Risks to the Heart

Amalia M. Issa
Science 9 September 2005: 1679.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 9 September 2005: 1679.
Summary »|  

Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH:
Pathogen Surveillance in Animals

T. Kuiken, F. A. Leighton, R. A. M. Fouchier, J. W. LeDuc, J. S. M. Peiris, A. Schudel, K. Stöhr, and A. D. M. E. Osterhaus
Science 9 September 2005: 1680-1681.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Perspectives

IMMUNOLOGY:
Enhanced: Dietary Factors and Immunological Consequences

Timothy Hla
Science 9 September 2005: 1682-1683.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

MATERIALS SCIENCE:
Nanosprings Take Shape

Brian A. Korgel
Science 9 September 2005: 1683-1684.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

APOPTOSIS:
p53 and PUMA: A Deadly Duo

Karen H. Vousden
Science 9 September 2005: 1685-1686.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOPHYSICS:
Harvesting Energy by Improving the Economy of Human Walking

Arthur D. Kuo
Science 9 September 2005: 1686-1687.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reviews

Magnetic Domain-Wall Logic

D. A. Allwood, G. Xiong, C. C. Faulkner, D. Atkinson, D. Petit, and R. P. Cowburn
Science 9 September 2005: 1688-1692.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

A Human-Specific Gene in Microglia

Toshiyuki Hayakawa, Takashi Angata, Amanda L. Lewis, Tarjei S. Mikkelsen, Nissi M. Varki, and Ajit Varki
Science 9 September 2005: 1693.
A human-specific gene expressed only in glial cells of the brain apparently arose from conversion of the ancestral gene by a nonfunctional pseudogene in a common human chimp ancestor.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

The mRNA of the Arabidopsis Gene FT Moves from Leaf to Shoot Apex and Induces Flowering

Tao Huang, Henrik Böhlenius, Sven Eriksson, François Parcy, and Ove Nilsson
Science 9 September 2005: 1694-1696.
Published online 11 August 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1117768] (in Science Express Research Articles)
The long-sought "florigen" that moves from leaf to shoot and induces flowering as days lengthen is the messenger RNA for the Flowering Locus T gene FT.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Spin Disorder on a Triangular Lattice

Satoru Nakatsuji, Yusuke Nambu, Hiroshi Tonomura, Osamu Sakai, Seth Jonas, Collin Broholm, Hirokazu Tsunetsugu, Yiming Qiu, and Yoshiteru Maeno
Science 9 September 2005: 1697-1700.
Nickel gallium sulfide can form a two-dimensional triangular lattice that suppresses any magnetic ordering even at extremely low temperatures.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Conversion of Zinc Oxide Nanobelts into Superlattice-Structured Nanohelices

Pu Xian Gao, Yong Ding, Wenjie Mai, William L. Hughes, Changshi Lao, and Zhong Lin Wang
Science 9 September 2005: 1700-1704.
Upon annealing, nanoscale ribbons of single zinc oxide crystals form long helices that coalesce to create a large lattice with alternating stripes of helix orientations.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Simulated Quantum Computation of Molecular Energies

Alán Aspuru-Guzik, Anthony D. Dutoi, Peter J. Love, and Martin Head-Gordon
Science 9 September 2005: 1704-1707.
Simulations of quantum computing indicate that ground-state energy calculations should scale linearly with molecular size rather than exponentially as in classical computing.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Fe-Mg Interdiffusion in (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ Perovskite and Lower Mantle Reequilibration

Christian Holzapfel, David C. Rubie, Daniel J. Frost, and Falko Langenhorst
Science 9 September 2005: 1707-1710.
Published online 28 July 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1111895] (in Science Express Reports)
The diffusion of iron and magnesium in perovskite, the major mineral in Earth’s lower mantle, is too slow to have ever homogenized small regions with different compositions.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rising Atmospheric CO₂ Reduces Sequestration of Root-Derived Soil Carbon

James Heath, Edward Ayres, Malcolm Possell, Richard D. Bardgett, Helaina I. J. Black, Helen Grant, Phil Ineson, and Gerhard Kerstiens
Science 9 September 2005: 1711-1713.
Elevated atmospheric CO₂ increased growth and carbon fixation of trees in an experimental plot but released even more CO₂ through microbial respiration in the soil.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Unexpected Changes to the Global Methane Budget over the Past 2000 Years

D. F. Ferretti, J. B. Miller, J. W. C. White, D. M. Etheridge, K. R. Lassey, D. C. Lowe, C. M. MacFarling Meure, M. F. Dreier, C. M. Trudinger, T. D. van Ommen, and R. L. Langenfelds
Science 9 September 2005: 1714-1717.
The carbon isotopes of methane trapped in Antarctic ice indicate that biomass burning during the past 2000 years has been an unexpectedly major source of methane.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Microcephalin, a Gene Regulating Brain Size, Continues to Evolve Adaptively in Humans

Patrick D. Evans, Sandra L. Gilbert, Nitzan Mekel-Bobrov, Eric J. Vallender, Jeffrey R. Anderson, Leila M. Vaez-Azizi, Sarah A. Tishkoff, Richard R. Hudson, and Bruce T. Lahn
Science 9 September 2005: 1717-1720.
Two genes that are required for the human brain to develop to its normal size show traces of recent positive selection and rapid evolution.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ongoing Adaptive Evolution of ASPM, a Brain Size Determinant in Homo sapiens

Nitzan Mekel-Bobrov, Sandra L. Gilbert, Patrick D. Evans, Eric J. Vallender, Jeffrey R. Anderson, Richard R. Hudson, Sarah A. Tishkoff, and Bruce T. Lahn
Science 9 September 2005: 1720-1722.
Two genes that are required for the human brain to develop to its normal size show traces of recent positive selection and rapid evolution.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Neutral Ecological Theory Reveals Isolation and Rapid Speciation in a Biodiversity Hot Spot

Andrew M. Latimer, John A. Silander, Jr., and Richard M. Cowling
Science 9 September 2005: 1722-1725.
South African shrublands maintain diversity in many distinct regions featuring low migration and high speciation, in contrast to Amazon rain forests where the ranges of diverse species overlap widely.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Generating Electricity While Walking with Loads

Lawrence C. Rome, Louis Flynn, Evan M. Goldman, and Taeseung D. Yoo
Science 9 September 2005: 1725-1728.
The energy produced by the up-and-down motion of a walking human can be converted into electricity by a backpack-like device.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Accurate Multiplex Polony Sequencing of an Evolved Bacterial Genome

Jay Shendure, Gregory J. Porreca, Nikos B. Reppas, Xiaoxia Lin, John P. McCutcheon, Abraham M. Rosenbaum, Michael D. Wang, Kun Zhang, Robi D. Mitra, and George M. Church
Science 9 September 2005: 1728-1732.
Published online 4 August 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1117389] (in Science Express Reports)
DNA can be sequenced routinely at about one-tenth the cost of conventional sequencing with off-the-shelf instruments and reagents.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

PUMA Couples the Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Proapoptotic Function of p53

Jerry E. Chipuk, Lisa Bouchier-Hayes, Tomomi Kuwana, Donald D. Newmeyer, and Douglas R. Green
Science 9 September 2005: 1732-1735.
A protein known to modulate cell death is found to coordinate the nuclear and cytoplasmic actions of a tumor suppressor that causes death in stressed or damaged cells.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Lymphocyte Sequestration Through S1P Lyase Inhibition and Disruption of S1P Gradients

Susan R. Schwab, João P. Pereira, Mehrdad Matloubian, Ying Xu, Yong Huang, and Jason G. Cyster
Science 9 September 2005: 1735-1739.
A compound in a food additive interferes with a biochemical gradient that lures immune cells into the blood, suggesting a way in which drugs could suppress an overactive immune system.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Plague Bacteria Target Immune Cells During Infection

Melanie M. Marketon, R. William DePaolo, Kristin L. DeBord, Bana Jabri, and Olaf Schneewind
Science 9 September 2005: 1739-1741.
Published online 28 July 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1114580] (in Science Express Reports)
Bacteria that cause plague hamper the host’s immune defenses by targeting certain immune cells—dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils—but not B and T lymphocytes.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "Grain Boundary Decohesion by Impurity Segregation in a Nickel-Sulfur System"

W. T. Geng, J.-S. Wang, and G. B. Olson
Science 9 September 2005: 1677.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Response to Comment on "Grain Boundary Decohesion by Impurity Segregation in a Nickel-Sulfur System"

Masatake Yamaguchi, Motoyuki Shiga, and Hideo Kaburaki
Science 9 September 2005: 1677.
Full Text »|   PDF »|