Mapping RNA Form & Function

In the Forests of RNA Dark Matter

Guy Riddihough
Science 2 September 2005: 1507.
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Viewpoints

It's a Small RNA World, After All

Matthew W. Vaughn and Rob Martienssen
Science 2 September 2005: 1525-1526.
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The Functional Genomics of Noncoding RNA

John S. Mattick
Science 2 September 2005: 1527-1528.
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Fewer Genes, More Noncoding RNA

Jean-Michel Claverie
Science 2 September 2005: 1529-1530.
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Capping by Branching: A New Ribozyme Makes Tiny Lariats

Anna Marie Pyle
Science 2 September 2005: 1530-1531.
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Review

RNA Structure: Reading the Ribosome

Harry F. Noller
Science 2 September 2005: 1508-1514.
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From Birth to Death: The Complex Lives of Eukaryotic mRNAs

Melissa J. Moore
Science 2 September 2005: 1514-1518.
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Poster: RNA Silencing

Science 2 September 2005: 1518.
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Ribo-gnome: The Big World of Small RNAs

Phillip D. Zamore and Benjamin Haley
Science 2 September 2005: 1519-1524.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 2 September 2005: 1453.
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Editorial:
The Last Great Apes?

Alison Jolly
Science 2 September 2005: 1457.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 2 September 2005: 1459.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 2 September 2005: 1467.
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New Products

Science 2 September 2005: 1591.
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News of the Week

GENOMICS:
Chimp Genome Catalogs Differences With Humans

Elizabeth Culotta
Science 2 September 2005: 1468-1469.
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BIOETHICS:
Final NIH Rules Ease Stock Limits

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 2 September 2005: 1469.
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EUROPEAN POLITICS:
Germany Poised to Elect First Scientist-Chancellor

Gretchen Vogel
Science 2 September 2005: 1471.
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SPACE-BASED ASTRONOMY:
Scientists Scramble to Curb Webb Overruns

Andrew Lawler
Science 2 September 2005: 1472.
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U.S. MILITARY INSTALLATIONS:
Base Commission Alters Pentagon's Wishes on Labs

Jocelyn Kaiser and Eli Kintisch
Science 2 September 2005: 1472.
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SCIENTIFIC DATABASES:
NIH, Chemical Society Look for Common Ground

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 2 September 2005: 1473.
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BIODEFENSE:
Microbiologist Resigns After Pitch for Antianthrax Product

Martin Enserink
Science 2 September 2005: 1475.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Homeland Security Ponders Future of Its Animal Disease Fortress

Martin Enserink
Science 2 September 2005: 1475.
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ScienceScope

Science 2 September 2005: 1471.
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Random Samples

Science 2 September 2005: 1485.
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News Focus

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS:
An Earlier Look At Baby's Genes

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 2 September 2005: 1476-1478.
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NUCLEAR WEAPONS:
Laser Facility Faces Burning Questions Over Cost, Technology

Eli Kintisch
Science 2 September 2005: 1479.
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THE LAW:
Vioxx Verdict: Too Little or Too Much Science?

Andrew Lawler
Science 2 September 2005: 1481.
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COSMOLOGY:
The Quest for Dark Energy: High Road or Low?

Adrian Cho
Science 2 September 2005: 1482-1483.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 2 September 2005: 1489.
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 The Perils of Increased Aquaculture

David A. Mann
Science 2 September 2005: 1489.
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 Notes and Double Knocks from Arkansas

Russell A. Charif, Kathryn A. Cortopassi, Harold K. Figueroa, John W. Fitzpatrick, Kurt M. Fristrup, Martjan Lammertink, M. David Luneau, Jr., Michael E. Powers, and Kenneth V. Rosenberg
Science 2 September 2005: 1489.
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 Nature Makes a Difference in the City

José Galizia Tundisi
Science 2 September 2005: 1489-1490.
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 Einstein's Interoffice Memo?

Roger Noll
Science 2 September 2005: 1490-1491.
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 Aggressive, or Just Looking for a Good Mate?

Anita D. Aisenberg
Science 2 September 2005: 1491.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 2 September 2005: 1491.
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Books et al.

SCIENCE AND RELIGION:
200 Years of Accommodation

Alan Cutler
Science 2 September 2005: 1493-1494.
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MOVIES: NATURAL HISTORY:
Emperors on the Ice

Donald Kennedy
Science 2 September 2005: 1494.
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Books Received

Science 2 September 2005: 1494.
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Essays on Science and Society

GLOBAL VOICES OF SCIENCE:
Deciphering Dengue: The Cuban Experience

María G. Guzmán
Science 2 September 2005: 1495-1497.
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 125th Anniversary Series

Science 2 September 2005: 1495.

Perspectives

NATURAL HISTORY:
Beyond the Chimpanzee Genome: The Threat of Extinction

Marc D. Hauser
Science 2 September 2005: 1498-1499.
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GENOMICS:
Thoughts on the Future of Great Ape Research

Edwin H. McConkey and Ajit Varki
Science 2 September 2005: 1499-1501.
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PHYSICS:
Manipulating Magnetism in a Single Molecule

Michael F. Crommie
Science 2 September 2005: 1501-1502.
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PHYSICS:
Enhanced: Reduced Turbulence and New Opportunities for Fusion

Karl Krushelnick and Steve Cowley
Science 2 September 2005: 1502-1503.
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Brevia

Major Biocontrol of Plant Tumors Targets tRNA Synthetase

John S. Reader, Phillip T. Ordoukhanian, Jung-Gun Kim, Valerie de Crécy-Lagard, Ingyu Hwang, Stephen Farrand, and Paul Schimmel
Science 2 September 2005: 1533.
A biocontrol agent for the crown gall virus acts by inactivating the transfer RNA synthetase for leucine, an approach that might be useful in targeting other plant diseases.
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Research Articles

Inositol Hexakisphosphate Is Bound in the ADAR2 Core and Required for RNA Editing

Mark R. Macbeth, Heidi L. Schubert, Andrew P. VanDemark, Arunth T. Lingam, Christopher P. Hill, and Brenda L. Bass
Science 2 September 2005: 1534-1539.
An enzyme that "edits" messenger RNA by converting adenosine to inosine contains an essential inositol hexakisphosphate at its core, possibly to stabilize a protein fold.
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Reports

Single-Molecule Torsional Pendulum

Jannik C. Meyer, Matthieu Paillet, and Siegmar Roth
Science 2 September 2005: 1539-1541.
A metal block suspended on a single-walled carbon nanotube,which acts as a spring, forms a torsional pendulum that is visible in the optical microscope.
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Controlling the Kondo Effect of an Adsorbed Magnetic Ion Through Its Chemical Bonding

Aidi Zhao, Qunxiang Li, Lan Chen, Hongjun Xiang, Weihua Wang, Shuan Pan, Bing Wang, Xudong Xiao, Jinlong Yang, J. G. Hou, and Qingshi Zhu
Science 2 September 2005: 1542-1544.
Changing the local chemical environment of a cobalt ion adsorbed on a gold surface can lead to strong coupling between its magnetic moment and conduction electrons.
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The Ultrasmoothness of Diamond-like Carbon Surfaces

Michael Moseler, Peter Gumbsch, Cinzia Casiraghi, Andrea C. Ferrari, and John Robertson
Science 2 September 2005: 1545-1548.
Diamond-like films produced from a hail of high-energy carbon atoms are extremely smooth because locally induced particle currents smooth out hills and valleys.
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The Effect of Diurnal Correction on Satellite-Derived Lower Tropospheric Temperature

Carl A. Mears and Frank J. Wentz
Science 2 September 2005: 1548-1551.
Published online 11 August 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1114772] (in Science Express Reports)
After modification of an erroneous diurnal correction, a reconstruction of recent atmospheric warming of the lower troposphere from satellite data now agrees with that inferred from measurements at the surface.
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Amplification of Surface Temperature Trends and Variability in the Tropical Atmosphere

B. D. Santer, T. M. L. Wigley, C. Mears, F. J. Wentz, S. A. Klein, D. J. Seidel, K. E. Taylor, P. W. Thorne, M. F. Wehner, P. J. Gleckler, J. S. Boyle, W. D. Collins, K. W. Dixon, C. Doutriaux, M. Free, Q. Fu, J. E. Hansen, G. S. Jones, R. Ruedy, T. R. Karl, J. R. Lanzante, G. A. Meehl, V. Ramaswamy, G. Russell, and G. A. Schmidt
Science 2 September 2005: 1551-1556.
Published online 11 August 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1114867] (in Science Express Reports)
Results of modeling recent temperature changes in the tropical troposphere agree with satellite data that indicate more warming than earlier observations.
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Radiosonde Daytime Biases and Late-20th Century Warming

Steven C. Sherwood, John R. Lanzante, and Cathryn L. Meyer
Science 2 September 2005: 1556-1559.
Published online 11 August 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1115640] (in Science Express Reports)
Temperature measurements by weather balloons in the troposphere failed to reveal the extent of warming because of an uncorrected artifact in new instrumentation.
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The Transcriptional Landscape of the Mammalian Genome

The FANTOM Consortium, P. Carninci, T. Kasukawa, S. Katayama, J. Gough, M. C. Frith, N. Maeda, R. Oyama, T. Ravasi, B. Lenhard, C. Wells, R. Kodzius, K. Shimokawa, V. B. Bajic, S. E. Brenner, S. Batalov, A. R. R. Forrest, M. Zavolan, M. J. Davis, L. G. Wilming, V. Aidinis, J. E. Allen, A. Ambesi-Impiombato, R. Apweiler, R. N. Aturaliya, T. L. Bailey, M. Bansal, L. Baxter, K. W. Beisel, T. Bersano, H. Bono, A. M. Chalk, K. P. Chiu, V. Choudhary, A. Christoffels, D. R. Clutterbuck, M. L. Crowe, E. Dalla, B. P. Dalrymple, B. de Bono, G. Della Gatta, D. di Bernardo, T. Down, P. Engstrom, M. Fagiolini, G. Faulkner, C. F. Fletcher, T. Fukushima, M. Furuno, S. Futaki, M. Gariboldi, P. Georgii-Hemming, T. R. Gingeras, T. Gojobori, R. E. Green, S. Gustincich, M. Harbers, Y. Hayashi, T. K. Hensch, N. Hirokawa, D. Hill, L. Huminiecki, M. Iacono, K. Ikeo, A. Iwama, T. Ishikawa, M. Jakt, A. Kanapin, M. Katoh, Y. Kawasawa, J. Kelso, H. Kitamura, H. Kitano, G. Kollias, S. P. T. Krishnan, A. Kruger, S. K. Kummerfeld, I. V. Kurochkin, L. F. Lareau, D. Lazarevic, L. Lipovich, J. Liu, S. Liuni, S. McWilliam, M. Madan Babu, M. Madera, L. Marchionni, H. Matsuda, S. Matsuzawa, H. Miki, F. Mignone, S. Miyake, K. Morris, S. Mottagui-Tabar, N. Mulder, N. Nakano, H. Nakauchi, P. Ng, R. Nilsson, S. Nishiguchi, S. Nishikawa, F. Nori, O. Ohara, Y. Okazaki, V. Orlando, K. C. Pang, W. J. Pavan, G. Pavesi, G. Pesole, N. Petrovsky, S. Piazza, J. Reed, J. F. Reid, B. Z. Ring, M. Ringwald, B. Rost, Y. Ruan, S. L. Salzberg, A. Sandelin, C. Schneider, C. Schönbach, K. Sekiguchi, C. A. M. Semple, S. Seno, L. Sessa, Y. Sheng, Y. Shibata, H. Shimada, K. Shimada, D. Silva, B. Sinclair, S. Sperling, E. Stupka, K. Sugiura, R. Sultana, Y. Takenaka, K. Taki, K. Tammoja, S. L. Tan, S. Tang, M. S. Taylor, J. Tegner, S. A. Teichmann, H. R. Ueda, E. van Nimwegen, R. Verardo, C. L. Wei, K. Yagi, H. Yamanishi, E. Zabarovsky, S. Zhu, A. Zimmer, W. Hide, C. Bult, S. M. Grimmond, R. D. Teasdale, E. T. Liu, V. Brusic, J. Quackenbush, C. Wahlestedt, J. S. Mattick, D. A. Hume, RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group and Genome Science Group (Genome Network Project Core Group), C. Kai, D. Sasaki, Y. Tomaru, S. Fukuda, M. Kanamori-Katayama, M. Suzuki, J. Aoki, T. Arakawa, J. Iida, K. Imamura, M. Itoh, T. Kato, H. Kawaji, N. Kawagashira, T. Kawashima, M. Kojima, S. Kondo, H. Konno, K. Nakano, N. Ninomiya, T. Nishio, M. Okada, C. Plessy, K. Shibata, T. Shiraki, S. Suzuki, M. Tagami, K. Waki, A. Watahiki, Y. Okamura-Oho, H. Suzuki, J. Kawai, and Y. Hayashizaki
Science 2 September 2005: 1559-1563.
Examination of RNA transcripts from the mouse genome defines transcriptional boundaries and identifies new complementary DNAs, proteins, and noncoding RNAs.
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Antisense Transcription in the Mammalian Transcriptome

RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group and Genome Science Group (Genome Network Project Core Group) and the FANTOM Consortium, S. Katayama, Y. Tomaru, T. Kasukawa, K. Waki, M. Nakanishi, M. Nakamura, H. Nishida, C. C. Yap, M. Suzuki, J. Kawai, H. Suzuki, P. Carninci, Y. Hayashizaki, C. Wells, M. Frith, T. Ravasi, K. C. Pang, J. Hallinan, J. Mattick, D. A. Hume, L. Lipovich, S. Batalov, P. G. Engström, Y. Mizuno, M. A. Faghihi, A. Sandelin, A. M. Chalk, S. Mottagui-Tabar, Z. Liang, B. Lenhard, and C. Wahlestedt
Science 2 September 2005: 1564-1566.
Some pairs of complementary RNA transcripts are expressed discordantly in the mouse genome, as expected, whereas others are regulated together.
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Elucidation of the Small RNA Component of the Transcriptome

Cheng Lu, Shivakundan Singh Tej, Shujun Luo, Christian D. Haudenschild, Blake C. Meyers, and Pamela J. Green
Science 2 September 2005: 1567-1569.
An extensive analysis of transcribed RNAs in the plant Arabidopsis identifies 10 times more small RNAs than had previously been described.
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A Strategy for Probing the Function of Noncoding RNAs Finds a Repressor of NFAT

A. T. Willingham, A. P. Orth, S. Batalov, E. C. Peters, B. G. Wen, P. Aza-Blanc, J. B. Hogenesch, and P. G. Schultz
Science 2 September 2005: 1570-1573.
A screen for the function of noncoding RNAs in human cells identifies an RNA repressor that probably regulates movement of a transcription factor into the nucleus.
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Inhibition of Translational Initiation by Let-7 MicroRNA in Human Cells

Ramesh S. Pillai, Suvendra N. Bhattacharyya, Caroline G. Artus, Tabea Zoller, Nicolas Cougot, Eugenia Basyuk, Edouard Bertrand, and Witold Filipowicz
Science 2 September 2005: 1573-1576.
Published online 4 August 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1115079] (in Science Express Reports)
A human microRNA regulates gene expression by inhibiting translation initiation, possibly by binding to the cap structure at the 5??end of the targeted messenger RNA.
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Modulation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Abundance by a Liver-Specific MicroRNA

Catherine L. Jopling, MinKyung Yi, Alissa M. Lancaster, Stanley M. Lemon, and Peter Sarnow
Science 2 September 2005: 1577-1581.
Hepatitis C virus exploits a host-encoded microRNA to increase its levels of its own RNA, suggesting new approaches to antiviral therapy.
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Recombination Regulation by Transcription-Induced Cohesin Dissociation in rDNA Repeats

Takehiko Kobayashi and Austen R. D. Ganley
Science 2 September 2005: 1581-1584.
Transcription of noncoding sequences between the genes for ribosomal RNA dissociates an inhibitory protein, promoting an increase in the number of rRNA genes.
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An mRNA Is Capped by a 2', 5' Lariat Catalyzed by a Group I-Like Ribozyme

Henrik Nielsen, Eric Westhof, and Steinar Johansen
Science 2 September 2005: 1584-1587.
A natural ribozyme can generate a lariat-shaped structure at one end of a messenger RNA molecule, perhaps to serve as its protective cap.
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Structural Evidence for a Two-Metal-Ion Mechanism of Group I Intron Splicing

Mary R. Stahley and Scott A. Strobel
Science 2 September 2005: 1587-1590.
A catalytically active RNA intermediate uses the same arrangement of two magnesium ions to transfer phosphates, as is found in many protein phosphotransferases.
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Technical Comments

 Comment on "Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians" (I)

Gabe S. Bever, Timothy Rowe, Eric G. Ekdale, Thomas E. Macrini, Matthew W. Colbert, and Amy M. Balanoff
Science 2 September 2005: 1492.
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 Comment on "Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians" (II)

G. W. Rougier, A. M. Forasiepi, and A. G. Martinelli
Science 2 September 2005: 1492.
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 Response to Comments on "Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians"

T. H. Rich, J. A. Hopson, A. M. Musser, T. F. Flannery, and P. Vickers-Rich
Science 2 September 2005: 1492.
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